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Starting from Home 从家开始
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8643484
E. Boris
These are powerful accounts of starting from home and coming to labor history Emma Amador, Max Fraser, Naomi R Williams, and Stacey L Smith underscore the living pasts of a field once pronounced as dead that increasingly has become as central to the historical project as the invisibilized working class that has emerged as essential during the COVID-19 pandemic In recounting the origins of their research, these new voices reinforce the link between scholarship and social commentary in ways that further extend the boundaries of the field Originally presented during the 2019 LAWCHA conference at a session organized by this journal, these personal narratives share major themes They show a continual expansion of the subject of labor history, providing fresh perspectives on who counts as working class and what constitutes work They belong to a larger trend of scrambling categories at
这些都是关于从家开始进入劳动史的有力描述Emma Amador、Max Fraser、Naomi R Williams,史黛西·L·史密斯(Stacey L Smith)强调了一个曾经被宣布为死亡的领域的生活史,这个领域越来越成为历史项目的核心,就像在新冠肺炎大流行期间出现的隐形工人阶级一样,这些新的声音加强了学术和社会评论之间的联系,从而进一步扩展了该领域的边界。这些个人叙事最初是在2019年LAWCHA会议上由本杂志组织的一次会议上提出的,它们有着共同的主题。它们显示了劳动史主题的不断扩展,为谁是工人阶级以及什么构成工作提供了新的视角他们属于一个更大的混乱类别的趋势
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引用次数: 19
Gender and Racial Wage Differentials in Nonprofit Hospitals* 非营利性医院的性别和种族工资差异*
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12185
Gabriel Courey

Past studies have found that economy-wide gender and racial wage differentials are smaller in the nonprofit sector than in the for-profit sector. I show that the massive US hospital industry exhibits a different pattern. Gender and racial differentials in nonprofit hospitals are larger than in the for-profit hospitals. These findings are robust to various model specifications and appear throughout the earnings distribution and in most subsamples. Critically, the findings remain even after controlling for individual fixed effects. I argue this may reflect weakened monitoring in nonprofit hospitals and contrast this with the traditional theory that nonprofits must emphasize wage equality to motivate their workers.

过去的研究发现,在整个经济范围内,非营利部门的性别和种族工资差异比营利性部门要小。我指出,庞大的美国医院行业呈现出一种不同的模式。非营利性医院的性别和种族差异大于营利性医院。这些发现对各种模型规格都具有鲁棒性,并出现在整个收益分布和大多数子样本中。关键的是,即使在控制了个体固定效应之后,这些发现仍然存在。我认为,这可能反映了非营利医院监管的弱化,并与传统理论形成对比,传统理论认为,非营利组织必须强调工资平等,以激励员工。
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引用次数: 1
Heterogeneous Layoff Effects of the US Short-Time Compensation Program 美国短期薪酬计划的异质性裁员效应
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12184
Marlon R. Tracey, Solomon W. Polachek

The Short-Time Compensation (STC) program enables US firms to reduce work hours via pro-rated Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits, rather than relying on layoffs as a cost-cutting tool. Despite the program's potential to preclude skill loss and rehiring/retraining costs, firms' participation rates are still very low in response to economic downturns. Using firm-level UI administrative data and semi-parametric methods, we show why by illustrating which type of firms benefit from the program and which do not. A key finding is that cyclically sensitive firms have about 14% lower layoff rates when they use STC, but we find no difference for more cyclically stable firms.

短期补偿(STC)计划使美国公司能够通过按比例分配的失业保险(UI)福利来减少工作时间,而不是依靠裁员作为削减成本的工具。尽管该计划有可能避免技能流失和再招聘/再培训成本,但在经济低迷时期,企业的参与率仍然很低。利用企业层面的UI管理数据和半参数方法,我们通过说明哪些类型的企业从该计划中受益,哪些没有,来说明原因。一个关键的发现是,当周期敏感的公司使用STC时,裁员率降低了约14%,但我们发现周期稳定的公司没有差异。
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引用次数: 4
Blue and Green: The Drive for Justice at America’s Port by Scott L. Cummings 《蓝与绿:美国港口的正义运动》,斯科特·l·卡明斯著
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8349501
Brian K. Obach
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引用次数: 0
Do Ethnic Networks Ameliorate Education–Occupation Mismatch? 族群网络能改善教育-职业不匹配吗?
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12183
Eric Schuss

