Abstract Farmers are accessing seeds from different sources with different quality standards. Studies on the assessment of seed systems (sources) in relation to seed quality are scarce. This study was carried out to assess the different seed qualities (physical purity, physiological quality, and seed health) of bread wheat seed accessed through the existing seed sources (formal and informal seed sources) in Baso Liben district of the Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia. In addition, this study assessed the experience of farmers in seed production and management. Data were collected from 108 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire and from farmers and local experts using focus group discussions. Seed samples were collected from 58 farmers (30 farmers who sourced seed from the informal system and 28 from the formal system) for laboratory testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t -test (pairwise comparison) using SPSS v23.0. Results showed that about 32.4% of the respondents have experience in quality bread wheat seed production under contractual seed production arrangements with public seed enterprises. Results also revealed significant differences between formal and informal seed sources for various seed quality parameters. Seeds accessed from the formal sources have better physical purity, physiological quality, and 1,000 seed weight than seeds accessed from informal sources. Seed samples collected from the informal source were highly infected with Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger , Chaetomium spp., and Fusarium spp., and seeds from the formal seed source were infected with Alternata spp. and Penicillium spp. Seed quality is a major concern for the seeds accessed from both formal and informal sources. Therefore, the seed quality control mechanisms of various stakeholders, including national and regional seed regulatory bodies, government organizations, research institutes, and seed producers/companies, should be given much attention at each stage of the seed value chain.
{"title":"Assessment of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) seed quality accessed through different seed sources in northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Yekoye Abebaw Yitayew, Dawit Tsegaye Sisay, Dereje Ayalew","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Farmers are accessing seeds from different sources with different quality standards. Studies on the assessment of seed systems (sources) in relation to seed quality are scarce. This study was carried out to assess the different seed qualities (physical purity, physiological quality, and seed health) of bread wheat seed accessed through the existing seed sources (formal and informal seed sources) in Baso Liben district of the Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia. In addition, this study assessed the experience of farmers in seed production and management. Data were collected from 108 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire and from farmers and local experts using focus group discussions. Seed samples were collected from 58 farmers (30 farmers who sourced seed from the informal system and 28 from the formal system) for laboratory testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t -test (pairwise comparison) using SPSS v23.0. Results showed that about 32.4% of the respondents have experience in quality bread wheat seed production under contractual seed production arrangements with public seed enterprises. Results also revealed significant differences between formal and informal seed sources for various seed quality parameters. Seeds accessed from the formal sources have better physical purity, physiological quality, and 1,000 seed weight than seeds accessed from informal sources. Seed samples collected from the informal source were highly infected with Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger , Chaetomium spp., and Fusarium spp., and seeds from the formal seed source were infected with Alternata spp. and Penicillium spp. Seed quality is a major concern for the seeds accessed from both formal and informal sources. Therefore, the seed quality control mechanisms of various stakeholders, including national and regional seed regulatory bodies, government organizations, research institutes, and seed producers/companies, should be given much attention at each stage of the seed value chain.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135319809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study was conducted to assess the phenotypic diversity within the indigenous chicken population in Tanzania, the central zone, preciously Dodoma and Singida regions. Six districts from two regions were purposively selected based on their potential for chicken population. A total of 176 adult local chickens of both sexes were used to estimate the body weight, linear body measurements and visual assessments of phenotypic traits. The results indicated that the predominant comb type was single (90.9%) followed by pea comb (6.8%). The dominant plumage colour was a combination of different colours (66%), followed by black (14%). Yellow shank colour (59.1%) was dominant over other colours. The estimated overall mean values of body weight, body length, chest circumference, and shank length were 1.80 kg, 39.3, 31.3, and 8.8 cm, respectively. Males were significantly heavier than females (2.2 vs 1.3 kg; p < 0.05). The values of most linear body measurement traits were significantly different ( p < 0.01). The chest circumference was not significantly different across the studied districts. The present finding suggests that indigenous chickens in the study area possess unique genetic potentials that would be used for further breeding programs for optimum utilisation of these genetic resources by the rural communities.
