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South to north investment linkages and decent work in Brazil 南北投资联系和巴西的体面工作
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12239
Patrick Wagner, Damian Raess

Over the last 25 years, the BRICs asserted themselves as drivers of globalization. But what does their new-found prominence mean for working conditions at home? Using a novel sub-national database covering outward investment linkages and working conditions in Brazilian municipalities, this study tests whether a direct investment in Europe leads to the introduction of decent working conditions in Brazil. The empirical results provide strong support for the investing-up effect using a mixture of panel data analysis and text analysis. The results suggest that economic integration with high-standard developed countries can act as a powerful mechanism for labor standard improvements in developing countries.

在过去的25年里,金砖四国宣称自己是全球化的推动者。但是,他们新获得的突出地位对国内的工作环境意味着什么呢?本研究使用了一个涵盖巴西城市对外投资联系和工作条件的新型次国家级数据库,测试了在欧洲的直接投资是否会导致巴西引入体面的工作条件。采用面板数据分析和文本分析相结合的实证结果为投资效应提供了强有力的支持。研究结果表明,与高标准发达国家的经济一体化可以作为发展中国家提高劳动标准的有力机制。
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引用次数: 0
Automation, robots and wage inequality in Germany: A decomposition analysis 德国的自动化、机器人和工资不平等:一个分解分析
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12236
Franziska Brall, Ramona Schmid

We conduct a decomposition analysis based on recentred influence function (RIF) regressions to disentangle the relative importance of automation and robotization for wage inequality in the manufacturing sector in Germany between 1996 and 2017. Our measure of automation threat combines occupation-specific scores of automation risk with sector-specific robot densities. We find that besides changes in the composition of individual characteristics, structural shifts among different automation threat groups are a non-negligible factor associated with wage inequality between 1996 and 2017. Moreover, the increase in wage dispersion among the different automation threat groups has contributed significantly to higher wage inequality in the 1990s and 2000s.

我们分析了1996年至2017年德国制造业自动化和机器人化的提高是如何以及通过哪些渠道影响工资不平等的。结合各种不同个人、企业和行业特征的丰富关联的雇主-雇员数据,以及工业机器人和职业自动化概率的数据,我们能够理清德国工资不平等变化背后的不同潜在原因。我们将基于Oaxaca-Blinder (OB)分解的重中心影响函数(RIF)回归应用于几个不平等指数,并发现证据表明,除了年龄和教育等个人特征外,自动化和机器人化的提高对德国的工资不平等也有显著贡献。劳动力构成向自动化威胁较低或中等的职业的结构性转变导致了更高的工资不平等,这在整个考虑的时间段内都是可以观察到的。自动化对工资结构的影响在20世纪90年代和21世纪初导致了更高的不平等,而在最近的一段时间内,它对工资分配的上层有显著的减少不平等的影响。JEL分类:J31, C21, D63, O30
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引用次数: 0
An event study analysis of the effects of collective bargaining legislation on strike outcomes 集体谈判立法对罢工结果影响的事件研究分析
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12237
Michele Campolieti

I consider the effects of legislation for conciliation and cooling-off periods, which were introduced in the Canadian Industrial Disputes and Investigation Act of 1907, on strike duration and person-days lost to strikes. I estimate the effects of this legislation on strike duration and persons-days lost to strikes using bargaining pair level data from 1901 to 1915 with a differences-in-difference model as well as an event study methodology. Both of these methodologies exploit variation in legislative coverage because there were some industries that were not covered by the legislation, and so were untreated.

我考虑了1907年《加拿大工业纠纷和调查法》中引入的调解和冷静期立法对罢工持续时间和罢工造成的人日损失的影响。我使用1901年至1915年的议价对水平数据,采用差异中差异模型和事件研究方法,估计了这项立法对罢工持续时间和罢工损失的人-日的影响。这两种方法都利用了立法覆盖范围的变化,因为有些行业没有被立法覆盖,因此没有得到处理。
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引用次数: 0
Making activation for young welfare recipients mandatory 强制要求年轻福利领取者激活
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12238
Espen S. Dahl, Øystein Hernaes

Activation policies to promote self-sufficiency among recipients of welfare and other types of benefits are becoming more common in many welfare states. We evaluate a law change in Norway making welfare receipt conditional on participation in an activation program for all welfare recipients below the age of 30. Analysing the program's staggered implementation across municipalities with several modern event study estimators, we estimate that the law change had quite precise 0-effects on benefit receipt, work and education. We also do not find any effects on the probability of being out of work or of being in employment, education or labour market programs. Qualitative evidence suggests that the zero effect may be due to the law change only impacting the participation of recipients with low expected gain from activation.

在许多福利州,促进福利和其他类型福利领取者自给自足的激活政策越来越普遍。我们评估了挪威的一项法律变更,该法律规定福利领取以参加针对所有30岁以下福利领取者的激活计划为条件。我们用几个现代事件研究估算器分析了该计划在各市镇的交错实施情况,估计法律变化对福利领取、工作和教育产生了相当精确的0影响。我们也没有发现对失业或就业、教育或劳动力市场计划的可能性有任何影响。定性证据表明,零效应可能是由于法律变化只影响了预期激活收益较低的接受者的参与。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of chronic migraine on labour productivity: Evidence from Italy 慢性偏头痛对劳动生产率的影响:来自意大利的证据
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12230
Sandro Rondinella, Damiano B. Silipo

We use the Italian Statistical Institute survey that comprises about 80,000 questionnaires representative of the overall population between 15 and 90 years old to estimate the impact of chronic migraine on absenteeism and labour productivity. Using an ordinary least squares method to determine the direct effect of chronic migraine on labour productivity, we show that a 10 per cent increase in the number of people with chronic migraine increases absenteeism by 11 per cent and reduces labour productivity by 1.1 per cent per year. However, the effects of chronic migraine on absenteeism and labour productivity vary substantially between regions and sectors. Also, the comorbidity of chronic migraine with other illnesses, especially psychological illnesses, contributes to decreasing labour productivity. Most important, the results obtained at the micro level are similar and even more robust at the macro level. The results refer to a specific country, but we claim they can apply to other countries.

