S. Suhardi, Ahmad Munir, Haerani Haerani, Husnul Mubarak, M. T. Sapsal, Reskiana Saefuddin, Anita Anita
Drainage in sugarcane cultivation in high-rainfall areas is of paramount importance because it affects sugarcane plants from planting, maintenance, and production. Poor drainage can damage plants and reduce productivity. This study was conducted at Bone Sugarcane Plantation, which typically has high annual rainfall; thus, drainage is necessary. The existing drainage channel cannot drain all surface runoff quickly and causes problems to sugarcane plants. Therefore, a study was conducted with the aim of designing the shape and size of drainage channels that can drain surface runoff quickly, have a strong structure, allows for an effective use of cultivated land by reducing headland for tractor turning, and maintains appropriate soil moisture. The research began by determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil using the Falling Head method. Surface runoff discharge was calculated using rational equations to determine the dimensions of the drainage channel. Rainfall intensity was determined from Intensity Duration Frequency curve which was constructed using Manonobe method. The results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil was 3.54 × 10−3 cm/s which is suitable with surface drainage. Rainfall intensity is estimated to be 201.33 mm/hour. The shape and dimensions of the drainage channel are parabolic with the largest width and depth of 1.70 m and 0.90, respectively. This study provides a practical method to solve drainage problems in sugarcane fields that apply full mechanization. In addition, the practical analysis used in this study can be adapted to analyze the design of drainage channel for other plantations or regions with similar constrains.
{"title":"Design of drainage channel for effective use of land on fully mechanized sugarcane plantations: A case study at Bone Sugarcane Plantation","authors":"S. Suhardi, Ahmad Munir, Haerani Haerani, Husnul Mubarak, M. T. Sapsal, Reskiana Saefuddin, Anita Anita","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0264","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drainage in sugarcane cultivation in high-rainfall areas is of paramount importance because it affects sugarcane plants from planting, maintenance, and production. Poor drainage can damage plants and reduce productivity. This study was conducted at Bone Sugarcane Plantation, which typically has high annual rainfall; thus, drainage is necessary. The existing drainage channel cannot drain all surface runoff quickly and causes problems to sugarcane plants. Therefore, a study was conducted with the aim of designing the shape and size of drainage channels that can drain surface runoff quickly, have a strong structure, allows for an effective use of cultivated land by reducing headland for tractor turning, and maintains appropriate soil moisture. The research began by determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil using the Falling Head method. Surface runoff discharge was calculated using rational equations to determine the dimensions of the drainage channel. Rainfall intensity was determined from Intensity Duration Frequency curve which was constructed using Manonobe method. The results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil was 3.54 × 10−3 cm/s which is suitable with surface drainage. Rainfall intensity is estimated to be 201.33 mm/hour. The shape and dimensions of the drainage channel are parabolic with the largest width and depth of 1.70 m and 0.90, respectively. This study provides a practical method to solve drainage problems in sugarcane fields that apply full mechanization. In addition, the practical analysis used in this study can be adapted to analyze the design of drainage channel for other plantations or regions with similar constrains.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hrivna, Roman Maco, Renáta Dufková, Veronika Kouřilová, Iva Burešová, Tomáš Gregor
In this study, the effect of nitrogen doses (52, 80, 110, 140 kg/ha N) and the application of biostimulant preparations containing Ascophyllum nodosum L. algae extract were assessed. During the years 2018–2019, the influence of the preparations on the electrical capacity of the roots (C R) and yield components of spring barley was determined. Root electrical capacitance was determined in growth stages 45–50, 55–65, and 70–75 according to the BBCH-scale. The best phases of vegetation growth for the application of biostimulators with Ascophyllum nodosum extract were the barley tillering and elongation phases. This application increased C R while reducing the amount of N required to achieve similar or higher production of barley yield components compared to high N treatments. The root electrical capacitance, the number of productive tillers, and the number of grains per plant were significantly influenced (p > 0.05) by the weather of the year. The number of productive tillers was closely correlated with C R (r = 0.912**) as well as the number of grains per plant (r = 0.859**) and their weight (r = 0.850**). These relationships were the highest at the beginning of the grain formation (BBCH 70–75). Foliar biostimulation was not very effective in the dry year of 2018. The problem may be the foliar application itself. The effect of foliar application is strongly dependent on weather conditions and may be ineffective in many cases. We recommend the foliar application of effective biostimulants in tillering and elongation phases. They can reduce production costs and environmental pollution by reducing the amount of fertilizer needed while maintaining yields.
