Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786278
Christina DeJong, Skyler J. Morgan, Alison Cox
ABSTRACT Research on myths about male rape victims and offenders indicates that men and heterosexual individuals tend to believe myths about male rape (MRMs), as do individuals with negative attitudes toward gay men. Many who support male rape myths assume that both male victims of rape and offenders are usually gay, or that straight men cannot be raped. Studies on MRM have portrayed male rape in an ‘everyday life’ context, but myths about male rape are likely shaped by its portrayal in film, television and popular culture. For example, respondents may attribute more blame to victims who are incarcerated as opposed to a victim raped by a stranger near their home. In this study, we assess support for myths about male rape victims and whether the context of the situation and various indicators of intolerance play a role in their beliefs. Specifically, we present four fictional scenarios of male rape to respondents: prison, in the military, during a conflict situation, and on a college campus. We find that respondents are less likely to support MRMs in the context of the military, and that race and gender also explain support for MRMs. Measures of intolerance are positively related to support for MRMs, with sexism having the strongest relationship with support.
{"title":"Male rape in context: measures of intolerance and support for male rape myths (MRMs)","authors":"Christina DeJong, Skyler J. Morgan, Alison Cox","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on myths about male rape victims and offenders indicates that men and heterosexual individuals tend to believe myths about male rape (MRMs), as do individuals with negative attitudes toward gay men. Many who support male rape myths assume that both male victims of rape and offenders are usually gay, or that straight men cannot be raped. Studies on MRM have portrayed male rape in an ‘everyday life’ context, but myths about male rape are likely shaped by its portrayal in film, television and popular culture. For example, respondents may attribute more blame to victims who are incarcerated as opposed to a victim raped by a stranger near their home. In this study, we assess support for myths about male rape victims and whether the context of the situation and various indicators of intolerance play a role in their beliefs. Specifically, we present four fictional scenarios of male rape to respondents: prison, in the military, during a conflict situation, and on a college campus. We find that respondents are less likely to support MRMs in the context of the military, and that race and gender also explain support for MRMs. Measures of intolerance are positively related to support for MRMs, with sexism having the strongest relationship with support.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"33 1","pages":"195 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786277
Lynn A. Addington
ABSTRACT Growing research attention is being devoted to intimate partner violence (IPV) involving sexual minority individuals, which is providing insights about prevalence and disclosure patterns. While this work consistently finds that sexual minority IPV victims are reluctant to report to the police, little is known about actual police response to these victims. One unexplored area concerns how growing societal support and legal recognition of same-sex relationships might affect police response to IPV such as arrest. This issue is particularly timely given the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that legalized same-sex marriage. The present study examines police response to IPV involving same-sex couples using arrest data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Findings indicate a relationship between legal recognition of same-sex marriage and arrest in IPV cases for both male and female same-sex couples. Implications of these findings for policy and future research are discussed.
{"title":"Police response to same-sex intimate partner violence in the marriage equality era","authors":"Lynn A. Addington","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Growing research attention is being devoted to intimate partner violence (IPV) involving sexual minority individuals, which is providing insights about prevalence and disclosure patterns. While this work consistently finds that sexual minority IPV victims are reluctant to report to the police, little is known about actual police response to these victims. One unexplored area concerns how growing societal support and legal recognition of same-sex relationships might affect police response to IPV such as arrest. This issue is particularly timely given the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that legalized same-sex marriage. The present study examines police response to IPV involving same-sex couples using arrest data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Findings indicate a relationship between legal recognition of same-sex marriage and arrest in IPV cases for both male and female same-sex couples. Implications of these findings for policy and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"33 1","pages":"213 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-26DOI: 10.1080/1478601x.2020.1784163
G. Walters
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1. determine whether an affective-cognitive construct, hostility, and a cognitive-affective criminal thinking style, reactive criminal thinking (RCT), mediate the relationship between prior violent victimization and future violent offending, and 2. ascertain whether mediator order – hostility before RCT and RCT before hostility – makes a difference in the overall results. Using seven waves of data, three overlapping analyses were performed on data provided by 1,354 youth (1,170 males, 184 females; mean age = 16.04 years) from the Pathways to Desistance study. A two-mediator pathway that placed hostility before RCT (Victimization-1/2/3 → Hostility-2/3/4 → RCT-3/4/5 → Offending-4/5/6) proved significant in all three analyses, whereas the alternate two-mediator pathway, in which the order of the two mediators was reversed (i.e. RCT-2/3/4 → Hostility-3/4/5), was non-significant in two out of the three analyses. Five single-mediator pathways, four of which were mediated by hostility, were also significant. Congruent with aspects of both general strain and criminal lifestyle theories, violent victimization appeared to stimulate short-term situational hostility, which, in turn, facilitated or primed formation of reactive criminal thinking and the youth’s eventual participation in criminal violence, although hostility alone had a significant impact on criminal violence as well.
