Labour-England最新文献

Previous empirical literature on US wrongful discharge laws, a judicial form of employment protection, has identified ways in which these policies have changed employers' hiring and firing practices, but has lacked a systematic analysis of the impact on workplace gender composition. This paper is the first to investigate the impact of state adoption of wrongful discharge laws on occupational gender diversity within American workplaces. We use restricted establishment-level longitudinal data that are uniquely suited for the analysis of this topic obtained from the United States. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEO-1 Employer Information Reports). We utilize difference-in-differences regression methodology to first estimate the overall impact of wrongful discharge laws, and then examine the dynamics of wrongful discharge law impacts using event study regressions. We then examine the interplay between state wrongful discharge laws and state gender employment discrimination laws in shaping female employment composition at workplaces. First, we find that the adoption of one wrongful discharge law in particular, the good faith doctrine, is associated with an increase in women's employment share in laborer jobs within private-sector establishments of 0.80 percentage points, and that this is a causal impact given the pattern of yearly impacts found using our event study analysis. Our findings suggest that the good faith doctrine has facilitated reduction in barriers women have historically faced in blue-collar jobs. Second, while we find that the good faith doctrine is associated with a statistically significant increase in the share of women in officer and managerial jobs, and that the public policy doctrine is associated with a significant rise in women's share of professional jobs, our event study results cast doubt that these are causal impacts. Finally, our exploration of the interaction between state wrongful discharge laws and state gender discrimination laws reveals that, generally, state gender discrimination laws neither amplify nor diminish the impact of wrongful discharge laws on women's occupational employment within establishments.

This paper focuses on the question of whether job-related work experience, especially in tight occupations, is sufficient to increase the employment opportunities of school dropouts in comparison with graduates. To answer this question, we conducted a correspondence study with 6400 applications sent to real job offers and 8200 unsolicited applications between January and December 2018. We find that dropouts have lower probabilities of being interviewed for job positions than graduates, but this gap narrows for dropouts who gained work experience and even more so when skills certification is associated. Furthermore, we find that tougher competition with external job seekers shrinks the interview rate of all applicants toward the minimum interview observed rate.

This article revisits the association between employment characteristics, working conditions, and the annual duration of sickness presenteeism or absence using a French representative survey. Our novel estimation method controls for endogenous participation, as working conditions can affect employees' likelihood of illness separately from the decision to stay at home or work ill. We use a copula approach to model the link between illness and the duration of presenteeism and absence. Without correcting for endogenous participation, our estimates would be biased, and the determinants of sickness absence or presenteeism incorrectly identified. This work helps to highlight firm policy instruments that protect health and affect the choice between sickness presenteeism and absence.

This paper examines the impact of a regional policy aimed at fostering permanent employment in the aftermath of the Covid-19 recession. Using administrative micro-data from the Italian private sector, we identify the impact of the subsidies by exploiting the variation in their implementation across regions and time. We find that, on average, there was a positive and sizeable impact on conversion from fixed-term to open-ended job positions. We observe that the average effect hides some heterogeneity, with medium-high educated workers and youths benefiting more. As a further result, we show that the policy had no effect on labour poaching.

This study evaluates the impact of an Italian government initiative launched in 2007, which allocated €1 billion to regional governments to enhance early childhood care services for children aged 0–2, targeting both public and private childcare options. Exploiting variations in the timing of implementation across regions, we assess the program's effectiveness in increasing the public provision of early childcare services and maternal labor market participation. Results show a significant increase in both public childcare slots and labor market participation among mothers. However, the initiative had limited effects on less-educated women, likely due to the service's relatively high costs, which may hinder broader accessibility.