The question to what extent ethnic networks affect occupational mismatch has so far been overlooked. This paper exploits supraregional variation in ethnic composition in Germany and shows that a one standard deviation increase in the share of the own ethnic group per zip code significantly reduces the years of overqualification for females, by 0.27 years. For males, neither the foreign share nor the ethnic share per residency area is found to significantly impact the extent of overqualification. Selection into residency groups and occupations and different endowments in language capital explain the more efficient benefit of ethnic networks accrued to females.

到目前为止,种族网络在多大程度上影响职业错配的问题一直被忽视。本文利用了德国民族构成的跨区域差异,结果表明,每个邮政编码中本民族的比例每增加一个标准差,就会显著减少女性大材小用的年限,减少0.27年。对于男性来说,每个居住区域的外国人比例和少数民族比例都没有发现对资历过高的程度有显著影响。对居住群体和职业的选择以及语言资本的不同禀赋解释了种族网络对女性产生的更有效的利益。
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引用次数: 2
Graduate Migration and Early-career Labor Market Outcomes: Do Education Programs and Qualification Levels Matter? 毕业生迁移和早期劳动力市场结果:教育计划和资格水平重要吗?
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12177
Timo Mitze, Nino Javakhishvili-Larsen

This paper investigates the role that spatial mobility plays for early-career labor market outcomes across education programs and qualification levels. We use data for the full population of Danish graduates from upper (post-)secondary and tertiary education programs to estimate the labor market returns from migrating after graduation. Benchmark OLS estimates find positive correlations between migration, the employment probability, and entry wages. We further apply IV estimation with instruments constructed from exogenous push factors into migration at the individual, education institution, and local labor market level. Results confirm a mobility premium for graduates from tertiary but not from vocational education programs.

本文研究了空间流动性在不同教育项目和资格水平的早期职业劳动力市场结果中所起的作用。我们使用丹麦高中(后)和高等教育项目毕业生的全部数据来估计毕业后移民的劳动力市场回报。OLS的基准估计发现,移民、就业概率和入职工资之间存在正相关性。我们在个人、教育机构和当地劳动力市场层面进一步应用IV估计,并使用由外生推动因素构建的工具。研究结果证实了高等教育毕业生的流动性溢价,但职业教育项目的毕业生则不然。JEL代码:C23、I23、I26、J61、R23
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引用次数: 0
Can Human Resource Management Improve Schools' Performance? 人力资源管理能提高学校绩效吗?
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12178
Alex Bryson, Lucy Stokes, David Wilkinson

Using data for British workplaces, we compare the associations between human resource management (HRM) practices and schools' performance, comparing those effects to the effects of HRM among private sector workplaces. We do so using measures of workplace performance that are common across all workplaces. We find intensive use of HRM practices is correlated with substantial improvement in workplace performance, both among schools and other workplaces. Results are robust to panel estimates of the correlation between changes in performance and changes in HRM.