摘要本研究旨在评估坦桑尼亚、中部地区、珍贵的Dodoma和Singida地区土生鸡种群的表型多样性。根据两个地区的鸡群潜力，有目的地选择了6个县。选取176只成年地方鸡(雌雄)进行体重估算、体重线性测量和表型性状视觉评价。结果表明，以单梳为主(90.9%)，其次为豌豆梳(6.8%);主要的羽毛颜色是不同颜色的组合(66%)，其次是黑色(14%)。黄小腿色(59.1%)在其他颜色中占主导地位。估计体重、体长、胸围和小腿长度的总体平均值分别为1.80 kg、39.3、31.3和8.8 cm。男性明显比女性重(2.2 vs 1.3 kg;p & lt;0.05)。大多数线性体测量性状的值差异有统计学意义(p <0.01)。各研究地区的胸围没有显著差异。目前的研究结果表明，研究地区的土鸡具有独特的遗传潜力，可用于进一步的育种计划，以便农村社区最佳地利用这些遗传资源。
{"title":"Phenotypic characterisation of indigenous chicken in the central zone of Tanzania","authors":"Edward Moto, Chrispinus D. K. Rubanza","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0218","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study was conducted to assess the phenotypic diversity within the indigenous chicken population in Tanzania, the central zone, preciously Dodoma and Singida regions. Six districts from two regions were purposively selected based on their potential for chicken population. A total of 176 adult local chickens of both sexes were used to estimate the body weight, linear body measurements and visual assessments of phenotypic traits. The results indicated that the predominant comb type was single (90.9%) followed by pea comb (6.8%). The dominant plumage colour was a combination of different colours (66%), followed by black (14%). Yellow shank colour (59.1%) was dominant over other colours. The estimated overall mean values of body weight, body length, chest circumference, and shank length were 1.80 kg, 39.3, 31.3, and 8.8 cm, respectively. Males were significantly heavier than females (2.2 vs 1.3 kg; p < 0.05). The values of most linear body measurement traits were significantly different ( p < 0.01). The chest circumference was not significantly different across the studied districts. The present finding suggests that indigenous chickens in the study area possess unique genetic potentials that would be used for further breeding programs for optimum utilisation of these genetic resources by the rural communities.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135601208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arjon Turnip, Fikri Rida Pebriansyah, Tualar Simarmata, Poltak Sihombing, Endra Joelianto
Abstract The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a UN agenda that has been approved by all UN member states. The SDGs have 17 targets, one of which is to eliminate hunger. In 2050, the world’s population is expected to reach 9.7 billion people. Improved soil and water management, according to the World Resources Institute, is one of the options for feeding 10 billion people sustainably by 2050. In comparison to conventional farming, smart and precision farming produces higher productivity at a lower cost. Based on the search for literature studies related to the development of agricultural technology, it was found that communication methods and online interfaces still require further improvement. The steps for developing the system are designing the architecture and end-to-end communication flow, designing use case diagrams, designing entity-relationship diagrams, designing user flow diagrams, implementing the system through code development, and finally testing the system. Planned communication and web design for precision smart agriculture are implemented effectively. The MQTT is used to communicate with the Node.js server worker. Data from numeric image feeds and images are directly processed by the system. The server will store all received data, including numeric data and live feeds, for future use. The back end of the website has many functions such as dataset management, device management, user administration, firmware management, control management, and live image feed management are some of the capabilities available. When 100 users access the system simultaneously, the RAM usage on the server is 167 MB. RAM utilization reaches 389 MB when 400 users access the system simultaneously. The limit for simultaneous user connections to the web interface is 400 users. The maximum number of devices that can be connected simultaneously via MQTT communication is 900.
