Pub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000402
V. Saravanan
The article attempts to highlight the colonial commercial forest policy vis-à-vis tribal private forests in the Kalrayan hills of Salem and Baramahal region of Madras Presidency during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (1792-1881). Further, it analyses the different strategies employed by the colonial government to encroach upon private forests, dis regarding the traditional rights of the tribals. It concludes that the British administration intruded into tribal areas merely to bring the abundant forest resources under its sole control to further commercial interests, and not to protect them from the contractors or preserve the environment.
{"title":"Colonial commercial forest policy and tribal private forests in Madras Presidency: 1792-1881","authors":"V. Saravanan","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000402","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to highlight the colonial commercial forest policy vis-à-vis tribal private forests in the Kalrayan hills of Salem and Baramahal region of Madras Presidency during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (1792-1881). Further, it analyses the different strategies employed by the colonial government to encroach upon private forests, dis regarding the traditional rights of the tribals. It concludes that the British administration intruded into tribal areas merely to bring the abundant forest resources under its sole control to further commercial interests, and not to protect them from the contractors or preserve the environment.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"403 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83192617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000307
Gautam Chakravarty
sources indicate that they had some impact on the organisation of commercial manufacture in the period covered by the book. Textile artisans, especially those producing high-value fabrics, apparently settled often in palaiyams, that is, the fortified strongholds of palaiyakkarar. Elsewhere, we find that palaiyakkarar were also concerned with protecting property and were the agents of a regional penal regime. One would have to look closely at quotidian practices of domination not only of regional but also of local south Indian authorities in order to reconstruct ancien regime state attitudes towards labour. The results of such enquiries may well disappoint the seekers of ’pre-colonial innocence’. The good news is, however, that there is much scope for further research on the ’transition to a colonial
{"title":"Book Reviews : KATHLEEN TAYLOR, Sir John Woodroffe, Tantra and Bengal: 'An Indian Soul in a European Body', Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001, pp. 319","authors":"Gautam Chakravarty","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000307","url":null,"abstract":"sources indicate that they had some impact on the organisation of commercial manufacture in the period covered by the book. Textile artisans, especially those producing high-value fabrics, apparently settled often in palaiyams, that is, the fortified strongholds of palaiyakkarar. Elsewhere, we find that palaiyakkarar were also concerned with protecting property and were the agents of a regional penal regime. One would have to look closely at quotidian practices of domination not only of regional but also of local south Indian authorities in order to reconstruct ancien regime state attitudes towards labour. The results of such enquiries may well disappoint the seekers of ’pre-colonial innocence’. The good news is, however, that there is much scope for further research on the ’transition to a colonial","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"373 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000303
D. Kooiman
In the interaction between Indian princes and British political officers, ceremonial played a prominent part, especially in forms of salutation and seating arrangements. Hence, the question of a British Resident, quoted in the title of this article, on the proper ceremonial at a Maharaja's visit. The Political Departmentfelt convinced that ceremonial, 'a bit of bunting' in Lord Lytton's patronising words, met a deeply felt oriental need for pomp and circumstance. Some officers, however, acknowledged that in princely states, the maintenance of regal splendour could be more important than sound administration. Similar shades of opinion can be found among social scientists studying court ceremonial. Is ceremonial the hand- maiden of political power or is it rather the other way round?
{"title":"Meeting at the threshold, at the edge of the carpet or somewhere in between? Questions of ceremonial in princely India","authors":"D. Kooiman","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000303","url":null,"abstract":"In the interaction between Indian princes and British political officers, ceremonial played a prominent part, especially in forms of salutation and seating arrangements. Hence, the question of a British Resident, quoted in the title of this article, on the proper ceremonial at a Maharaja's visit. The Political Departmentfelt convinced that ceremonial, 'a bit of bunting' in Lord Lytton's patronising words, met a deeply felt oriental need for pomp and circumstance. Some officers, however, acknowledged that in princely states, the maintenance of regal splendour could be more important than sound administration. Similar shades of opinion can be found among social scientists studying court ceremonial. Is ceremonial the hand- maiden of political power or is it rather the other way round?","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"311 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000304
S. Blackburn
Drawing on field recordings and recent scholarship on social memory, this article analyses colonial contacts and oral histories in Arunachal Pradesh, in northeast India. It argues that, despite its geographic and cultural isolation, Arunachal did not escape the armed conflict that dominated relations between tribes and external authorities during the colonial period. Two events and their causes are examined: the first visit by a British official to a tribe in 1897; and the raid on a military outpost by tribesmen in 1948. Comparing written histories and documents with local stories about these events, the author demonstrates the need for oral histories.
