Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900402
R. Ahuja
The experience of dearth turning into famine, of crises of subsistence turning into crises of mortality, had shaped social and cultural practices in South Asia long before British domination. Nor did famines disappear under colonial capitalism. Transformations and higher levels of integration of the subcontinent’s political, economic and social structure merely changed the causes of famine. While malnutrition continued to be or even became endemic among the lower classes of many regions, hundreds of thousands and sometimes millions of Indians died in major famines between 1769-70 and 1943.~ Yet famines not only extinguished
{"title":"State formation and 'famine policy' in early colonial south India","authors":"R. Ahuja","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900402","url":null,"abstract":"The experience of dearth turning into famine, of crises of subsistence turning into crises of mortality, had shaped social and cultural practices in South Asia long before British domination. Nor did famines disappear under colonial capitalism. Transformations and higher levels of integration of the subcontinent’s political, economic and social structure merely changed the causes of famine. While malnutrition continued to be or even became endemic among the lower classes of many regions, hundreds of thousands and sometimes millions of Indians died in major famines between 1769-70 and 1943.~ Yet famines not only extinguished","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79289492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900406
B. Metcalf
This volume will be of interest to anyone concerned with the role of the traditionally educated Islamic leadership, the ’lama, in colonial India. It is comprised of eight articles, of which one, &dquo;Abd al-Bari and the Events of January 1926’, is new to this volume; the others were published between 1984 and 1997. Five of the articles focus on the Lucknow-based Farangi Mahalli family of llama. For these Robinson utilises official sources as well as the rich sources of family memory and written records, including a short-lived journal and Urdu biographies and biographical dictionaries composed in the middle decades of the twentieth century. Three of the articles have a larger focus. One deals with India as part of a larger ’PersoIslamic’ cultural area. Another compares the roles of the lama in Dutch Indonesia and British India. The third identifies the shared scholarly and mystical worlds of the early modern Muslim empires. The studies are informed by the great breadth and learning Robinson has honed over the years, not only through his specialised research on modern Indian history, but also through his production of two excellent encyclopaedic works, the Atlas of the Islamic World since 1500 ( 1980) and the Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World (1997). The articles on Farangi Mahall deal with the family’s intellectual and spiritual role, the institutions that supported them, and their activities as leading national political figures in the decade after the First World War. Although present in India since the early years of the Delhi Sultanate, Farangi Mahallis emerged as intellectual leaders in the early eighteenth century. Early in the century, they received
{"title":"Book Reviews : FRANCIS ROBINSON, The 'Ulama of Farangi Mahall and Islamic Culture in South Asia, Delhi, Permanent Black, 2001, pp. 267","authors":"B. Metcalf","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900406","url":null,"abstract":"This volume will be of interest to anyone concerned with the role of the traditionally educated Islamic leadership, the ’lama, in colonial India. It is comprised of eight articles, of which one, &dquo;Abd al-Bari and the Events of January 1926’, is new to this volume; the others were published between 1984 and 1997. Five of the articles focus on the Lucknow-based Farangi Mahalli family of llama. For these Robinson utilises official sources as well as the rich sources of family memory and written records, including a short-lived journal and Urdu biographies and biographical dictionaries composed in the middle decades of the twentieth century. Three of the articles have a larger focus. One deals with India as part of a larger ’PersoIslamic’ cultural area. Another compares the roles of the lama in Dutch Indonesia and British India. The third identifies the shared scholarly and mystical worlds of the early modern Muslim empires. The studies are informed by the great breadth and learning Robinson has honed over the years, not only through his specialised research on modern Indian history, but also through his production of two excellent encyclopaedic works, the Atlas of the Islamic World since 1500 ( 1980) and the Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World (1997). The articles on Farangi Mahall deal with the family’s intellectual and spiritual role, the institutions that supported them, and their activities as leading national political figures in the decade after the First World War. Although present in India since the early years of the Delhi Sultanate, Farangi Mahallis emerged as intellectual leaders in the early eighteenth century. Early in the century, they received","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83787850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900403
J. Flores
The history of Asian port cities during the early modem period has made undeniable progress of late, as demonstrated by a number of collective works published during recent decades.’ Some of these advances have gone hand in hand with systematic research into maritime establishments built along European lines and which, in the most evident cases, led to successful colonial cities that acted as genuine anchoring points for the various European empires. Just to mention the British colonial experience in the subcontinent, Madras, Bombay and Calcutta are all outstanding examples of this phenomenon. 2