{"title":"Design of smart farming communication and web interface using MQTT and Node.js","authors":"Arjon Turnip, Fikri Rida Pebriansyah, Tualar Simarmata, Poltak Sihombing, Endra Joelianto","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a UN agenda that has been approved by all UN member states. The SDGs have 17 targets, one of which is to eliminate hunger. In 2050, the world’s population is expected to reach 9.7 billion people. Improved soil and water management, according to the World Resources Institute, is one of the options for feeding 10 billion people sustainably by 2050. In comparison to conventional farming, smart and precision farming produces higher productivity at a lower cost. Based on the search for literature studies related to the development of agricultural technology, it was found that communication methods and online interfaces still require further improvement. The steps for developing the system are designing the architecture and end-to-end communication flow, designing use case diagrams, designing entity-relationship diagrams, designing user flow diagrams, implementing the system through code development, and finally testing the system. Planned communication and web design for precision smart agriculture are implemented effectively. The MQTT is used to communicate with the Node.js server worker. Data from numeric image feeds and images are directly processed by the system. The server will store all received data, including numeric data and live feeds, for future use. The back end of the website has many functions such as dataset management, device management, user administration, firmware management, control management, and live image feed management are some of the capabilities available. When 100 users access the system simultaneously, the RAM usage on the server is 167 MB. RAM utilization reaches 389 MB when 400 users access the system simultaneously. The limit for simultaneous user connections to the web interface is 400 users. The maximum number of devices that can be connected simultaneously via MQTT communication is 900.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136305534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanudin, E. Fauziyah, T. S. Widyaningsih, A. H. Harianja, A. Widiyanto
Abstract Sustainable peatland management needs collaboration among many actors. This study portrayed the role of actors in managing peatland in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, based on their interests and influence factors. We employ the purposive sampling method to select 13 actors to represent their institutions to assess their organization’s level of interest and influence in peatland management. The results indicated four existing groups categorized as key players, context setter, subject, and crowd. The key player group has the primary role in program planning and implementation of the Forest Management Unit of Kubu Raya, Wetland Ecosystem Management Unit, Regional Development Planning Agency, and Agriculture Service of Kubu Raya Regency. The subject group supports peatland management programs in the implementation and supervision role, which consists of forest concessionaire (PT Ekosistem Khatulistiwa Lestari) and communities. The context setter group has roles in regional planning, regional supervision, and monitoring of fire hazards, including Production Forest Management Institute in Pontianak, Fire Brigade, and Regional Forest Area Designation Agency III in Pontianak. The last stakeholder is the extension worker categorized in the crowd group, which empowers and assists the community in managing peatland. Avoiding conflicts of interest and promoting collaborative actions are essential factors needed to ensure sustainable peatland management.
摘要可持续泥炭地管理需要许多行动者之间的合作。本研究基于参与者的利益和影响因素，描绘了他们在西加里曼丹Kubu Raya Regency泥炭地管理中的角色。我们采用有目的的抽样方法，选择13名参与者代表其机构，以评估其组织对泥炭地管理的兴趣和影响力。研究结果表明，现有的四个群体被分为关键参与者、情境设定者、主体和人群。关键参与者群体在Kubu Raya森林管理部门、湿地生态系统管理部门、区域发展规划机构和Kubu Ray亚县农业服务局的项目规划和实施中发挥着主要作用。主题小组支持泥炭地管理项目的实施和监督，该项目由森林特许经营公司（PT Ekositem Khatulistiwa Lestari）和社区组成。背景设定小组在区域规划、区域监督和火灾隐患监测中发挥作用，包括蓬蒂亚纳克的生产森林管理研究所、消防队和蓬蒂亚纳克第三区域林区指定机构。最后一个利益相关者是人群小组中的推广工作者，该小组授权并协助社区管理泥炭地。避免利益冲突和促进合作行动是确保泥炭地可持续管理所需的基本因素。
{"title":"Role of actors in promoting sustainable peatland management in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Sanudin, E. Fauziyah, T. S. Widyaningsih, A. H. Harianja, A. Widiyanto","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sustainable peatland management needs collaboration among many actors. This study portrayed the role of actors in managing peatland in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, based on their interests and influence factors. We employ the purposive sampling method to select 13 actors to represent their institutions to assess their organization’s level of interest and influence in peatland management. The results indicated four existing groups categorized as key players, context setter, subject, and crowd. The key player group has the primary role in program planning and implementation of the Forest Management Unit of Kubu Raya, Wetland Ecosystem Management Unit, Regional Development Planning Agency, and Agriculture Service of Kubu Raya Regency. The subject group supports peatland management programs in the implementation and supervision role, which consists of forest concessionaire (PT Ekosistem Khatulistiwa Lestari) and communities. The context setter group has roles in regional planning, regional supervision, and monitoring of fire hazards, including Production Forest Management Institute in Pontianak, Fire Brigade, and Regional Forest Area Designation Agency III in Pontianak. The last stakeholder is the extension worker categorized in the crowd group, which empowers and assists the community in managing peatland. Avoiding conflicts of interest and promoting collaborative actions are essential factors needed to ensure sustainable peatland management.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44296478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tran Van Dung, Le Van Dang, Ngo Phuong Ngoc, N. N. Hung