{"title":"Colonial contact in the 'hidden land': Oral history among the Apatanis of Arunachal Pradesh","authors":"S. Blackburn","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000304","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on field recordings and recent scholarship on social memory, this article analyses colonial contacts and oral histories in Arunachal Pradesh, in northeast India. It argues that, despite its geographic and cultural isolation, Arunachal did not escape the armed conflict that dominated relations between tribes and external authorities during the colonial period. Two events and their causes are examined: the first visit by a British official to a tribe in 1897; and the raid on a military outpost by tribesmen in 1948. Comparing written histories and documents with local stories about these events, the author demonstrates the need for oral histories.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"335 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000305
Janaki Nair
{"title":"Book Reviews : NANDINI GOOPTU, The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth Century India. Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. xxiii + 464","authors":"Janaki Nair","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"367 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000301
H. Tieken
The reconstruction of the early history of Tamilnadu has been based mainly on the so- called Cankam poetry. This poetry is generally taken to provide descriptions of Tamilnadu by contemporary poets during the period before the rise of the Pallavas and the introduction of Sanskrit culture in the South. However, the argument is basically circular, that is to say, Cankam poetry is dated before the Pallavas because it does not mention the Pallavas and describes a purely indigenous culture which is hardly touched by Sanskrit culture. In the present article it will be argued that Cankam poetry does not describe a contemporary soci ety or the poets' own culture, but a society from the past, or life in small, primitive villages which are far removed from the poets' own cosmopolitan milieu. This means that Cankam poetry is to be dated after the period it describes. On closer consideration, we appear to be dealing with certain literary genres borrowed from the North Indian Kâvya tradition, more in particular with compositions which are typically not written in Sanskrit but in Prâkrit or Apabhramśa. In Cankam literature, the regional Tamil language has been assigned the role of a Prâkrit. This use of Tamil we otherwise meet in the inscriptions of the Pântiyas of the eighth or ninth century and only in the inscriptions of that dynasty. This suggests that Cankam poetry was composed by the same poets who were responsible for the Velvikudi and Dalavaypuram inscriptions of the Pântiyas. As such, it is no longer possible to use this poetry for the reconstruction of the early history of Tamilnadu. On the other hand, Cankam poetry does supply interesting material for the study of the cultural politics of a newly arisen regional dynasty in eighth-century South India.
{"title":"Old Tamil Cahkam literature and the so-called Cankam period","authors":"H. Tieken","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000301","url":null,"abstract":"The reconstruction of the early history of Tamilnadu has been based mainly on the so- called Cankam poetry. This poetry is generally taken to provide descriptions of Tamilnadu by contemporary poets during the period before the rise of the Pallavas and the introduction of Sanskrit culture in the South. However, the argument is basically circular, that is to say, Cankam poetry is dated before the Pallavas because it does not mention the Pallavas and describes a purely indigenous culture which is hardly touched by Sanskrit culture. In the present article it will be argued that Cankam poetry does not describe a contemporary soci ety or the poets' own culture, but a society from the past, or life in small, primitive villages which are far removed from the poets' own cosmopolitan milieu. This means that Cankam poetry is to be dated after the period it describes. On closer consideration, we appear to be dealing with certain literary genres borrowed from the North Indian Kâvya tradition, more in particular with compositions which are typically not written in Sanskrit but in Prâkrit or Apabhramśa. In Cankam literature, the regional Tamil language has been assigned the role of a Prâkrit. This use of Tamil we otherwise meet in the inscriptions of the Pântiyas of the eighth or ninth century and only in the inscriptions of that dynasty. This suggests that Cankam poetry was composed by the same poets who were responsible for the Velvikudi and Dalavaypuram inscriptions of the Pântiyas. As such, it is no longer possible to use this poetry for the reconstruction of the early history of Tamilnadu. On the other hand, Cankam poetry does supply interesting material for the study of the cultural politics of a newly arisen regional dynasty in eighth-century South India.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"247 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000302
Awadhendra Sharan
This article seeks to unpack the administrative and knowledge practices through which the community of Depressed Classes/Scheduled Castes was delineated in colonial Bihar. It does so by examining both the distinctions that were posed between Untouchables and the upper castes, and between them and the Criminal Tribes. Four fields are examined with respect to the marking of these boundaries-social/religious, law and order, education, and political representation. This article argues that right through the colonial period, there remained a great deal of ambiguity about how to distinguish lower castes from tribes, unclean castes from Untouchables and these from the Depressed Classes, ambiguities that were consequent upon the particular enumerative exercise being undertaken.