{"title":"Relic or Springboard? A note on the 'rebirth' of Portuguese Hughli, ca. 1632-1820","authors":"J. Flores","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900403","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Asian port cities during the early modem period has made undeniable progress of late, as demonstrated by a number of collective works published during recent decades.’ Some of these advances have gone hand in hand with systematic research into maritime establishments built along European lines and which, in the most evident cases, led to successful colonial cities that acted as genuine anchoring points for the various European empires. Just to mention the British colonial experience in the subcontinent, Madras, Bombay and Calcutta are all outstanding examples of this phenomenon. 2","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84141621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900209
A. R. Venkatachalapathy
* A longer Tamil version of the essay is published in my Anta Kalathil Kappi Illai Mudalana Aaivu Katturaigal, Nagercoil, 2000. Earlier English versions were presented at Wagamon, Hyderabad, Tirunelveli, Chennai, Paris, Chicago, New York and London. K.N. Panikkar, M.S.S. Pandian and Barney Bate provided detailed criticisms. Partha Chatterjee, Norman Cutler, Valentine Daniel, Nicholas Dirks, Steve Hughes, Sarah Hodges and Sheldon Pollock provided comments. While they are exonerated from all blame, I hope my paper has benefitted from their criticism. Lastly, I am most grateful to M.L. Thangappa and Ci.Su. Mani, two of the most perceptive observers of Tamil culture, who responded, ’Interesting! But what’s new?’ All translations from Tamil sources
{"title":"'In those days there was no coffee': Coffee-drinking and middle-class culture in colonial Tamilnadu","authors":"A. R. Venkatachalapathy","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900209","url":null,"abstract":"* A longer Tamil version of the essay is published in my Anta Kalathil Kappi Illai Mudalana Aaivu Katturaigal, Nagercoil, 2000. Earlier English versions were presented at Wagamon, Hyderabad, Tirunelveli, Chennai, Paris, Chicago, New York and London. K.N. Panikkar, M.S.S. Pandian and Barney Bate provided detailed criticisms. Partha Chatterjee, Norman Cutler, Valentine Daniel, Nicholas Dirks, Steve Hughes, Sarah Hodges and Sheldon Pollock provided comments. While they are exonerated from all blame, I hope my paper has benefitted from their criticism. Lastly, I am most grateful to M.L. Thangappa and Ci.Su. Mani, two of the most perceptive observers of Tamil culture, who responded, ’Interesting! But what’s new?’ All translations from Tamil sources","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78081696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900205
S. Subrahmanyam
This essay attempts to understand the transition to colonial rule in South India between the mid-eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries through an examination of three contrasting European figures who were present there in those times. The method is a time-honoured one, even if it had fallen into discredit for a time on account of the fashionable distaste for ’biography’ as a pursuit of the historian, as well as the idea that the colonial (or would-be colonial) elites were not really worthy of the historian’s attention .3 If there is some novelty to recommend it, it must lie in the choice of the figures themselves, here a French entrepreneur and military commander, a Portuguese ecclesiastic and inveterate maker of unfinished projects, and a Scotsman who eventually participated as an East India Company
{"title":"Profiles in transition: Of adventurers and administrators in south India, 1750-1810 1","authors":"S. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900205","url":null,"abstract":"This essay attempts to understand the transition to colonial rule in South India between the mid-eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries through an examination of three contrasting European figures who were present there in those times. The method is a time-honoured one, even if it had fallen into discredit for a time on account of the fashionable distaste for ’biography’ as a pursuit of the historian, as well as the idea that the colonial (or would-be colonial) elites were not really worthy of the historian’s attention .3 If there is some novelty to recommend it, it must lie in the choice of the figures themselves, here a French entrepreneur and military commander, a Portuguese ecclesiastic and inveterate maker of unfinished projects, and a Scotsman who eventually participated as an East India Company","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91054680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900201
S. Subrahmanyam
{"title":"Making sense of Indian historiography","authors":"S. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72935687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900208
Tirthankar Roy
Throughout the twentieth century, the handloom weaving industry was stronger in south India than in northern India. In 1936, an economist and authority on handlooms identified three reasons for the relative prosperity of weaving in Madras compared to that in northern India. These were, the existence of local spinning mills that catered to the weavers, better yarn-dyeing by weavers and expert handling of coloured yam, and an export trade from the eastern coast in Madras Hand-
{"title":"Madras handkerchiefs in the interwar period","authors":"Tirthankar Roy","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900208","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the twentieth century, the handloom weaving industry was stronger in south India than in northern India. In 1936, an economist and authority on handlooms identified three reasons for the relative prosperity of weaving in Madras compared to that in northern India. These were, the existence of local spinning mills that catered to the weavers, better yarn-dyeing by weavers and expert handling of coloured yam, and an export trade from the eastern coast in Madras Hand-","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74799935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900207
T. Mizushima
In November 1874, when the new raiyatwari settlement was in progress, R.W. Barlow, the Collector of Chingleput District in the Madras Presidency, submitted a report to the Madras Board of Revenue. The report was on the ’evils arising from the Mirassi tenures ... the heavy coercive process resulting therefrom, and the measures I propose as the remedy’.’ Barlow, who was apparently having a difficult time in enforcing the new rtii-vtitwari settlement, listed the following four causes for explaining ’the unsatisfactory relations’ between mirasidars and payakaris (non-rnirasidars) and ’the frequent occurrences of the false complaints of trespass, theft, robbery, and even arson’,