本研究评估了氮剂量（52、80、110、140 千克/公顷氮）和施用含有 Ascophyllum nodosum L. 藻类提取物的生物刺激剂制剂的影响。在 2018-2019 年期间，确定了制剂对春大麦根电容量（C R）和产量成分的影响。根据BBCH尺度，在45-50、55-65和70-75生长阶段测定了根系电容量。大麦分蘖期和伸长期是施用 Ascophyllum nodosum 提取物生物刺激剂的最佳植被生长阶段。与高氮处理相比，施用生物刺激剂可增加 C R，同时减少所需的氮量，以获得相似或更高的大麦产量成分。根部电容、生产性分蘖数量和单株穗粒数受当年天气的显著影响（p > 0.05）。高产分蘖数与 C R（r = 0.912**）、单株谷粒数（r = 0.859**）和谷粒重量（r = 0.850**）密切相关。这些关系在谷粒形成初期（BBCH 70-75）最高。叶面生物刺激在 2018 年的干旱年份效果不佳。问题可能出在叶面喷施本身。叶面喷施的效果在很大程度上取决于天气条件，在很多情况下可能无效。我们建议在分蘖和伸长阶段叶面喷施有效的生物刺激剂。它们可以在保持产量的同时减少化肥用量，从而降低生产成本和环境污染。
{"title":"Effect of weather, nitrogen fertilizer, and biostimulators on the root size and yield components of Hordeum vulgare","authors":"L. Hrivna, Roman Maco, Renáta Dufková, Veronika Kouřilová, Iva Burešová, Tomáš Gregor","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0270","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, the effect of nitrogen doses (52, 80, 110, 140 kg/ha N) and the application of biostimulant preparations containing Ascophyllum nodosum L. algae extract were assessed. During the years 2018–2019, the influence of the preparations on the electrical capacity of the roots (C\u0000 R) and yield components of spring barley was determined. Root electrical capacitance was determined in growth stages 45–50, 55–65, and 70–75 according to the BBCH-scale. The best phases of vegetation growth for the application of biostimulators with Ascophyllum nodosum extract were the barley tillering and elongation phases. This application increased C\u0000 R while reducing the amount of N required to achieve similar or higher production of barley yield components compared to high N treatments. The root electrical capacitance, the number of productive tillers, and the number of grains per plant were significantly influenced (p > 0.05) by the weather of the year. The number of productive tillers was closely correlated with C\u0000 R (r = 0.912**) as well as the number of grains per plant (r = 0.859**) and their weight (r = 0.850**). These relationships were the highest at the beginning of the grain formation (BBCH 70–75). Foliar biostimulation was not very effective in the dry year of 2018. The problem may be the foliar application itself. The effect of foliar application is strongly dependent on weather conditions and may be ineffective in many cases. We recommend the foliar application of effective biostimulants in tillering and elongation phases. They can reduce production costs and environmental pollution by reducing the amount of fertilizer needed while maintaining yields.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. P. Bhuyan, Ravi Tomar, T. Singh, Amar Ramdane-Cherif
This research article outlines a study that examines the creation of a comprehensive knowledge graph specifically designed for the domain of urban agriculture. The research centers on the acquisition, synthesis, and arrangement of pertinent information from various origins in order to establish a specialized knowledge graph tailored for urban agricultural systems. The graph depicts the interrelationships and attributes of various entities, including urban farms, crops, farming methods, environmental factors, and economic elements. Moreover, this study investigates the efficacy of different graph embedding methodologies in the domain of urban agriculture. The aforementioned techniques are utilized in the context of the urban agriculture knowledge graph in order to extract significant representations of entities and their relationships. The primary objective of the experimental study is to investigate and reveal semantic relationships, patterns, and predictions that have the potential to improve decision-making processes and optimize practices in the field of urban agriculture. The results of this study make a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge in the area of urban agriculture. Additionally, they offer valuable insights into the potential uses of graph embedding techniques within this field.
