Pub Date : 2022-09-25DOI: 10.1177/02762374221128729
S. Chambers
The way in which platforms curate and assemble the music they present plays an important role in mediating fields of artistic practice to audiences. The different curatorial logics of platforms help shape the way audiences understand the contours of a field of creative practice and the extent to which they are exposed to novel and unfamiliar sounds. This article draws on a large-scale content analysis of how classical music is represented on each of radio, digital playlists and live concert programming to investigate the degree to which each platform supports audiences to engage with unfamiliar music. Incorporating novel approaches to measuring familiarity, the results demonstrate that concerts provide the most diverse and varied programming, whereas digital playlists assemble the most homogeneous musical landscape for listeners. As audiences increasingly shift to digital platforms, these curatorial patterns have significant implications for artistic practices by limiting opportunities for less established and more esoteric voices.
{"title":"The Curation of Music Discovery: The Presentation of Unfamiliar Classical Music on Radio, Digital Playlists and Concert Programmes","authors":"S. Chambers","doi":"10.1177/02762374221128729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221128729","url":null,"abstract":"The way in which platforms curate and assemble the music they present plays an important role in mediating fields of artistic practice to audiences. The different curatorial logics of platforms help shape the way audiences understand the contours of a field of creative practice and the extent to which they are exposed to novel and unfamiliar sounds. This article draws on a large-scale content analysis of how classical music is represented on each of radio, digital playlists and live concert programming to investigate the degree to which each platform supports audiences to engage with unfamiliar music. Incorporating novel approaches to measuring familiarity, the results demonstrate that concerts provide the most diverse and varied programming, whereas digital playlists assemble the most homogeneous musical landscape for listeners. As audiences increasingly shift to digital platforms, these curatorial patterns have significant implications for artistic practices by limiting opportunities for less established and more esoteric voices.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"304 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45765685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1177/02762374221118526
Julian Schaap, Michaël Berghman, Thomas Calkins
We employ a cognitive sociological perspective to empirically assess how the evaluation of music fragments – electronic dance music (EDM) in particular – is affected by the perceived attractiveness of a DJ, in relation to their gender. Using a survey experiment based on randomized vignettes within a sample of the US population (n = 2710), in which respondents evaluate music fragments randomly paired with images of DJs, we assess to what extent music evaluations are affected by artists’ 1) gender, 2) perceived attractiveness, and 3) the interaction between these traits (while controlling for race/ethnicity and respondent characteristics). We find a strong positive relationship between artists’ perceived attractiveness and how ‘their’ music is evaluated. While this is true regardless of DJ gender, attractiveness benefits male artists slightly more than female artists. These findings provide further empirical support for the notion that audiences include non-musical traits about artists in music evaluation processes.
{"title":"Attractive People Make Better Music? How Gender and Perceived Attractiveness Affect the Evaluation of Electronic Dance Music Artists","authors":"Julian Schaap, Michaël Berghman, Thomas Calkins","doi":"10.1177/02762374221118526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221118526","url":null,"abstract":"We employ a cognitive sociological perspective to empirically assess how the evaluation of music fragments – electronic dance music (EDM) in particular – is affected by the perceived attractiveness of a DJ, in relation to their gender. Using a survey experiment based on randomized vignettes within a sample of the US population (n = 2710), in which respondents evaluate music fragments randomly paired with images of DJs, we assess to what extent music evaluations are affected by artists’ 1) gender, 2) perceived attractiveness, and 3) the interaction between these traits (while controlling for race/ethnicity and respondent characteristics). We find a strong positive relationship between artists’ perceived attractiveness and how ‘their’ music is evaluated. While this is true regardless of DJ gender, attractiveness benefits male artists slightly more than female artists. These findings provide further empirical support for the notion that audiences include non-musical traits about artists in music evaluation processes.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"284 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47050955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1177/02762374221118522
Tali Gazit, Hadar Mass, Jenny Bronstein
Recent years have witnessed a growth in women’s reading clubs on social media platforms such as Facebook. Using the theoretical framework of Interactive Therapeutic Process, this study examines the different roles these groups play as platforms for serious leisure fostering socialization, self-expression, a deep engagement with literature, and mutual support between members. A qualitative research method using semi-structured in-depth interviews was employed to examine the thoughts and feelings of twenty women actively participating in two large Facebook reading groups. The findings show that the four stages of the Interactive Therapeutic Process – identification, projection, catharsis, and insight – occur on social media platforms. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed a fifth and new category of “communality.” This category, unique to Facebook groups, emphasizes the importance of a sense of belonging, which evokes a desire to share and receive support within the virtual group. The five stages appeared in three main information activities: reading, writing, and sharing. These findings contribute to the literature by providing a new perspective on online reading groups and the value they provide to their members. Sharing reading experiences online allows the members to cope with the different emotions evoked by reading and offers support in a safe and supportive environment.