{"title":"From mirasidar to pattadar: South India in the late nineteenth century","authors":"T. Mizushima","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900207","url":null,"abstract":"In November 1874, when the new raiyatwari settlement was in progress, R.W. Barlow, the Collector of Chingleput District in the Madras Presidency, submitted a report to the Madras Board of Revenue. The report was on the ’evils arising from the Mirassi tenures ... the heavy coercive process resulting therefrom, and the measures I propose as the remedy’.’ Barlow, who was apparently having a difficult time in enforcing the new rtii-vtitwari settlement, listed the following four causes for explaining ’the unsatisfactory relations’ between mirasidars and payakaris (non-rnirasidars) and ’the frequent occurrences of the false complaints of trespass, theft, robbery, and even arson’,","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91151279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900206
D. Ludden
The national imagination has had a long, productive career as our guide to historical research, but other modes of thought now need more nurturing. National maps mechanise research by putting all our data in their pre-assigned place. Spaces that elude the national sensibility disappear when scholars heap data from all times and places into national containers. All histories of the peoples in the world currently appear in the cage of some national past or another, but some need their own space. It is a pressing challenge to imagine at least some history in nonnational terms, particularly for scholars who want to write about old geographies that became spectres in a world of nations. These old geographies are spectral in several senses. Archaic and out of place in the present, they seem imaginary and only make sense inside routines of national mapping. Some are quaint and benign but others are scary spooks that conjure up places outside the national order of things. Eerie ghosts emerge when old geographies refuse to die yet resist substantiation. Some old and barely visible regions of human activity remain vital for people inside them. Spaces that offend national sensibilities stimulate intense cartographic anxiety, as for example among the Indian officials who censor and regulate the circulation of maps depicting ’border areas’ and ’sensitive regions’. Pakhtun territory, Bengali Assam, and Tamil IndoLanka are but three of the many old historical spaces whose living legacies haunt nations in South Asia.
{"title":"Spectres of agrarian territory in southern India","authors":"D. Ludden","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900206","url":null,"abstract":"The national imagination has had a long, productive career as our guide to historical research, but other modes of thought now need more nurturing. National maps mechanise research by putting all our data in their pre-assigned place. Spaces that elude the national sensibility disappear when scholars heap data from all times and places into national containers. All histories of the peoples in the world currently appear in the cage of some national past or another, but some need their own space. It is a pressing challenge to imagine at least some history in nonnational terms, particularly for scholars who want to write about old geographies that became spectres in a world of nations. These old geographies are spectral in several senses. Archaic and out of place in the present, they seem imaginary and only make sense inside routines of national mapping. Some are quaint and benign but others are scary spooks that conjure up places outside the national order of things. Eerie ghosts emerge when old geographies refuse to die yet resist substantiation. Some old and barely visible regions of human activity remain vital for people inside them. Spaces that offend national sensibilities stimulate intense cartographic anxiety, as for example among the Indian officials who censor and regulate the circulation of maps depicting ’border areas’ and ’sensitive regions’. Pakhtun territory, Bengali Assam, and Tamil IndoLanka are but three of the many old historical spaces whose living legacies haunt nations in South Asia.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90106012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460203900203
J. F. Richards
As Erskine Perry, one of the Bombay justices sitting on this and associated suits, later wrote: ’It has been a practice, for many years past, with the wealthy native merchants of India, to speculate on the price which the opium to be sold by Government, at their first periodical sale of the season, would produce’ .’ Each year two dominant syndicates formed-one betting on a higher price per chest and one betting on a lower price. Determined to recoup after suffering large losses in earlier years, Ramlal Thakursidas headed the ’Tejiwallahs’ or high price syndicate in 1846. When on 26 August Government published its intention to auction 1,690 chests of Patna opium on 23 November, Ramlal’s syndicate began offering
{"title":"The opium industry in British India","authors":"J. F. Richards","doi":"10.1177/001946460203900203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900203","url":null,"abstract":"As Erskine Perry, one of the Bombay justices sitting on this and associated suits, later wrote: ’It has been a practice, for many years past, with the wealthy native merchants of India, to speculate on the price which the opium to be sold by Government, at their first periodical sale of the season, would produce’ .’ Each year two dominant syndicates formed-one betting on a higher price per chest and one betting on a lower price. Determined to recoup after suffering large losses in earlier years, Ramlal Thakursidas headed the ’Tejiwallahs’ or high price syndicate in 1846. When on 26 August Government published its intention to auction 1,690 chests of Patna opium on 23 November, Ramlal’s syndicate began offering","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81604666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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