{"title":"UrbanAgriKG: A knowledge graph on urban agriculture and its embeddings","authors":"B. P. Bhuyan, Ravi Tomar, T. Singh, Amar Ramdane-Cherif","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0265","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research article outlines a study that examines the creation of a comprehensive knowledge graph specifically designed for the domain of urban agriculture. The research centers on the acquisition, synthesis, and arrangement of pertinent information from various origins in order to establish a specialized knowledge graph tailored for urban agricultural systems. The graph depicts the interrelationships and attributes of various entities, including urban farms, crops, farming methods, environmental factors, and economic elements. Moreover, this study investigates the efficacy of different graph embedding methodologies in the domain of urban agriculture. The aforementioned techniques are utilized in the context of the urban agriculture knowledge graph in order to extract significant representations of entities and their relationships. The primary objective of the experimental study is to investigate and reveal semantic relationships, patterns, and predictions that have the potential to improve decision-making processes and optimize practices in the field of urban agriculture. The results of this study make a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge in the area of urban agriculture. Additionally, they offer valuable insights into the potential uses of graph embedding techniques within this field.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dono, Retno Wulansari, Y. Hidayat, N. S. Widayani
Spodoptera frugiperda is a new invasive and highly polyphagous pest that attacks corn in Indonesia. The availability of abundant plant species allows pests to switch to other host plants to maintain their population. The aim of this research is to examine the development, reproduction, nutritional indices, and life table of S. frugiperda in several plant species. The plants tested were corn, rice, broccoli, oil palm, and baby corn as controls. Ten individual insects were used and the experiments were repeated five times for each plant species. The test results show that different types of plant feed affect the development time, imago life span, fecundity, and fertility of S. frugiperda. Baby corn fruit and broccoli had higher net reproduction value (R 0), intrinsic growth rate (r), gross reproduction rate (GRR), shorter mean generation period (T), and population doubling time (DT) than corn and rice leaves. On oil palm leaf feed, no population parameters could be determined because no larvae developed into adults and had the lowest nutritional indices parameters, so that, oil palm could not be exploited as a host plant. Also, the nutritional indices of several feed plant species tested provided information that broccoli could be the most suitable host compared to other plants tested when there was no corn in the field.
{"title":"Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different types of plants feeds: Potency as a pest on various agricultural plants","authors":"D. Dono, Retno Wulansari, Y. Hidayat, N. S. Widayani","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0254","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Spodoptera frugiperda is a new invasive and highly polyphagous pest that attacks corn in Indonesia. The availability of abundant plant species allows pests to switch to other host plants to maintain their population. The aim of this research is to examine the development, reproduction, nutritional indices, and life table of S. frugiperda in several plant species. The plants tested were corn, rice, broccoli, oil palm, and baby corn as controls. Ten individual insects were used and the experiments were repeated five times for each plant species. The test results show that different types of plant feed affect the development time, imago life span, fecundity, and fertility of S. frugiperda. Baby corn fruit and broccoli had higher net reproduction value (R\u0000 0), intrinsic growth rate (r), gross reproduction rate (GRR), shorter mean generation period (T), and population doubling time (DT) than corn and rice leaves. On oil palm leaf feed, no population parameters could be determined because no larvae developed into adults and had the lowest nutritional indices parameters, so that, oil palm could not be exploited as a host plant. Also, the nutritional indices of several feed plant species tested provided information that broccoli could be the most suitable host compared to other plants tested when there was no corn in the field.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil acidity significantly impacted the agricultural productivity of Ethiopia. Liming has been used as a soil ameliorator, albeit it was not successful due to inadequate availability, high cost, and poor infrastructure for lime transportation to the required agricultural land area. Hence, soil amendment with a minimum amount of lime application is a viable option to improve agricultural productivity sustainably. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of micro-dosing lime on selected chemical properties of acidic soil in North West, Ethiopia. Three lime application methods and eight treatment approaches were used in the field experiment employing a randomized complete block design with four replications. Independent soil samples were collected before and after liming and analyzed for selected chemical properties. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using SPSS version 22.0 and SAS 9.3. The application of lime had a significant impact (p < 0.01) on the selected soil chemical properties. Micro-dose application of lime efficiently affected the selected soil chemical properties. The results showed that water pH, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon exhibited a considerable increase per kg of applied lime: 2.5 × 10−3, 101.3 × 10−3 (mg kg−1), 160 × 10−3 (Cmol(+) kg−1), and 3 × 10−3%, respectively. Conversely, exchangeable aluminum and exchangeable acidity decreased per kg of applied lime by 7.8 × 10−3 (Cmol(+) kg−1) and 12.2 (Cmol(+) kg−1) × 10−3, respectively. Therefore, the micro-dosing lime application proved to be more effective in influencing these soil properties than other application methods, emphasizing its potential as a valuable soil amendment strategy for small-scale farming.
