首页 > 最新文献

Labour-England最新文献

英文 中文
Task specialization and the Native-Foreign Wage Gap 任务专业化与中外工资差距
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12220
Eduard Storm

This study documents that worker-level variation in tasks has played a key role in the widening of the German Native-Foreign Wage Gap. I find idiosyncratic differences account for up to 34 per cent of the wage gap. Importantly, natives specialize in high-paying interactive activities not only between, but also within occupations. In contrast, foreign workers specialize in low-paying manual activities. This enhanced degree of task specialization accounts for 11 per cent of the gap among high-wage earners and 25 per cent among low-wage earner, thus offering new insight into sources for imperfect substitution of native and foreign workers and consequently small migration-induced wage effects.

这项研究证明,工人在工作任务上的差异在德国本地人和外国人工资差距的扩大中发挥了关键作用。我发现,特质差异占到工资差距的34%。重要的是,当地人不仅擅长职业之间的高收入互动活动,也擅长职业内部的互动活动。相比之下,外国工人专门从事低工资的体力活动。高工资收入者之间的差距占11%,低工资收入者之间的差距占25%,这种任务专业化程度的提高使人们对本地和外国工人不完全替代的来源有了新的认识,因此移徙引起的工资影响很小。
{"title":"Task specialization and the Native-Foreign Wage Gap","authors":"Eduard Storm","doi":"10.1111/labr.12220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study documents that worker-level variation in tasks has played a key role in the widening of the German Native-Foreign Wage Gap. I find idiosyncratic differences account for up to 34 per cent of the wage gap. Importantly, natives specialize in high-paying interactive activities not only between, but also within occupations. In contrast, foreign workers specialize in low-paying manual activities. This enhanced degree of task specialization accounts for 11 per cent of the gap among high-wage earners and 25 per cent among low-wage earner, thus offering new insight into sources for imperfect substitution of native and foreign workers and consequently small migration-induced wage effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42796158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Mentoring as a dose treatment: Frequency matters—Evidence from a French mentoring programme 指导作为一种剂量治疗:频率很重要——来自法国指导项目的证据
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12219
Vera Chiodi, Gabriel Montes-Rojas

We evaluate how the impact of a mentoring programme in French disadvantaged high schools varies with the intensity of the programme. Given that, in general, the only significant effect was observed by full attendance to all meetings, we argue that the treatment dose matters. Thus, while the original evaluation programme was designed as a randomized experiment to balance control and treated individuals (those who were offered the mentoring scheme, with different degree of programme participation), we motivate the use of continuous and multi-valued treatment effects models to estimate the dose response function. The programme shows that information about prospective labour market opportunities feeds back positively into academic performance. However, it has a negative effect on job self-esteem, suggesting that acquiring information on job market prospects updates students' priors on their skills and possibilities and that the students might be updating rationally.

我们评估了辅导计划对法国弱势高中的影响如何随着计划的强度而变化。考虑到,一般来说,唯一显著的效果是在全部参加所有会议时观察到的,我们认为治疗剂量很重要。因此,虽然最初的评估方案被设计为一个随机实验,以平衡对照组和治疗个体(提供指导方案的个体,参与程度不同),但我们鼓励使用连续和多值治疗效果模型来估计剂量反应函数。该计划表明,有关未来劳动力市场机会的信息对学习成绩有积极的反馈作用。然而,它对工作自尊有负面影响,这表明获取就业市场前景的信息更新了学生对自己的技能和可能性的先验,并且学生可能是理性的更新。
{"title":"Mentoring as a dose treatment: Frequency matters—Evidence from a French mentoring programme","authors":"Vera Chiodi,&nbsp;Gabriel Montes-Rojas","doi":"10.1111/labr.12219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We evaluate how the impact of a mentoring programme in French disadvantaged high schools varies with the intensity of the programme. Given that, in general, the only significant effect was observed by full attendance to all meetings, we argue that the treatment dose matters. Thus, while the original evaluation programme was designed as a randomized experiment to balance control and treated individuals (those who were offered the mentoring scheme, with different degree of programme participation), we motivate the use of continuous and multi-valued treatment effects models to estimate the dose response function. The programme shows that information about prospective labour market opportunities feeds back positively into academic performance. However, it has a negative effect on job self-esteem, suggesting that acquiring information on job market prospects updates students' priors on their skills and possibilities and that the students might be updating rationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47465342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What drives trust of the long-term unemployed in their caseworkers?* 是什么推动了长期失业者对社会工作者的信任?*
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12218
Joachim Wilde

Research about drivers of trust of the long-term unemployed in their caseworkers is a white spot in the literature. The paper closes this gap using a unique data set. Embedded in a theoretical model at the organizational level a trust game with real long-term unemployed and caseworkers is evaluated. The results support the social identity theory, i.e. trust in members of the ‘own’ group is higher than trust in members of the ‘other’ group, as well as more traditional explanations of trust. Thus, policy can raise trust using the concept of incentive ethics of the theoretical model.