Abstract Exchangeable cations and soil nutrients leach out/lost in the raised bed soils system through irrigation water and rainwater. Cover crops or crop residue mulching are considered sustainable agricultural measures because they prevent soil degradation and compaction and increase the soil ecological diversity. However, the impact of these on soil quality in fruit orchards in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is not well studied. The present work aimed to assess the effect of cover crops (grass, pinto peanut) and rice straw mulching on change in soil chemical properties and productivity of pomelo. The 3-year (2019–2021) field experiment was conducted at Phu Huu Commune, Chau Thanh District, Hau Giang Province, Vietnam. Four treatments, control (no-cover crop), grass cover crop, mulching with rice straw (MRS), and pinto peanut cover crop were used. Soil samples were collected from the depth of 0–20 and 20–40 cm for analyzing soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that MRS or cover crop by pinto peanut significantly decreased soil acidity in the topsoil layer. Soil fertility properties (TN, TP, AP, and SOM) at the depth 0–20 cm were greatly improved after the application of the mulched rice straw and cover crop by legume, thus improving pomelo yield. Further study is required to understand the effects of the cover crop with pinto peanut and rice straw mulching on the physical and biological properties of soil as well as nutrient uptake of pomelo orchards.
{"title":"Soil fertility and pomelo yield influenced by soil conservation practices","authors":"Tran Van Dung, Le Van Dang, Ngo Phuong Ngoc, N. N. Hung","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0181","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Exchangeable cations and soil nutrients leach out/lost in the raised bed soils system through irrigation water and rainwater. Cover crops or crop residue mulching are considered sustainable agricultural measures because they prevent soil degradation and compaction and increase the soil ecological diversity. However, the impact of these on soil quality in fruit orchards in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is not well studied. The present work aimed to assess the effect of cover crops (grass, pinto peanut) and rice straw mulching on change in soil chemical properties and productivity of pomelo. The 3-year (2019–2021) field experiment was conducted at Phu Huu Commune, Chau Thanh District, Hau Giang Province, Vietnam. Four treatments, control (no-cover crop), grass cover crop, mulching with rice straw (MRS), and pinto peanut cover crop were used. Soil samples were collected from the depth of 0–20 and 20–40 cm for analyzing soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that MRS or cover crop by pinto peanut significantly decreased soil acidity in the topsoil layer. Soil fertility properties (TN, TP, AP, and SOM) at the depth 0–20 cm were greatly improved after the application of the mulched rice straw and cover crop by legume, thus improving pomelo yield. Further study is required to understand the effects of the cover crop with pinto peanut and rice straw mulching on the physical and biological properties of soil as well as nutrient uptake of pomelo orchards.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67231815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the challenges of the modern world is to improve human nutrition and to safely increase the yield of agricultural production using existing agricultural land. It is clear that sufficient agricultural efficiency cannot be achieved without fertilizers, but fertilizers must cause minimal damage to the soil. Microorganisms, such as spore-forming bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa play an important role in the soil and keep soil healthy. One of the soil substances involved in reactions that take place in plants is cellulose. This study investigated the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP), synthesized (via conversion between potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrophosphate) and granulated with the addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MC), on plants (winter wheat Toras, Lithuania) and soil microorganisms. The data of plants fertilized with pure KH2PO4, ones fertilized with PDP granulated with MC, and grown without fertilizers were compared in this study. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were used to characterize the obtained product. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences of the mean values between groups. In all cases, the significance level was p ≤ 0.05. The effect of pure KH2PO4 on plant indicators was found to be lower than that of granular PDP with MC. The length of the leaves was 29.63 and 31.20 cm, green mass was 0.471 and 0.763 g, ash mass was 0.015 and 0.019 g, respectively. In addition, granular PDP with MC did not adversely affect the soil microorganisms because the number of any species of bacteria (Spore b., mineral nitrogen assimilating bacteria, cellulose degrading bacteria) did not decrease and a slight increase in the number of Actinomycetes (from 8.5 × 105 to 2.9 × 106 KSV/g) and molds (from 3.0 × 104 to 1.4 × 105 KSV/g) was observed. The granular PDP with MC that we developed and used have better physical properties, higher agrochemical efficiency and cause less harm to soil microorganisms compared to pure PDP.