利用英国工作场所的数据,我们比较了人力资源管理实践与学校绩效之间的关系,并将这些影响与私营部门工作场所的人力资源管理影响进行了比较。我们使用在所有工作场所都很常见的工作场所绩效衡量标准来做到这一点。我们发现,在学校和其他工作场所,大量使用人力资源管理实践与工作表现的显著改善有关。结果对于绩效变化和人力资源管理变化之间相关性的小组估计是稳健的。
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引用次数: 6
“Bread and Roses” 《面包和玫瑰》
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8114769
T. Juravich
This paper traces the history of the song “Bread and Roses” to examine labor culture and the role of song in the labor movement. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, “Bread and Roses” was included in several of the first generation song books produced by unions that reflected an expansive and inclusive labor culture closely connected with the Left. With the ascendance of business unionism and the blacklisting of the Left after the war, labor culture took a heavy blow, and labor songbooks became skeletons of the full-bodied versions they had once been. Unions began to see singing not as part of the process of social change but as a vehicle to bring people together, and songs such as “Bread and Roses” and other more class-based songs were jettisoned in favor of a few labor standards and American sing-along songs. “Bread and Roses” was born anew to embody a central concept in the women’s movement and rode the wave of new music, art, and film that were part of new social movements and new constituencies that challenged business unionism and reshaped union culture in the 1980s.
本文追溯了《面包与玫瑰》这首歌的历史,来考察劳动文化以及歌曲在劳工运动中的作用。在20世纪30年代末和40年代初,《面包与玫瑰》被收录在工会制作的几本第一代歌曲书中,这些歌曲反映了与左翼密切相关的广泛而包容的劳工文化。战后,随着商业联合主义的兴起和左派的黑名单,劳工文化受到了沉重打击,劳工歌曲集成为了曾经的丰满版本的骨架。工会开始将唱歌视为一种工具,而不是社会变革过程的一部分,《面包与玫瑰》等歌曲和其他更基于阶级的歌曲被抛弃,取而代之的是一些劳工标准和美国人的歌曲。《面包与玫瑰》在20世纪80年代重新诞生,体现了妇女运动的一个核心概念,并顺应了新音乐、艺术和电影的浪潮,这些都是新社会运动和新选民的一部分,挑战了商业工会主义,重塑了工会文化。
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引用次数: 1
King and the Other America: The Poor People’s Campaign and the Quest for Economic Equality by Sylvie Laurent 金与另一个美国:穷人运动与经济平等的追求
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8114854
G. D. Jong
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引用次数: 0
Remapping the American Left 重塑美国左派
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8114733
J. Gregory
Is the American Left reemerging as a political force? Suddenly there are socialists in Congress, socialists on city councils, socialists in the Democratic Party, and much of the media has taken up the question of whether the Democratic Party is swinging to the left. If we are indeed seeing a new surge to the left and new phase of American radicalism, it would not be the first time. This is something that has happened repeatedly in the past century. The particulars are new, but the cycles of movement reinvention appear to be a feature of American politics, one that historians have not adequately explored. American radicalism has been a vexing subject for many years. It was not long ago that historians could do little more than grieve, framing the subject as a story of failures and asking whynot questions. Why was there no revolution? Why wasn’t the US Left more like the European Left or the Canadian Left? Why did the Socialist Party fall apart? Why did the New Left fade? No longer. Books by Paul Buhle, Richard Flacks, Michael Kazin, Doug Rossinow, Howard Brick, Christopher Phelps, Rhodri JeffreyJones, and Dawson Barrett have changed the tone, examining accomplishments as well as limitations, arguing that the Left has initiated significant transformations, especially involving the rights of previously excluded populations, while a century of radical action has also changed the dimensions of the civic sphere and democratic practice by fostering a culture of activism. The newer books do so in
美国左派正在重新成为一股政治力量吗?突然之间,国会里出现了社会主义者,市议会里出现了社会主义者,民主党里出现了社会主义者,许多媒体都开始关注民主党是否在向左转。如果我们确实看到了左翼的新浪潮和美国激进主义的新阶段,那也不是第一次了。这种事情在过去的一个世纪里反复发生。这些细节都是新的,但运动重塑的周期似乎是美国政治的一个特征,而历史学家们并没有充分探索这个特征。多年来,美国激进主义一直是一个令人烦恼的话题。就在不久之前,历史学家们所能做的只是悲伤,将这个主题描述为一个失败的故事,并提出为什么不这样做的问题。为什么没有革命?为什么美国的左派不像欧洲的左派或加拿大的左派?为什么社会党会分崩离析?新左派为什么会衰落?不再。保罗·布尔、理查德·弗拉克斯、迈克尔·卡津、道格·罗西诺、霍华德·布里克、克里斯托弗·菲尔普斯、罗德里·杰弗里·琼斯和道森·巴雷特等人的著作改变了这种说法,他们审视了左派的成就和局限性,认为左派已经发起了重大变革,特别是涉及到以前被排斥的人群的权利,而一个世纪的激进行动也通过培养一种激进主义文化改变了公民领域和民主实践的维度。较新的书都是这样
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引用次数: 1
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Labour-England
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