关于长期失业者对社会工作者的信任驱动因素的研究是文献中的一个空白点。本文使用一个独特的数据集弥补了这一差距。在组织层面的理论模型中,对真实长期失业者和社会工作者之间的信任博弈进行了评估。结果支持社会认同理论,即对“自己”群体成员的信任高于对“他者”群体成员的信任,以及对信任的更传统的解释。因此,政策可以利用理论模型的激励伦理概念来提高信任。
{"title":"What drives trust of the long-term unemployed in their caseworkers?*","authors":"Joachim Wilde","doi":"10.1111/labr.12218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research about drivers of trust of the long-term unemployed in their caseworkers is a white spot in the literature. The paper closes this gap using a unique data set. Embedded in a theoretical model at the organizational level a trust game with real long-term unemployed and caseworkers is evaluated. The results support the social identity theory, i.e. trust in members of the ‘own’ group is higher than trust in members of the ‘other’ group, as well as more traditional explanations of trust. Thus, policy can raise trust using the concept of incentive ethics of the theoretical model.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138162861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Doing boss-like tasks and worker well-being: Job enrichment revisited 做老板式的任务和员工的幸福感:重新审视工作丰富化
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12217
Yoko Asuyama

This study revisits the relationship between job enrichment and worker well-being by analysing worker-level data from around 20 countries. Job enrichment, which vertically expands jobs, is primarily measured by the novel ‘boss-like tasks’ indicator, constructed from 42 task-frequency data. The aim of job enrichment is to motivate workers. However, the study finds that even though average non-boss workers doing more boss-like tasks earn higher wages, they are not necessarily more satisfied with their jobs. The non-positive or slightly negative association with satisfaction becomes positive when workers have low-skilled blue-collar jobs or when tasks involving planning and organizing are enriched.

这项研究通过分析来自大约20个国家的工人层面的数据,重新审视了工作丰富性和工人幸福感之间的关系。工作丰富性(Job enrichment),即垂直扩展工作岗位,主要是通过“老板式任务”(boss-like tasks)指标来衡量的,该指标由42个任务频率数据构建而成。工作丰富化的目的是激励员工。然而,研究发现,即使普通的非老板员工做更多像老板一样的工作,他们的工资也会更高,但他们对自己的工作并不一定更满意。当工人从事低技能蓝领工作或涉及计划和组织的任务丰富时,与满意度的非正相关或轻微负相关变为正相关。
{"title":"Doing boss-like tasks and worker well-being: Job enrichment revisited","authors":"Yoko Asuyama","doi":"10.1111/labr.12217","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study revisits the relationship between job enrichment and worker well-being by analysing worker-level data from around 20 countries. Job enrichment, which vertically expands jobs, is primarily measured by the novel ‘boss-like tasks’ indicator, constructed from 42 task-frequency data. The aim of job enrichment is to motivate workers. However, the study finds that even though average non-boss workers doing more boss-like tasks earn higher wages, they are not necessarily more satisfied with their jobs. The non-positive or slightly negative association with satisfaction becomes positive when workers have low-skilled blue-collar jobs or when tasks involving planning and organizing are enriched.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47304653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The effect of parental job loss on youth transition to employment in Turkey 父母失业对土耳其青年就业过渡的影响
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12216
Deniz Karaoglan, Cagla Okten

This article analyses the impact of household head's involuntary job loss on young person's (15–24 years old) likelihood to transition from non-employment to employment. We construct twelve two-year pseudo-panels based on previous year's labour market outcomes using Turkish Household Labor Force Surveys (THLFS) from 2005 to 2016 and then pool the twelve pseudo-panels for analysis. We examine youth's labour market responses according to education levels and gender. We show that a female with at least a high school degree is about 8.7 percentage points more likely to transition to from non-employment to employment in the group where the head experienced an unexpected job loss than a female in the group where the head remained employed. Furthermore, for females, the probability of transitioning to employment increases by education level. For males, although we find positive and statistically significant effect of head's job loss on the transition probability, we do not find any differences according to education level.