{"title":"Properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and its effects on plants and soil","authors":"K. Jančaitienė, R. Šlinkšienė, R. Žvirdauskienė","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the challenges of the modern world is to improve human nutrition and to safely increase the yield of agricultural production using existing agricultural land. It is clear that sufficient agricultural efficiency cannot be achieved without fertilizers, but fertilizers must cause minimal damage to the soil. Microorganisms, such as spore-forming bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa play an important role in the soil and keep soil healthy. One of the soil substances involved in reactions that take place in plants is cellulose. This study investigated the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP), synthesized (via conversion between potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrophosphate) and granulated with the addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MC), on plants (winter wheat Toras, Lithuania) and soil microorganisms. The data of plants fertilized with pure KH2PO4, ones fertilized with PDP granulated with MC, and grown without fertilizers were compared in this study. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were used to characterize the obtained product. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences of the mean values between groups. In all cases, the significance level was p ≤ 0.05. The effect of pure KH2PO4 on plant indicators was found to be lower than that of granular PDP with MC. The length of the leaves was 29.63 and 31.20 cm, green mass was 0.471 and 0.763 g, ash mass was 0.015 and 0.019 g, respectively. In addition, granular PDP with MC did not adversely affect the soil microorganisms because the number of any species of bacteria (Spore b., mineral nitrogen assimilating bacteria, cellulose degrading bacteria) did not decrease and a slight increase in the number of Actinomycetes (from 8.5 × 105 to 2.9 × 106 KSV/g) and molds (from 3.0 × 104 to 1.4 × 105 KSV/g) was observed. The granular PDP with MC that we developed and used have better physical properties, higher agrochemical efficiency and cause less harm to soil microorganisms compared to pure PDP.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45238091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Gugliuzza, C. Gentile, D. Scuderi, E. Palazzolo, V. Farina
Abstract High salt concentration is one of the main factors that affects plants’ growth, especially in urban areas. Many Mediterranean sclerophyllous species manifest high resistance to salt, although few information exists in the literature on Quercus ilex. The aim of this work was to evaluate the response of Q. ilex seedlings to salt stress conditions generated by an increasing concentration of sodium chloride on water supply irrigation. A 2-year experiment was conducted by using salt water at different concentrations (first year 50–100–200 and second year 75–150–300 mM NaCl). At increasing salt concentration, a plant growth reduction was registered in both years. Until 200 mM NaCl, the plants grew and did not show any visible damage on the leaves, while at 300 mM NaCl, all the plants died. Also, the photosynthetic rate decreased at increasing salt concentration. Sodium was accumulated in the plant parts and this accumulation occurred at the expense of potassium uptake.