{"title":"Hostility and reactive criminal thinking as mediators of the violent victimization–violent offending relationship: affect before cognition?","authors":"G. Walters","doi":"10.1080/1478601x.2020.1784163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2020.1784163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1. determine whether an affective-cognitive construct, hostility, and a cognitive-affective criminal thinking style, reactive criminal thinking (RCT), mediate the relationship between prior violent victimization and future violent offending, and 2. ascertain whether mediator order – hostility before RCT and RCT before hostility – makes a difference in the overall results. Using seven waves of data, three overlapping analyses were performed on data provided by 1,354 youth (1,170 males, 184 females; mean age = 16.04 years) from the Pathways to Desistance study. A two-mediator pathway that placed hostility before RCT (Victimization-1/2/3 → Hostility-2/3/4 → RCT-3/4/5 → Offending-4/5/6) proved significant in all three analyses, whereas the alternate two-mediator pathway, in which the order of the two mediators was reversed (i.e. RCT-2/3/4 → Hostility-3/4/5), was non-significant in two out of the three analyses. Five single-mediator pathways, four of which were mediated by hostility, were also significant. Congruent with aspects of both general strain and criminal lifestyle theories, violent victimization appeared to stimulate short-term situational hostility, which, in turn, facilitated or primed formation of reactive criminal thinking and the youth’s eventual participation in criminal violence, although hostility alone had a significant impact on criminal violence as well.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"33 1","pages":"316 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601x.2020.1784163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786283
Jace Valcore, K. Buckler
ABSTRACT The Pulse nightclub mass shooting is a defining event for the LGBTQ and Latinx communities. It signified that much remains to be done to achieve true equality and equitable treatment over and above the symbolic mentions of it in law and public policy. The news media is an important mechanism for communication of meaning following tragic and painful events such as the Pulse shooting. This study examined how the Pulse nightclub shooting that occurred on 12 June 2016, was covered by influential national newspapers in the United States, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and USA Today, to determine how the event was framed, what types of sources were relied upon, and what types of social and legal solutions were emphasized. The unit of analysis was direct and indirect quotes in each news article. Content analysis revealed that the dominant framing of the attack was that of a terrorist act committed by a pathological, ideologically motivated offender. The most common control mechanism discussed were soft measures, particularly gun control. Little attention was given to the victims or the anti-LGBTQ nature of the shooting.
{"title":"An act of terror and an act of hate: national elite and populace newspaper framing of pulse nightclub shooting","authors":"Jace Valcore, K. Buckler","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Pulse nightclub mass shooting is a defining event for the LGBTQ and Latinx communities. It signified that much remains to be done to achieve true equality and equitable treatment over and above the symbolic mentions of it in law and public policy. The news media is an important mechanism for communication of meaning following tragic and painful events such as the Pulse shooting. This study examined how the Pulse nightclub shooting that occurred on 12 June 2016, was covered by influential national newspapers in the United States, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and USA Today, to determine how the event was framed, what types of sources were relied upon, and what types of social and legal solutions were emphasized. The unit of analysis was direct and indirect quotes in each news article. Content analysis revealed that the dominant framing of the attack was that of a terrorist act committed by a pathological, ideologically motivated offender. The most common control mechanism discussed were soft measures, particularly gun control. Little attention was given to the victims or the anti-LGBTQ nature of the shooting.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"33 1","pages":"276 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1786283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48010336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1771332
A. Cook, S. Haynes
ABSTRACT Research has shown that imprisonment has a criminogenic effect, but few studies have examined why this relationship exists. Drawing on Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST) and survey data from a sample of men and women incarcerated in a large Southern prison, the current study examined the role of both imprisonment pains and reentry strains on perceived likelihood of reoffending. It also examined differences between first-time and repeat prisoners. Results from the overall sample showed that reentry strains (i.e., low community capital and inability to adjust to life in the community) mattered more than imprisonment pains. The results were similar for repeat prisoners, but both imprisonment pains (i.e., fear for one’s safety while in prison) and reentry strains (i.e., low community capital) mattered for first-time prisoners.
{"title":"Imprisonment pains, reentry strains, and perceived likelihood of reoffending","authors":"A. Cook, S. Haynes","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1771332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1771332","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research has shown that imprisonment has a criminogenic effect, but few studies have examined why this relationship exists. Drawing on Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST) and survey data from a sample of men and women incarcerated in a large Southern prison, the current study examined the role of both imprisonment pains and reentry strains on perceived likelihood of reoffending. It also examined differences between first-time and repeat prisoners. Results from the overall sample showed that reentry strains (i.e., low community capital and inability to adjust to life in the community) mattered more than imprisonment pains. The results were similar for repeat prisoners, but both imprisonment pains (i.e., fear for one’s safety while in prison) and reentry strains (i.e., low community capital) mattered for first-time prisoners.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"34 1","pages":"16 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1771332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1762082
E. Lambert, M. Leone, N. Hogan, Z. Buckner, R. Worley, Vidisha Barua Worley
ABSTRACT Staff are the most vital resource for any correctional facility. As corrections is a very expensive budget item in the U.S., finding and keeping dedicated employees is essential. Organizational commitment refers the bond between correctional staff and their institution. A strong bond is essential for the safety and security of both employees and inmates, as well as ensuring that the institution runs effectively. This review explores past research on three different types of organizational commitment (affective, moral, and continuance), in order to summarize past results and to reveal areas remaining unexplored. This paper examines both the antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Through a systematic review of past studies, we have identified both positive and negative workplace factors that influence organizational commitment. In addition, we report how organizational commitment affects various outcomes, such as burnout and turnover intent. Understanding how to increase staff commitment can provide a blueprint for administrators to enhance correctional operations and employee satisfaction.