本文分析了户主非自愿失业对年轻人(15-24岁)从非就业向就业过渡可能性的影响。我们利用2005年至2016年的土耳其家庭劳动力调查(THLFS),基于前一年的劳动力市场结果构建了12个为期两年的伪面板,然后将12个伪面板汇总进行分析。我们根据教育水平和性别考察了青年对劳动力市场的反应。我们发现,在负责人意外失业的小组中,拥有高中以上学历的女性从无工作过渡到有工作的可能性比负责人仍有工作的小组中的女性高8.7个百分点。此外,对女性来说,教育水平越高,向就业过渡的可能性越大。对于男性,虽然我们发现头部失业对转型概率的影响正且具有统计学意义,但我们没有发现受教育程度的差异。
{"title":"The effect of parental job loss on youth transition to employment in Turkey","authors":"Deniz Karaoglan,&nbsp;Cagla Okten","doi":"10.1111/labr.12216","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyses the impact of household head's involuntary job loss on young person's (15–24 years old) likelihood to transition from non-employment to employment. We construct twelve two-year pseudo-panels based on previous year's labour market outcomes using Turkish Household Labor Force Surveys (THLFS) from 2005 to 2016 and then pool the twelve pseudo-panels for analysis. We examine youth's labour market responses according to education levels and gender. We show that a female with at least a high school degree is about 8.7 percentage points more likely to transition to from non-employment to employment in the group where the head experienced an unexpected job loss than a female in the group where the head remained employed. Furthermore, for females, the probability of transitioning to employment increases by education level. For males, although we find positive and statistically significant effect of head's job loss on the transition probability, we do not find any differences according to education level.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44279611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Regional differences in the epidemic shock on the local labor market and its spread 疫情的地区差异对当地劳动力市场的冲击及其蔓延
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12215
Sachiko Kazekami

First, using the sequential linear panel data-estimation model and maps, we demonstrate the relocation of job-posting places, especially for part-time jobs. We use data on the number of job postings at the public employment security office in Japan. These changes in the posting places are clearly observable in the retail trade for part- and full-time jobs. In contrast, we do not find discernible relocation in the information-services industry. The impact of the COVID-19 shock varies by geographic location. However, if people's mobility rate, the number of infected people, or the declaration of the state of emergency are controlled for, the number of job postings differs among areas. Therefore, second, this study explores the factors that account for the differences in the number of job offers among areas. We find that industrial diversity increases the number of job postings for part- and full-time jobs in 2021, that is, one year after the first wave of the pandemic began. In contrast, industrial specialization has a negative impact in 2021. Higher rigidity of finance decreases the number of part-time job postings immediately after the first wave of the pandemic because local governments cannot provide various support measures to create jobs. However, this financial effect disappears with time. Furthermore, higher financial capability positively affects part-time job postings, although they are not efficient in creating full-time jobs. The unemployment rate in 2015 negatively affects the regional differences in job postings after 2021. Regarding whether firms seek regions with rich human resources, the result is unexpectedly unclear.

首先,利用序列线性面板数据估计模型和地图,我们展示了招聘地点的迁移,特别是兼职工作的迁移。我们使用的数据来自日本公共就业保障办公室的招聘信息。在零售业的兼职和全职工作中,这些职位的变化明显可见。相比之下,我们在信息服务业没有发现明显的转移。COVID-19冲击的影响因地理位置而异。但是,如果控制人员流动率、感染人数或宣布紧急状态,则不同地区的招聘数量不同。因此,第二,本研究探讨了造成地区之间工作机会数量差异的因素。我们发现,2021年,即第一波大流行开始一年后,行业多样性增加了兼职和全职工作的招聘数量。相比之下,产业专业化在2021年产生了负面影响。金融刚性的提高,导致地方政府无法提供创造工作岗位的各种支援措施,因此,在第一次大流行之后,兼职岗位数量急剧减少。然而,这种经济效应会随着时间的推移而消失。此外,较高的财务能力对兼职职位的发布有积极影响,尽管它们在创造全职工作方面效率不高。2015年的失业率对2021年之后的地区招聘差异产生了负面影响。至于企业是否会寻找人力资源丰富的地区,结果出人意料地不明朗。
{"title":"Regional differences in the epidemic shock on the local labor market and its spread","authors":"Sachiko Kazekami","doi":"10.1111/labr.12215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>First, using the sequential linear panel data-estimation model and maps, we demonstrate the relocation of job-posting places, especially for part-time jobs. We use data on the number of job postings at the public employment security office in Japan. These changes in the posting places are clearly observable in the retail trade for part- and full-time jobs. In contrast, we do not find discernible relocation in the information-services industry. The impact of the COVID-19 shock varies by geographic location. However, if people's mobility rate, the number of infected people, or the declaration of the state of emergency are controlled for, the number of job postings differs among areas. Therefore, second, this study explores the factors that account for the differences in the number of job offers among areas. We find that industrial diversity increases the number of job postings for part- and full-time jobs in 2021, that is, one year after the first wave of the pandemic began. In contrast, industrial specialization has a negative impact in 2021. Higher rigidity of finance decreases the number of part-time job postings immediately after the first wave of the pandemic because local governments cannot provide various support measures to create jobs. However, this financial effect disappears with time. Furthermore, higher financial capability positively affects part-time job postings, although they are not efficient in creating full-time jobs. The unemployment rate in 2015 negatively affects the regional differences in job postings after 2021. Regarding whether firms seek regions with rich human resources, the result is unexpectedly unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138145324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do job vacancies variations anticipate employment variations by sector? Some preliminary evidence from Italy 职位空缺的变化是否预示着各行业的就业变化?来自意大利的一些初步证据
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12213
Pietro Giorgio Lovaglio