我们使用意大利统计研究所的调查,其中包括约80,000份代表15至90岁总人口的问卷,以估计慢性偏头痛对缺勤和劳动生产率的影响。使用普通的最小二乘法来确定慢性偏头痛对劳动生产率的直接影响,我们表明,慢性偏头痛患者人数每增加10%,每年缺勤率就会增加11%,劳动生产率下降1.1%。然而,慢性偏头痛对缺勤率和劳动生产率的影响在不同地区和部门之间差别很大。此外,慢性偏头痛与其他疾病的合并症,特别是心理疾病,有助于降低劳动生产率。最重要的是,在微观层面上获得的结果是相似的,甚至在宏观层面上更加稳健。这些结果只针对一个特定的国家,但我们声称它们可以适用于其他国家。
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引用次数: 0
Living and Dying on the Factory Floor: From the Outside In and the Inside Out 《工厂里的生与死:由外而内与由内而外
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-9061703
John Tully
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引用次数: 1
They Didn't See Us Coming: The Hidden History of Feminism in the Nineties 他们没有看到我们的到来:九十年代女权主义的隐藏历史
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-9061661
T. Carroll
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引用次数: 4
Public kindergarten, maternal labor supply, and earnings in the longer run: Too little too late? 公立幼儿园、产妇劳动力供给、长期收益:太少太晚?
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3504734
Emilia Soldani
| Labour. 2021;35:214–263. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/labr The gap between male and female labor force participation (LFP) in the United States is largely driven by the low participation rate of women who have children. For example, based on American Community Survey data, at age thirty the difference in LFP between women with and without children is about 80% of the 9% points gap between male and female.1 Figure 1 shows that this difference exists in other age ranges as well. Survey evidence attributes the low LFP of mothers to the high opportunity costs of working, and the need to find alternative arrangements for their children while they are at work.2 What portion of the DOI: 10.1111/labr.12195
[j] .劳工。2021;35:214-263。wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/labr美国男女劳动力参与率(LFP)的差距很大程度上是由育有子女的女性参与率低造成的。例如,根据美国社区调查(American Community Survey)的数据,在30岁时,有孩子和没有孩子的女性之间的LFP差异约为男性和女性之间9%差距的80%图1显示了在其他年龄范围中也存在这种差异。调查证据将母亲的低LFP归因于工作的高机会成本,以及在工作期间需要为孩子寻找其他安排DOI: 10.1111/lab .12195的哪一部分
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引用次数: 0
Magnificent Fight: The 1919 Winnipeg General StrikeDirect Action Gets the Goods: A Graphic History of the Strike in Canada1919: A Graphic History of the Winnipeg General Strike 伟大的战斗:1919年温尼伯大罢工直接行动取得了成果:加拿大罢工的图形历史1919年:温尼伯总罢工的图形史
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8849400
J. Guard
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引用次数: 0
Binational Gatekeepers 两个民族的守门
IF 0.6 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8767314
Lauren Braun-Strumfels
While the 1891 and 1893 Immigration Acts established inspection protocols that remained in place for decades, less is known about how US agents initially translated gatekeeping laws into the durable policy directives that had a profound effect on the migration of working-class people. Before the “qualitative” restriction of specific racial, social, and economic conditions transitioned to a period of “quantitative” or enumerated exclusion by the 1920s, the US government had to establish a structure to carry out the work of exclusion, but this early era of qualitative gatekeeping is less understood. Italian encounters with federal agents at Ellis Island show how the 1891 and 1893 laws empowered the administrative state to carry out the work of exclusion shadowed by the banality of bureaucratic decision-making. The records of the short-lived Office of Labor Information and Protection for Italians (1894–99), the only outpost of a foreign government allowed to operate in the main processing building on Ellis Island, offers a rare snapshot of the gatekeeping process in its crucial early years. Given that Italians were the single largest ethnic group to be processed at Ellis Island over its sixty-two-year history and the primary target of inspectors in the station’s first decade, their experiences with bureaucratic exclusion illuminate how the United States moved to systematically control working-class migration.
尽管1891年和1893年的《移民法》确立了检查协议,并在几十年的时间里一直有效,但人们对美国特工最初是如何将把关法转化为对工人阶级移民产生深远影响的持久政策指令的,却知之甚少。到20世纪20年代,在对特定种族、社会和经济条件的“定性”限制过渡到“定量”或枚举的排斥时期之前,美国政府不得不建立一种结构来开展排斥工作,但这种早期的定性把关却鲜为人知。意大利人在埃利斯岛与联邦探员的遭遇表明,1891年和1893年的法律如何赋予行政国家权力,使其能够在官僚决策的平庸阴影下开展排除工作。意大利劳工信息和保护办公室(Office of Labor Information and Protection for italy, 1894 - 1899)是唯一一个获准在埃利斯岛的主要处理大楼里运作的外国政府前哨,其记录为关键的早期守门过程提供了罕见的快照。考虑到意大利人是埃利斯岛62年历史上被处理的最大种族群体,也是该站头十年检查员的主要目标,他们被官僚排斥的经历说明了美国是如何系统地控制工人阶级移民的。
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