{"title":"Effectiveness of micro-dosing of lime on selected chemical properties of soil in Banja District, North West, Ethiopia","authors":"Selomon Afework Yenesew, Y. Selassie, Workineh Ejigu, Tirusew Abere, Mekuanint Lewoyehu, Asmare Adegeh","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0272","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Soil acidity significantly impacted the agricultural productivity of Ethiopia. Liming has been used as a soil ameliorator, albeit it was not successful due to inadequate availability, high cost, and poor infrastructure for lime transportation to the required agricultural land area. Hence, soil amendment with a minimum amount of lime application is a viable option to improve agricultural productivity sustainably. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of micro-dosing lime on selected chemical properties of acidic soil in North West, Ethiopia. Three lime application methods and eight treatment approaches were used in the field experiment employing a randomized complete block design with four replications. Independent soil samples were collected before and after liming and analyzed for selected chemical properties. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using SPSS version 22.0 and SAS 9.3. The application of lime had a significant impact (p < 0.01) on the selected soil chemical properties. Micro-dose application of lime efficiently affected the selected soil chemical properties. The results showed that water pH, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon exhibited a considerable increase per kg of applied lime: 2.5 × 10−3, 101.3 × 10−3 (mg kg−1), 160 × 10−3 (Cmol(+) kg−1), and 3 × 10−3%, respectively. Conversely, exchangeable aluminum and exchangeable acidity decreased per kg of applied lime by 7.8 × 10−3 (Cmol(+) kg−1) and 12.2 (Cmol(+) kg−1) × 10−3, respectively. Therefore, the micro-dosing lime application proved to be more effective in influencing these soil properties than other application methods, emphasizing its potential as a valuable soil amendment strategy for small-scale farming.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Etminani, Bahman Fazeli-Nasab, H. G. Gowtham, Ali Reza Mirzaei, Jayanthi Barasarathi, R. Z. Sayyed
Drought is a major problem worldwide for agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. In many cases, major physiological and biochemical changes occur due to drought stress. The plant’s response to drought stress includes a set of systems for intracellular regulation of gene expression and inter-tissue and inter-organ signaling, which ultimately leads to increased stress tolerance. Meanwhile, the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria in improving many harmful consequences of drought stress has been discussed. One of the new ways to increase tolerance to drought stress in plants is drug design using methods based on computer analysis, bioinformatics, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking. The present study aimed to identify volatile and non-volatile compounds involved in drought tolerance using molecular docking methods. In this research, among the volatile and non-volatile compounds effective in increasing growth and inducing drought tolerance, compounds that have a high affinity for interacting with the active site of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein were identified through molecular docking methods, and it was presented as a suitable inhibitor for this protein. Based on the docking results, the inhibition potentials of the studied compounds differed, and the most vital interaction in the case of LEA 3 protein was related to the gibberellic acid compound, whose energy is equivalent to −7.78 kcal/mol. Due to the basic understanding of many mechanisms operating in the interactions of plants and bacteria, it is expected that the practical use of these compounds will grow significantly in the coming years, relying on pharmacokinetic methods and molecular docking.