Government policy has placed increasing emphasis on the need for robust labour market projections. The job vacancy rate is a key indicator of the state of the economy underpinning most monetary policy decisions. However, its variation over time is rarely studied in relation to employment variations, especially at the sectoral level. The present paper assesses whether changes in the number of vacancies from quarter to quarter are a leading anticipator of employment variation in certain economic sectors over the previous decade in Italy, using multivariate time-series tools (the vector autoregressive and error correction models) with Eurostat data. As robustness checks for integration order and cointegration, we compare traditional critical values with those provided by response surface models. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated this relationship using Italian data over the last decade. The results demonstrate that percentage changes in numbers employed (occupied persons) react to percentage changes in vacancies (one-quarter lagged), but not vice versa, indicating that variations of vacancies are weakly exogenous. The fastest short-term adjustment from disequilibrium is seen in the construction industry, whereas the manufacturing and the information and communication technology sectors demonstrate the strongest long-run relationships among variations. This suggests that the matching rates – the likelihood that a vacancy is filled – are higher for these than for other sectors, as a result of developments in recruitment technology for professional figures of such industries.

政府政策越来越强调对劳动力市场进行强劲预测的必要性。职位空缺率是反映经济状况的关键指标,是大多数货币政策决策的依据。但是,很少研究其随时间的变化与就业变化的关系,特别是在部门一级。本文利用欧洲统计局数据的多变量时间序列工具(矢量自回归和误差修正模型),评估了季度间空缺数量的变化是否是意大利过去十年某些经济部门就业变化的主要预测因素。作为积分顺序和协整的鲁棒性检查,我们将传统的临界值与响应面模型提供的临界值进行了比较。据我们所知,在过去的十年里,没有任何研究使用意大利的数据来评估这种关系。结果表明,就业人数(被占用人员)的百分比变化对空缺的百分比变化有反应(四分之一滞后),但反之则不然,这表明空缺的变化是弱外生的。从不平衡中最快的短期调整出现在建筑业,而制造业和信息和通信技术部门表现出最强的长期变化关系。这表明,由于这些行业的专业人员招聘技术的发展,这些行业的匹配率- -空缺被填补的可能性- -比其他行业高。
{"title":"Do job vacancies variations anticipate employment variations by sector? Some preliminary evidence from Italy","authors":"Pietro Giorgio Lovaglio","doi":"10.1111/labr.12213","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Government policy has placed increasing emphasis on the need for robust labour market projections. The job vacancy rate is a key indicator of the state of the economy underpinning most monetary policy decisions. However, its variation over time is rarely studied in relation to employment variations, especially at the sectoral level. The present paper assesses whether changes in the number of vacancies from quarter to quarter are a leading anticipator of employment variation in certain economic sectors over the previous decade in Italy, using multivariate time-series tools (the vector autoregressive and error correction models) with Eurostat data. As robustness checks for integration order and cointegration, we compare traditional critical values with those provided by response surface models. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated this relationship using Italian data over the last decade. The results demonstrate that percentage changes in numbers employed (occupied persons) react to percentage changes in vacancies (one-quarter lagged), but not vice versa, indicating that variations of vacancies are weakly exogenous. The fastest short-term adjustment from disequilibrium is seen in the construction industry, whereas the manufacturing and the information and communication technology sectors demonstrate the strongest long-run relationships among variations. This suggests that the matching rates – the likelihood that a vacancy is filled – are higher for these than for other sectors, as a result of developments in recruitment technology for professional figures of such industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44920991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Promoting self-employment: Does it create more employment and business activity? 促进自营职业:它是否创造了更多的就业和商业活动?
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12211
Gilbert Cette, Jimmy Lopez

We assess the economic impact of reforms promoting self-employment in the countries that have implemented such reforms since the early 2000s: the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and France. To that end, we use a difference-in-differences approach on a cross-country–industry panel database. Our results suggest that the reforms have raised the number of self-employed workers, but mostly through a substitution effect between the self-employed and employees, and not through a supply effect or a substitution effect with informal activities. This means that these reforms could have failed to achieve their main objectives.