摘要高盐浓度是影响植物生长的主要因素之一，尤其是在城市地区。许多地中海硬叶栎属物种表现出很高的耐盐性，尽管文献中关于冬青栎的信息很少。这项工作的目的是评估冬青幼苗对供水灌溉中氯化钠浓度增加所产生的盐胁迫条件的反应。通过使用不同浓度的盐水进行为期2年的实验（第一年50–100–200，第二年75–150–300 mM NaCl）。随着盐浓度的增加，这两年的植物生长都有所减少。直到200 mM NaCl，植物生长并且在叶片上没有显示出任何可见的损伤，而在300 mM NaCl，所有植物死亡。此外，光合速率随着盐浓度的增加而降低。钠在植物部分积累，这种积累是以钾吸收为代价的。
{"title":"Effects of salt stress on growth of Quercus ilex L. seedlings","authors":"G. Gugliuzza, C. Gentile, D. Scuderi, E. Palazzolo, V. Farina","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High salt concentration is one of the main factors that affects plants’ growth, especially in urban areas. Many Mediterranean sclerophyllous species manifest high resistance to salt, although few information exists in the literature on Quercus ilex. The aim of this work was to evaluate the response of Q. ilex seedlings to salt stress conditions generated by an increasing concentration of sodium chloride on water supply irrigation. A 2-year experiment was conducted by using salt water at different concentrations (first year 50–100–200 and second year 75–150–300 mM NaCl). At increasing salt concentration, a plant growth reduction was registered in both years. Until 200 mM NaCl, the plants grew and did not show any visible damage on the leaves, while at 300 mM NaCl, all the plants died. Also, the photosynthetic rate decreased at increasing salt concentration. Sodium was accumulated in the plant parts and this accumulation occurred at the expense of potassium uptake.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Machine-learning methodologies are part of the artificial intelligence approaches with several applications in different fields of science and dimensions of human life. These techniques appear in the frameworks of the digital transition, where smart technologies bring relevant contributions, such as improving the efficiency of the economic sectors. This is particularly important for sectors such as agriculture to deal with the challenges created in the context of climate changes. On the other hand, machine-learning approaches are not easy to implement, considering the complexity of the algorithms associated. Taking this into account, the main objective of this research is to present a model to predict fertiliser costs in the European Union (EU) farms through artificial neural network analysis. This assessment may provide relevant information for farmers and policymakers in the current scenario where the concerns are to identify strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts, including those from the agricultural sector and the respective use of chemical resources. To achieve these objectives, statistical information for the EU agricultural regions from the Farm Accountancy Data Network was considered for the period 2018–2020. The findings obtained show relative errors between 0.040 and 0.074 (showing good accuracy) and the importance of the total utilised agricultural area and the total output to predict the fertiliser costs.
{"title":"Fertiliser cost prediction in European Union farms: Machine-learning approaches through artificial neural networks","authors":"V. Martinho","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0191","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Machine-learning methodologies are part of the artificial intelligence approaches with several applications in different fields of science and dimensions of human life. These techniques appear in the frameworks of the digital transition, where smart technologies bring relevant contributions, such as improving the efficiency of the economic sectors. This is particularly important for sectors such as agriculture to deal with the challenges created in the context of climate changes. On the other hand, machine-learning approaches are not easy to implement, considering the complexity of the algorithms associated. Taking this into account, the main objective of this research is to present a model to predict fertiliser costs in the European Union (EU) farms through artificial neural network analysis. This assessment may provide relevant information for farmers and policymakers in the current scenario where the concerns are to identify strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts, including those from the agricultural sector and the respective use of chemical resources. To achieve these objectives, statistical information for the EU agricultural regions from the Farm Accountancy Data Network was considered for the period 2018–2020. The findings obtained show relative errors between 0.040 and 0.074 (showing good accuracy) and the importance of the total utilised agricultural area and the total output to predict the fertiliser costs.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47396528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Increased concerns for sustainable agriculture have led to increased use of beneficial rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Soil bacteria play a significant role in the nutrient cycle of soil, but their presence can be affected by abiotic stress, such as salinity. This study aimed to compare the chemical characteristics of slightly saline and non-saline rice soil and examine the bacterial community structure in both rhizosphere and bulk soil. We utilized 16SrRNA gene sequencing and performed arithmetic means clustering, a type of hierarchical clustering, on the samples collected from the rice fields of Cimrutu and Rawaapu Village in Cilacap Regency, Indonesia. Although the nutrient content was similar in both soils, there was a noticeable difference in their electrical conductivity (EC) despite the two locations being less than 4 km apart. The EC value in the Cimrutu soil suggests that it is non-saline, while the Rawaapu soil exhibits a low salinity level. The study found that Proteobacteria was the most prevalent phylum in saline rhizospheric soil. In contrast, Firmicutes was the most abundant group in saline bulk soil and non-saline rhizospheric and bulk soil. Additionally, Halothiobacillus, Thioalkalispira-Slvurivermis, and Acidothermus genera dominated the saline rhizospheric soil, suggesting that halotolerant microbes play a significant role as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in saline soil. The study provides valuable insights into cultured or uncultured bacterial populations and structure in saline and non-saline soil to develop future strategies related to salinity by introducing beneficial microbes.