{"title":"Examining Facebook Groups Engaging in Reading Experiences: The Interactive Therapeutic Process Perspective","authors":"Tali Gazit, Hadar Mass, Jenny Bronstein","doi":"10.1177/02762374221118522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221118522","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed a growth in women’s reading clubs on social media platforms such as Facebook. Using the theoretical framework of Interactive Therapeutic Process, this study examines the different roles these groups play as platforms for serious leisure fostering socialization, self-expression, a deep engagement with literature, and mutual support between members. A qualitative research method using semi-structured in-depth interviews was employed to examine the thoughts and feelings of twenty women actively participating in two large Facebook reading groups. The findings show that the four stages of the Interactive Therapeutic Process – identification, projection, catharsis, and insight – occur on social media platforms. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed a fifth and new category of “communality.” This category, unique to Facebook groups, emphasizes the importance of a sense of belonging, which evokes a desire to share and receive support within the virtual group. The five stages appeared in three main information activities: reading, writing, and sharing. These findings contribute to the literature by providing a new perspective on online reading groups and the value they provide to their members. Sharing reading experiences online allows the members to cope with the different emotions evoked by reading and offers support in a safe and supportive environment.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"259 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41394905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1177/02762374221103989
K. Gotthardt, K. Rakoczy, Miles Tallon, M. Seitz, Ulrich Frick
Cultural activities might serve as a buffer to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Frequencies of participants’ cultural activities in terms of participation in digital cultural offerings or self-initiated cultural activities during the pandemic are examined, and whether prior cultural engagement and valuing of culture have an impact on this participation. It is explored whether both forms of cultural activities are directly connected with psychological well-being, namely, optimism concerning COVID-19, and whether this relationship is mediated by autonomy, relatedness and aesthetic experience. Regression and mediation analysis were calculated (N = 398). Both cultural activities were related to increased aesthetic experience and perceived autonomy, but only participation in digital cultural offerings was connected to increased perceived relatedness. Relatedness, in turn, was connected to increased optimism. The results reflect the protective function of cultural activities on psychological well-being, demonstrating the importance of cultural life in times of adversity.
{"title":"Can the Arts Cure Pandemic Hearts? - Cultural Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences for Psychological Well-Being","authors":"K. Gotthardt, K. Rakoczy, Miles Tallon, M. Seitz, Ulrich Frick","doi":"10.1177/02762374221103989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221103989","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural activities might serve as a buffer to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Frequencies of participants’ cultural activities in terms of participation in digital cultural offerings or self-initiated cultural activities during the pandemic are examined, and whether prior cultural engagement and valuing of culture have an impact on this participation. It is explored whether both forms of cultural activities are directly connected with psychological well-being, namely, optimism concerning COVID-19, and whether this relationship is mediated by autonomy, relatedness and aesthetic experience. Regression and mediation analysis were calculated (N = 398). Both cultural activities were related to increased aesthetic experience and perceived autonomy, but only participation in digital cultural offerings was connected to increased perceived relatedness. Relatedness, in turn, was connected to increased optimism. The results reflect the protective function of cultural activities on psychological well-being, demonstrating the importance of cultural life in times of adversity.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"3 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1177/02762374221095482
Lena Wimmer, Layla El-Salahi, Hon W. J. Lee, H. Ferguson
We report two pre-registered experiments investigating some of the conditions under which readers focus on aesthetically relevant object properties in text processing. Experiment 1 (N = 159) tested the role of narrativity, psychological information about textual characters, and readers’ identification with them. Participants’ focus on aesthetically relevant object properties was stronger after reading a narrative than an expository text. This relationship between participants’ focus and narrativity was not affected by information about textual characters, or readers’ identification with them. Experiment 2 (N = 159) tested the role of narrativity, literariness, and readers’ perception of literary features. Again, reading a narrative led to a stronger focus on aesthetically relevant object properties than reading an expository text. The effect of literary narratives was meditated by readers’ perception of literary features. In sum, narrativity and literariness, but not information about characters or identification with them affect the degree to which readers focus on aesthetically relevant object properties.