我们评估了自21世纪初以来实施促进自营职业改革的国家(荷兰、英国和法国)的经济影响。为此,我们在跨国行业面板数据库上使用了差异中的差异方法。我们的研究结果表明,改革提高了个体经营者的数量,但主要是通过个体经营者与雇员之间的替代效应,而不是通过供给效应或与非正式活动的替代效应。这意味着这些改革可能无法实现其主要目标。
{"title":"Promoting self-employment: Does it create more employment and business activity?","authors":"Gilbert Cette,&nbsp;Jimmy Lopez","doi":"10.1111/labr.12211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We assess the economic impact of reforms promoting self-employment in the countries that have implemented such reforms since the early 2000s: the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and France. To that end, we use a difference-in-differences approach on a cross-country–industry panel database. Our results suggest that the reforms have raised the number of self-employed workers, but mostly through a substitution effect between the self-employed and employees, and not through a supply effect or a substitution effect with informal activities. This means that these reforms could have failed to achieve their main objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Big five personality traits and retirement decisions 五大性格特征和退休决定
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12210
Claudio Lucifora, Martina Repetto

We estimate the effect of the Big Five personality traits on the retirement decisions of individuals aged between 50 and 80 years in fourteen European countries, using wave 7 from the SHARE data. We investigate the probability of retirement and a measure of the distance between actual retirement and ordinary retirement age. Overall, we find that personality affects retirement decisions, and the effects are similar across gender. Openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion are generally associated with a delay in retirement decisions, whereas neuroticism anticipates the exit from the labour market.

我们使用SHARE数据中的第7波,估计了14个欧洲国家50至80岁个人的五大人格特征对退休决定的影响。我们研究了退休的概率和实际退休年龄与普通退休年龄之间的距离。总的来说,我们发现性格会影响退休决定,而且这种影响在性别上是相似的。经验开放性、严谨性和外向性通常与推迟退休决定有关,而神经质则预期退出劳动力市场。
{"title":"Big five personality traits and retirement decisions","authors":"Claudio Lucifora,&nbsp;Martina Repetto","doi":"10.1111/labr.12210","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We estimate the effect of the Big Five personality traits on the retirement decisions of individuals aged between 50 and 80 years in fourteen European countries, using wave 7 from the SHARE data. We investigate the probability of retirement and a measure of the distance between actual retirement and ordinary retirement age. Overall, we find that personality affects retirement decisions, and the effects are similar across gender. Openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion are generally associated with a delay in retirement decisions, whereas neuroticism anticipates the exit from the labour market.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47259572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender pay gap in the public sector: Evidence from the Canadian Labour Force Survey 公共部门的性别薪酬差距:来自加拿大劳动力调查的证据
IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12214
Richard E. Mueller

Using the merged monthly Labour Force Survey, a variety of techniques are employed to address the pay gap for males and females between four definitions of the public sector and the private sector, as well as the gender pay gap within each of these five sectors. It is found that females tend to have higher public sector wage premiums than their male counterparts when comparing within each gender. The gender wage gap within each sector is positive and favours males, most notably in the private sector. Estimates of any wage premiums at the mean cloud differences along the wage distribution.

利用合并的每月劳动力调查,采用了各种技术来解决男女在公共部门和私营部门的四种定义之间的工资差距,以及这五个部门中每个部门的性别工资差距。研究发现,在各性别之间进行比较时,女性往往比男性拥有更高的公共部门工资溢价。每个部门内的性别工资差距是正的,有利于男性,尤其是在私营部门。对任何工资溢价的平均估计都不符合工资分布的差异。
{"title":"Gender pay gap in the public sector: Evidence from the Canadian Labour Force Survey","authors":"Richard E. Mueller","doi":"10.1111/labr.12214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12214","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the merged monthly Labour Force Survey, a variety of techniques are employed to address the pay gap for males and females between four definitions of the public sector and the private sector, as well as the gender pay gap within each of these five sectors. It is found that females tend to have higher public sector wage premiums than their male counterparts when comparing within each gender. The gender wage gap within each sector is positive and favours males, most notably in the private sector. Estimates of any wage premiums at the mean cloud differences along the wage distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49163662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
Labour-England
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1