{"title":"Bioinformatics investigation of the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds of rhizobacteria in inhibiting late embryogenesis abundant protein that induces drought tolerance","authors":"F. Etminani, Bahman Fazeli-Nasab, H. G. Gowtham, Ali Reza Mirzaei, Jayanthi Barasarathi, R. Z. Sayyed","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0252","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drought is a major problem worldwide for agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. In many cases, major physiological and biochemical changes occur due to drought stress. The plant’s response to drought stress includes a set of systems for intracellular regulation of gene expression and inter-tissue and inter-organ signaling, which ultimately leads to increased stress tolerance. Meanwhile, the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria in improving many harmful consequences of drought stress has been discussed. One of the new ways to increase tolerance to drought stress in plants is drug design using methods based on computer analysis, bioinformatics, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking. The present study aimed to identify volatile and non-volatile compounds involved in drought tolerance using molecular docking methods. In this research, among the volatile and non-volatile compounds effective in increasing growth and inducing drought tolerance, compounds that have a high affinity for interacting with the active site of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein were identified through molecular docking methods, and it was presented as a suitable inhibitor for this protein. Based on the docking results, the inhibition potentials of the studied compounds differed, and the most vital interaction in the case of LEA 3 protein was related to the gibberellic acid compound, whose energy is equivalent to −7.78 kcal/mol. Due to the basic understanding of many mechanisms operating in the interactions of plants and bacteria, it is expected that the practical use of these compounds will grow significantly in the coming years, relying on pharmacokinetic methods and molecular docking.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change has many negative effects on the viticulture sector, as it does in all sectors. In recent years, global climate change has also shown its effect in the form of sudden climatic events. There is an urgent need to develop preventive/protective activities for all plant species in order to prevent the increasing world population from being negatively affected by many negative consequences of climate change such as increasing temperatures, drought, floods, and sudden climatic events. Grape industry is among the sectors that feel the negative effects of climate change the most, and this effect is increasing every year. Along with global warming, there are also important problems in accessing water. Particularly, there is a need to develop cultivars that are more resistant to drought stress and to make applications that will protect grapevine plants from drought stress. One of the most important issues to be overcome is to develop new cultivars that can withstand different stress conditions and to use them more in production. In addition, environmental and human health awareness is increasing day by day. Adaptation strategies to be taken against the negative effects of climate change and the studies to be carried out, as well as the use of new environmentally friendly varieties (requiring less input costs) to be developed in accordance with the sustainable agriculture model, will make significant contributions to protecting both the environment and human health.
{"title":"Climate change and adaptive strategies on viticulture (Vitis spp.)","authors":"Arif Atak","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0258","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate change has many negative effects on the viticulture sector, as it does in all sectors. In recent years, global climate change has also shown its effect in the form of sudden climatic events. There is an urgent need to develop preventive/protective activities for all plant species in order to prevent the increasing world population from being negatively affected by many negative consequences of climate change such as increasing temperatures, drought, floods, and sudden climatic events. Grape industry is among the sectors that feel the negative effects of climate change the most, and this effect is increasing every year. Along with global warming, there are also important problems in accessing water. Particularly, there is a need to develop cultivars that are more resistant to drought stress and to make applications that will protect grapevine plants from drought stress. One of the most important issues to be overcome is to develop new cultivars that can withstand different stress conditions and to use them more in production. In addition, environmental and human health awareness is increasing day by day. Adaptation strategies to be taken against the negative effects of climate change and the studies to be carried out, as well as the use of new environmentally friendly varieties (requiring less input costs) to be developed in accordance with the sustainable agriculture model, will make significant contributions to protecting both the environment and human health.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Acceptability of a diet is one factor that determines an animal’s growth performance. Some feed additives in the category of dietary clay, including fossil shell flour (FSF), have been identified to enhance performance of livestock. Therefore, the influence of varying inclusion levels of FSF supplementation on feed acceptability, body condition scores, and growth performance of Dohne Merino sheep was evaluated. Twenty-four Dohne Merino rams were completely randomised and individually housed in pens for 90 days. Four different supplementation levels of FSF (0, 20, 40, and 60g/kg) were considered treatments for the rams. The average daily feed intake, body condition score, average daily weight gain (g), and coefficient of preference were significantly higher in rams supplemented with 60 g FSF/kg than the other treatments (P < 0.05). The experimental diet colour was brown for 0 g FSF/kg, while in 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg, it ranged from light brown to slightly deep brown. The texture of diets with 0 g FSF/kg was moderately firm, while diets with 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg had a firm texture. The order of preference of diets supplemented with FSF in feed intake by Dohne Merino rams was: 60 g FSF/kg > 40 g FSF/kg > 20 g FSF/kg > 0 g FSF/kg. Therefore, FSF at a minimum inclusion level of 40 g FSF/kg can improve feed intake, body condition score, and feeding behaviour of Dohne Merino rams by increasing the acceptability of the diet.