{"title":"Narrativity and Literariness Affect the Aesthetic Attitude in Text Reading","authors":"Lena Wimmer, Layla El-Salahi, Hon W. J. Lee, H. Ferguson","doi":"10.1177/02762374221095482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221095482","url":null,"abstract":"We report two pre-registered experiments investigating some of the conditions under which readers focus on aesthetically relevant object properties in text processing. Experiment 1 (N = 159) tested the role of narrativity, psychological information about textual characters, and readers’ identification with them. Participants’ focus on aesthetically relevant object properties was stronger after reading a narrative than an expository text. This relationship between participants’ focus and narrativity was not affected by information about textual characters, or readers’ identification with them. Experiment 2 (N = 159) tested the role of narrativity, literariness, and readers’ perception of literary features. Again, reading a narrative led to a stronger focus on aesthetically relevant object properties than reading an expository text. The effect of literary narratives was meditated by readers’ perception of literary features. In sum, narrativity and literariness, but not information about characters or identification with them affect the degree to which readers focus on aesthetically relevant object properties.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"231 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41473254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1177/02762374221094137
Safia Najwa Suhaimi, B. Kuys, Deirdre Barron, Nuoya Li, Zainurul Rahman, A. Whitfield
There is a long history of humans attempting to understand what drives aesthetic preference. One line of inquiry examines the effects of typicality and novelty on aesthetic responses to designed products. There is currently a wide support towards the ‘Most Advanced Yet Acceptable’ (MAYA) principle, and studies underpinning this have focused on everyday objects. Despite the differences in the function of everyday objects, what they all have in common is their visibility. This do not tell us whether the aesthetic processing will be the same when applied to less visible objects. A study was undertaken using industrial boilers as stimuli and conducted on 7-point Likert scales with participants from Australia and China. The results are unequivocal: novelty makes a medium contribution, while typicality makes a low contribution. This is inconsistent with the notion that typicality is a major determinant of aesthetic preference, suggesting that the current models of aesthetic preference need elaboration.
{"title":"Probing the Extremes of Aesthetics: The Role of Typicality and Novelty in the Aesthetic Preference of Industrial Boilers","authors":"Safia Najwa Suhaimi, B. Kuys, Deirdre Barron, Nuoya Li, Zainurul Rahman, A. Whitfield","doi":"10.1177/02762374221094137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221094137","url":null,"abstract":"There is a long history of humans attempting to understand what drives aesthetic preference. One line of inquiry examines the effects of typicality and novelty on aesthetic responses to designed products. There is currently a wide support towards the ‘Most Advanced Yet Acceptable’ (MAYA) principle, and studies underpinning this have focused on everyday objects. Despite the differences in the function of everyday objects, what they all have in common is their visibility. This do not tell us whether the aesthetic processing will be the same when applied to less visible objects. A study was undertaken using industrial boilers as stimuli and conducted on 7-point Likert scales with participants from Australia and China. The results are unequivocal: novelty makes a medium contribution, while typicality makes a low contribution. This is inconsistent with the notion that typicality is a major determinant of aesthetic preference, suggesting that the current models of aesthetic preference need elaboration.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"216 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48365802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1177/02762374221095701
Chantal A. Miller, R. Hübner
The relation between empathy and aesthetic experience has been stated early in empirical aesthetics. Aesthetic empathy means the ability to take the perspective of an artwork´s depicted content or form. Nowadays, empathy defines the ability to infer other persons´ mental states and feelings. In this study, we investigated the relationship between empathy and aesthetic response and aesthetic inference abilities. Subjects judged twenty-four visual artworks on an affective, a cognitive, and a beauty dimension, in a Self- and Other-assessment. We analyzed these data in relation to self-judged empathy on four dimensions: emotional and cognitive empathy in fictitious and in real-world situations. Additionally, we considered gender differences in empathy and aesthetic response. Results show (gender-specific) correlations between empathy and aesthetic response and aesthetic inference abilities. This supports the assumption that empathy assists to adopt the perspective of visual artworks as well as to infer the aesthetic preferences of other people.