{"title":"Diversity and structure of bacterial communities in saline and non-saline rice fields in Cilacap Regency, Indonesia","authors":"Reginawanti Hindersah, Etty Pratiwi, Yuli Siti Fatma, Tualar Simarmata","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increased concerns for sustainable agriculture have led to increased use of beneficial rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Soil bacteria play a significant role in the nutrient cycle of soil, but their presence can be affected by abiotic stress, such as salinity. This study aimed to compare the chemical characteristics of slightly saline and non-saline rice soil and examine the bacterial community structure in both rhizosphere and bulk soil. We utilized 16SrRNA gene sequencing and performed arithmetic means clustering, a type of hierarchical clustering, on the samples collected from the rice fields of Cimrutu and Rawaapu Village in Cilacap Regency, Indonesia. Although the nutrient content was similar in both soils, there was a noticeable difference in their electrical conductivity (EC) despite the two locations being less than 4 km apart. The EC value in the Cimrutu soil suggests that it is non-saline, while the Rawaapu soil exhibits a low salinity level. The study found that Proteobacteria was the most prevalent phylum in saline rhizospheric soil. In contrast, Firmicutes was the most abundant group in saline bulk soil and non-saline rhizospheric and bulk soil. Additionally, Halothiobacillus, Thioalkalispira-Slvurivermis, and Acidothermus genera dominated the saline rhizospheric soil, suggesting that halotolerant microbes play a significant role as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in saline soil. The study provides valuable insights into cultured or uncultured bacterial populations and structure in saline and non-saline soil to develop future strategies related to salinity by introducing beneficial microbes.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Jamil, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid, Darmawan Salman, Rahmadanih Rahmadanih
Abstract This study aims to examine the dynamics of subsidized fertilizer management in rice production areas in Sidrap and Wajo districts, South Sulawesi province. Using a case study approach with qualitative analysis, the study combined primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data derived from various studies and reports from government organizations. The results show that there is a considerable gap between the government’s fertilizer budget and farmers’ actual needs, leading to coverage of only 37%, thus forcing farmers to purchase more expensive non-subsidized fertilizers. The inefficient distribution system results in delays and scarcity. As a result, there will be market and price dualism between subsidized and non-subsidized markets, as well as subsidized and non-subsidized prices. Enforcement of pricing regulations faces hurdles due to the black market. In addition, farmers use the “foster father” system to obtain credit. To improve fertilizer management, the study recommends a multifaceted approach: increased budget allocation, efficient distribution, strong enforcement of pricing regulations, and innovative financing solutions such as the Tani Card. These strategies, along with improved inter-agency coordination, aim to address challenges and increase the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer policies.
{"title":"Subsidized fertilizer management in the rice production centers of South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Bridging the gap between policy and practice","authors":"Ali Jamil, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid, Darmawan Salman, Rahmadanih Rahmadanih","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to examine the dynamics of subsidized fertilizer management in rice production areas in Sidrap and Wajo districts, South Sulawesi province. Using a case study approach with qualitative analysis, the study combined primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data derived from various studies and reports from government organizations. The results show that there is a considerable gap between the government’s fertilizer budget and farmers’ actual needs, leading to coverage of only 37%, thus forcing farmers to purchase more expensive non-subsidized fertilizers. The inefficient distribution system results in delays and scarcity. As a result, there will be market and price dualism between subsidized and non-subsidized markets, as well as subsidized and non-subsidized prices. Enforcement of pricing regulations faces hurdles due to the black market. In addition, farmers use the “foster father” system to obtain credit. To improve fertilizer management, the study recommends a multifaceted approach: increased budget allocation, efficient distribution, strong enforcement of pricing regulations, and innovative financing solutions such as the Tani Card. These strategies, along with improved inter-agency coordination, aim to address challenges and increase the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer policies.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135662015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：