摘要饮食的可接受性是决定动物生长性能的一个因素。饲料粘土类中的一些饲料添加剂，包括化石贝壳粉（FSF），已被确定可以提高牲畜的性能。因此，评估了不同FSF添加水平对Dohne Merino绵羊饲料可接受性、身体状况评分和生长性能的影响。24只Dohne Merino公羊被完全随机分配，并单独圈养90天。四种不同的FSF补充水平（0、20、40和60g/kg）被认为是对公羊的处理。添加60的公羊的平均日采食量、身体状况评分、平均日增重（g）和偏好系数显著较高 g FSF/kg组与其他处理组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.05） g FSF/kg，而在20、40和60 g FSF/kg，范围从浅棕色到略深棕色。0的饮食结构 g FSF/kg是中等硬度的，而20、40和60的日粮 g FSF/kg具有牢固的质地。多恩美利奴公羊日粮中添加FSF的偏好顺序为：60 g FSF/kg>40 g FSF/kg>20 g FSF/kg>0 g FSF/kg。因此，FSF最低包含水平为40 g FSF/kg可以通过提高日粮的可接受性来改善多恩美利奴公羊的采食量、身体状况评分和喂养行为。
{"title":"Feed preference, body condition scoring, and growth performance of Dohne Merino ram fed varying levels of fossil shell flour","authors":"O. Ikusika, C. T. Mpendulo","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acceptability of a diet is one factor that determines an animal’s growth performance. Some feed additives in the category of dietary clay, including fossil shell flour (FSF), have been identified to enhance performance of livestock. Therefore, the influence of varying inclusion levels of FSF supplementation on feed acceptability, body condition scores, and growth performance of Dohne Merino sheep was evaluated. Twenty-four Dohne Merino rams were completely randomised and individually housed in pens for 90 days. Four different supplementation levels of FSF (0, 20, 40, and 60g/kg) were considered treatments for the rams. The average daily feed intake, body condition score, average daily weight gain (g), and coefficient of preference were significantly higher in rams supplemented with 60 g FSF/kg than the other treatments (P < 0.05). The experimental diet colour was brown for 0 g FSF/kg, while in 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg, it ranged from light brown to slightly deep brown. The texture of diets with 0 g FSF/kg was moderately firm, while diets with 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg had a firm texture. The order of preference of diets supplemented with FSF in feed intake by Dohne Merino rams was: 60 g FSF/kg > 40 g FSF/kg > 20 g FSF/kg > 0 g FSF/kg. Therefore, FSF at a minimum inclusion level of 40 g FSF/kg can improve feed intake, body condition score, and feeding behaviour of Dohne Merino rams by increasing the acceptability of the diet.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41481270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Amin, Yoga Pramujisunu, M. Lamid, Y. Cahyoko, O. Odeyemi, Muhamad Ali, A. Nurhayati
Abstract Introduction Probiotics have been commonly practiced in commercial shrimp farms to increase pond production. However, these possibilities were based on the results of in vitro studies or laboratory in vivo trials. While studies on probiotic applications in commercial-scale farms are still rarely investigated, this study addresses the fate of probiotic species in ponds and the intestinal tract of white shrimps reared in an intensive aquaculture system. Material and methods Four commercial probiotic species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas putida) were applied to the commercial shrimp ponds (@800 m2 area of high-density polyethene ponds) in the morning at a dose of 5 ppm once every 2 days in the first month, and once a week from second month onward. Then, the presence of the probiotic species was traced by collecting the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines on day 47 of culture to monitor their composition and abundance using high-throughput sequencing. Results None of the commercial probiotic species could be detected from both rearing water and shrimp intestinal tracts. These results suggest that the probiotic species had low viability and adaptability in the rearing pond as well as the shrimp intestines when applied on commercial-scale farms. These facts may explain the high variation in the yield among shrimp ponds in spite of having similar treatments. Conclusion Probiotic strains had low viability and adaptability in commercial farms. Thus, methods and strategies in probiotic application to commercial-scale shrimp farms should be evaluated and further developed to increase probiotic efficacy.