{"title":"The Relations of Empathy and Gender to Aesthetic Response and Aesthetic Inference of Visual Artworks","authors":"Chantal A. Miller, R. Hübner","doi":"10.1177/02762374221095701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221095701","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between empathy and aesthetic experience has been stated early in empirical aesthetics. Aesthetic empathy means the ability to take the perspective of an artwork´s depicted content or form. Nowadays, empathy defines the ability to infer other persons´ mental states and feelings. In this study, we investigated the relationship between empathy and aesthetic response and aesthetic inference abilities. Subjects judged twenty-four visual artworks on an affective, a cognitive, and a beauty dimension, in a Self- and Other-assessment. We analyzed these data in relation to self-judged empathy on four dimensions: emotional and cognitive empathy in fictitious and in real-world situations. Additionally, we considered gender differences in empathy and aesthetic response. Results show (gender-specific) correlations between empathy and aesthetic response and aesthetic inference abilities. This supports the assumption that empathy assists to adopt the perspective of visual artworks as well as to infer the aesthetic preferences of other people.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"188 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42109291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1177/02762374221082505
Gabriela Durán-Barraza, Deepti Ghadiyaram, M. Peterson
Conceptual information is central to the field of artistic photography. Nonetheless, there are very few studies on the matter. Therefore, we investigated whether artist's conceptual titles affected viewers’ interest in artistic photographs. Experiment 1 showed that adding artist's conceptual titles increased both the rated liking of and interest in the photographs, whereas adding a descriptive title had no effect. For Experiment 2 participants judged the pairing of photographs with artist-generated conceptual titles as more appropriate than plausible or random pairings, supporting the view that artist's conceptual titles are an essential part of the artwork. In Experiment 3, interest was assessed by asking participants to place adjustable-size frames anywhere on the photographs. Participants selected more interest areas on photographs accompanied by conceptual titles than on those unaccompanied by titles. These findings support the hypothesis that conceptual information provided by the artist's titles increases interest and liking in photographs.
{"title":"Effects of Conceptual Titles on the Aesthetic Appreciation of Artistic Photographs","authors":"Gabriela Durán-Barraza, Deepti Ghadiyaram, M. Peterson","doi":"10.1177/02762374221082505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221082505","url":null,"abstract":"Conceptual information is central to the field of artistic photography. Nonetheless, there are very few studies on the matter. Therefore, we investigated whether artist's conceptual titles affected viewers’ interest in artistic photographs. Experiment 1 showed that adding artist's conceptual titles increased both the rated liking of and interest in the photographs, whereas adding a descriptive title had no effect. For Experiment 2 participants judged the pairing of photographs with artist-generated conceptual titles as more appropriate than plausible or random pairings, supporting the view that artist's conceptual titles are an essential part of the artwork. In Experiment 3, interest was assessed by asking participants to place adjustable-size frames anywhere on the photographs. Participants selected more interest areas on photographs accompanied by conceptual titles than on those unaccompanied by titles. These findings support the hypothesis that conceptual information provided by the artist's titles increases interest and liking in photographs.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"157 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45188473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/02762374221084212
Erick G. Chuquichambi, Daniela Sarria, G. Corradi, E. Munar
Lines contribute to the visual experience of drawings. People show a higher preference for curved than sharp angled lines. We studied preference for curvature using drawings of commonly-used objects drawn by design students. We also investigated the relationship of that preference with drawing preference. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed preference for the curved drawings in the laboratory and web-based contexts, respectively. Experiment 3 showed that the curved drawings were also preferred to draw than the sharp-angled ones. However, this effect only appeared when the drawings were made by hand, but not when they were made by computer. We found a moderate positive correlation between liking and drawing preference. This relationship was mainly explained by the hand-made drawings. Sex, art experience and openness to experience did not influence preference for curvature. Altogether, our findings support the curvature effect and the hypothesis that people prefer to draw what they like to see.
{"title":"Humans Prefer to See and Imagine Drawing Curved Objects","authors":"Erick G. Chuquichambi, Daniela Sarria, G. Corradi, E. Munar","doi":"10.1177/02762374221084212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374221084212","url":null,"abstract":"Lines contribute to the visual experience of drawings. People show a higher preference for curved than sharp angled lines. We studied preference for curvature using drawings of commonly-used objects drawn by design students. We also investigated the relationship of that preference with drawing preference. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed preference for the curved drawings in the laboratory and web-based contexts, respectively. Experiment 3 showed that the curved drawings were also preferred to draw than the sharp-angled ones. However, this effect only appeared when the drawings were made by hand, but not when they were made by computer. We found a moderate positive correlation between liking and drawing preference. This relationship was mainly explained by the hand-made drawings. Sex, art experience and openness to experience did not influence preference for curvature. Altogether, our findings support the curvature effect and the hypothesis that people prefer to draw what they like to see.","PeriodicalId":45870,"journal":{"name":"Empirical Studies of the Arts","volume":"41 1","pages":"135 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42440072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：