{"title":"From caste to category: Colonial knowledge practices and the Depressed/Scheduled Castes of Bihar","authors":"Awadhendra Sharan","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000302","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to unpack the administrative and knowledge practices through which the community of Depressed Classes/Scheduled Castes was delineated in colonial Bihar. It does so by examining both the distinctions that were posed between Untouchables and the upper castes, and between them and the Criminal Tribes. Four fields are examined with respect to the marking of these boundaries-social/religious, law and order, education, and political representation. This article argues that right through the colonial period, there remained a great deal of ambiguity about how to distinguish lower castes from tribes, unclean castes from Untouchables and these from the Depressed Classes, ambiguities that were consequent upon the particular enumerative exercise being undertaken.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"279 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000306
R. Ahuja
spatial mobility and strong bargaining position of artisans in south India and the ’labour policies’ of the pre-colonial and colonial regimes. Since most eighteenthcentury studies have so far focused, as Parthasarathi points out correctly, on intermediary and mercantile groups of Indian society, the exploration of each of these themes is crucial for a more comprehensive analysis of the ’transition to a colonial
{"title":"Book Reviews : PRASANNAN PARTHASARATHI, The Transition to a Colonial Economy: Weavers, Mer chants and Kings in South India, 1720-1800 (Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society 7), Cambridge, CUP, 2001, pp. xii + 165","authors":"R. Ahuja","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000306","url":null,"abstract":"spatial mobility and strong bargaining position of artisans in south India and the ’labour policies’ of the pre-colonial and colonial regimes. Since most eighteenthcentury studies have so far focused, as Parthasarathi points out correctly, on intermediary and mercantile groups of Indian society, the exploration of each of these themes is crucial for a more comprehensive analysis of the ’transition to a colonial","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"370 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000203
Rimli Bhattacharya
In this article I shall be bringing together several otherwise disparate histories of nineteenth- century Bengal: of migrant women turning to some form of prostitution; of traditions of women performers active in Calcutta from the eighteenth century; and finally , that of representation and female impersonation among the upper-class practitioners of private theatricals (1830s-60s). With the induction of women as actresses in 1873, there appears to be a point of no return in men playing the women's parts on the Bengali public stage. I suggest that this should not be read as a sudden break, but rather as a 'resolution' of contradictions, dilemmas and anxieties evident in the histories outlined above. A useful but neglected perspective on this trajectory emerges from the relationship of gender to genre and musical forms: this article seeks to initiate such an inquiry.
{"title":"The nautee in 'the second city of the Empire'","authors":"Rimli Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000203","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I shall be bringing together several otherwise disparate histories of nineteenth- century Bengal: of migrant women turning to some form of prostitution; of traditions of women performers active in Calcutta from the eighteenth century; and finally , that of representation and female impersonation among the upper-class practitioners of private theatricals (1830s-60s). With the induction of women as actresses in 1873, there appears to be a point of no return in men playing the women's parts on the Bengali public stage. I suggest that this should not be read as a sudden break, but rather as a 'resolution' of contradictions, dilemmas and anxieties evident in the histories outlined above. A useful but neglected perspective on this trajectory emerges from the relationship of gender to genre and musical forms: this article seeks to initiate such an inquiry.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"191 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64785985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.1177/001946460304000204
Iqbal Ghani Khan
This is a volume that extends Prof. Kolff’s interest in the military labour market to wider horizons through a collection of several articles. The introduction by .Gommans and Kolff offers a competent survey of all the major writing on military revolutions in the West, as well as in the East, put out over the last 80 years or so. The editors feel perhaps a little apologetic about sounding Eurocentric when setting south Asian history against the Western experiences described and developed so rigorously by Geoffery Parker, Lynn-White Jr., Carlo Cipolla, John Gilmartin, Michael Roberts et al. Comparative history is, however, a fairly acceptable proposition. What is often crucial is the lack of the kind of evidence that is available to the researchers in European history. Moreover, more technical studies are needed on the chemistry of the explosives, the metallurgy of the weaponry, the architecture of fortifications, systems of transport before we branch into linkages with anthropology, etc. The era covered by this book, i.e., 1000-1800 AD is chosen because the first
{"title":"Book Reviews : J.L. GOMMANS and D.H.A. KOLFF, eds, Warfare and Weaponry in South Asia: 1000-1800, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 395","authors":"Iqbal Ghani Khan","doi":"10.1177/001946460304000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000204","url":null,"abstract":"This is a volume that extends Prof. Kolff’s interest in the military labour market to wider horizons through a collection of several articles. The introduction by .Gommans and Kolff offers a competent survey of all the major writing on military revolutions in the West, as well as in the East, put out over the last 80 years or so. The editors feel perhaps a little apologetic about sounding Eurocentric when setting south Asian history against the Western experiences described and developed so rigorously by Geoffery Parker, Lynn-White Jr., Carlo Cipolla, John Gilmartin, Michael Roberts et al. Comparative history is, however, a fairly acceptable proposition. What is often crucial is the lack of the kind of evidence that is available to the researchers in European history. Moreover, more technical studies are needed on the chemistry of the explosives, the metallurgy of the weaponry, the architecture of fortifications, systems of transport before we branch into linkages with anthropology, etc. The era covered by this book, i.e., 1000-1800 AD is chosen because the first","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"237 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460304000204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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