{"title":"The fate of probiotic species applied in intensive grow-out ponds in rearing water and intestinal tracts of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"M. Amin, Yoga Pramujisunu, M. Lamid, Y. Cahyoko, O. Odeyemi, Muhamad Ali, A. Nurhayati","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0152","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Probiotics have been commonly practiced in commercial shrimp farms to increase pond production. However, these possibilities were based on the results of in vitro studies or laboratory in vivo trials. While studies on probiotic applications in commercial-scale farms are still rarely investigated, this study addresses the fate of probiotic species in ponds and the intestinal tract of white shrimps reared in an intensive aquaculture system. Material and methods Four commercial probiotic species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas putida) were applied to the commercial shrimp ponds (@800 m2 area of high-density polyethene ponds) in the morning at a dose of 5 ppm once every 2 days in the first month, and once a week from second month onward. Then, the presence of the probiotic species was traced by collecting the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines on day 47 of culture to monitor their composition and abundance using high-throughput sequencing. Results None of the commercial probiotic species could be detected from both rearing water and shrimp intestinal tracts. These results suggest that the probiotic species had low viability and adaptability in the rearing pond as well as the shrimp intestines when applied on commercial-scale farms. These facts may explain the high variation in the yield among shrimp ponds in spite of having similar treatments. Conclusion Probiotic strains had low viability and adaptability in commercial farms. Thus, methods and strategies in probiotic application to commercial-scale shrimp farms should be evaluated and further developed to increase probiotic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41402441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imelda Imelda, J. Mulyo, A. Suryantini, M. Masyhuri
Abstract Over the past decade, smallholder rubber farming experienced significant issues related to risks of rainy season, rubber diseases, and price decreases. The risk exposure will reduce agricultural productivity, income, and sustainability. Farmers are expected to mitigate various risks by adopting the appropriate risk strategy. Efforts to support the risk strategy adoption are constrained by the lack of scientific research in rubber farming, especially for simultaneous risk strategy adoption. This study aims to identify the risk strategy adoption in rubber farming and analyse the determinant factors by considering farmers’ socioeconomic, rubber farm characteristics, and risk perception. The data were collected from 200 rubber farmers in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and analysed using a multinomial logit model. The study results show that the most selected strategy was income diversification. The multinomial logit model indicates that farmers’ age, family members, rubber age, rubber clones, and rainy season risk perception positively affect the adoption of risk strategy. In contrast, experience, farm area, and farm distance have a negative effect. The results also indicate that family members, farm area, and farm distance variables significantly affect all choices of risk strategy adoption. The results of this study suggest several implications for government and policymakers in providing assistance and counselling, capital assistance, input access, and improving transportation, road access, and communication.
{"title":"Assessing the determinant factors of risk strategy adoption to mitigate various risks: An experience from smallholder rubber farmers in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia","authors":"Imelda Imelda, J. Mulyo, A. Suryantini, M. Masyhuri","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past decade, smallholder rubber farming experienced significant issues related to risks of rainy season, rubber diseases, and price decreases. The risk exposure will reduce agricultural productivity, income, and sustainability. Farmers are expected to mitigate various risks by adopting the appropriate risk strategy. Efforts to support the risk strategy adoption are constrained by the lack of scientific research in rubber farming, especially for simultaneous risk strategy adoption. This study aims to identify the risk strategy adoption in rubber farming and analyse the determinant factors by considering farmers’ socioeconomic, rubber farm characteristics, and risk perception. The data were collected from 200 rubber farmers in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and analysed using a multinomial logit model. The study results show that the most selected strategy was income diversification. The multinomial logit model indicates that farmers’ age, family members, rubber age, rubber clones, and rainy season risk perception positively affect the adoption of risk strategy. In contrast, experience, farm area, and farm distance have a negative effect. The results also indicate that family members, farm area, and farm distance variables significantly affect all choices of risk strategy adoption. The results of this study suggest several implications for government and policymakers in providing assistance and counselling, capital assistance, input access, and improving transportation, road access, and communication.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48910952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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