{"title":"To be committed or not: a systematic review of the empirical literature on organizational commitment among correctional staff","authors":"E. Lambert, M. Leone, N. Hogan, Z. Buckner, R. Worley, Vidisha Barua Worley","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1762082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1762082","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Staff are the most vital resource for any correctional facility. As corrections is a very expensive budget item in the U.S., finding and keeping dedicated employees is essential. Organizational commitment refers the bond between correctional staff and their institution. A strong bond is essential for the safety and security of both employees and inmates, as well as ensuring that the institution runs effectively. This review explores past research on three different types of organizational commitment (affective, moral, and continuance), in order to summarize past results and to reveal areas remaining unexplored. This paper examines both the antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Through a systematic review of past studies, we have identified both positive and negative workplace factors that influence organizational commitment. In addition, we report how organizational commitment affects various outcomes, such as burnout and turnover intent. Understanding how to increase staff commitment can provide a blueprint for administrators to enhance correctional operations and employee satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"34 1","pages":"88 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1762082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1763985
P. Bleakley
ABSTRACT The specialist squad is a common aspect of modern intelligence-led policing. Officers seconded to such units learn from the institutional knowledge and experience in a certain area of enforcement, allowing them to develop an expertise that enables proactive policing. While the utility of specialist squads is clear, the vulnerability of officers attached to them to become involved in corruption is also high. Corruption research argues that officers in squads are at risk of engaging in misconduct for a variety of reasons, such as the low visibility of their work and the necessity of building relationships with criminal actors. The history of police corruption in Australia supports this theory, with a range of examples of corruption in specialist squads to be found across the country. From an historical criminology perspective, this article explores the corruption in Australia’s specialist squads to discuss why risk factors were not addressed despite being consistently identified in the past. It also looks at attempts by police administrators and governments to deal with corruption in specialist squads, evaluating the efficiency of these strategies with a view to informing future anticorruption measures.
{"title":"The trouble with squads: accounting for corruption in Australia’s specialist policing units","authors":"P. Bleakley","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1763985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1763985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The specialist squad is a common aspect of modern intelligence-led policing. Officers seconded to such units learn from the institutional knowledge and experience in a certain area of enforcement, allowing them to develop an expertise that enables proactive policing. While the utility of specialist squads is clear, the vulnerability of officers attached to them to become involved in corruption is also high. Corruption research argues that officers in squads are at risk of engaging in misconduct for a variety of reasons, such as the low visibility of their work and the necessity of building relationships with criminal actors. The history of police corruption in Australia supports this theory, with a range of examples of corruption in specialist squads to be found across the country. From an historical criminology perspective, this article explores the corruption in Australia’s specialist squads to discuss why risk factors were not addressed despite being consistently identified in the past. It also looks at attempts by police administrators and governments to deal with corruption in specialist squads, evaluating the efficiency of these strategies with a view to informing future anticorruption measures.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"34 1","pages":"115 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1763985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48860322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1753042
Gregory C. Rocheleau, Christopher R. Dennison, Jessica G. Finkeldey, Mackenzie F. Reiber
ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that problem gambling is associated with various deviant outcomes. Little research, however, has considered the extent to which such relationships vary by subgroups of the population. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 9,644), this study examines the relationship between problem gambling in young adulthood and a range of deviant behaviors (i.e. binge drinking, marijuana use, instrumental crime, violent crime) and whether these relationships vary by family social class background. Results from logistic regressions reveal that problem gamblers have increased odds of engaging in weekly binge drinking, weekly marijuana use, and any instrumental crime. Furthermore, findings show that the relationship between problem gambling and weekly binge drinking is stronger for those from higher family social class backgrounds, but that the relationship between problem gambling and instrumental crime is stronger for those from lower family social class backgrounds. Implications of these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Social class differences in the relationships between problem gambling and deviant behavior","authors":"Gregory C. Rocheleau, Christopher R. Dennison, Jessica G. Finkeldey, Mackenzie F. Reiber","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1753042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1753042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that problem gambling is associated with various deviant outcomes. Little research, however, has considered the extent to which such relationships vary by subgroups of the population. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 9,644), this study examines the relationship between problem gambling in young adulthood and a range of deviant behaviors (i.e. binge drinking, marijuana use, instrumental crime, violent crime) and whether these relationships vary by family social class background. Results from logistic regressions reveal that problem gamblers have increased odds of engaging in weekly binge drinking, weekly marijuana use, and any instrumental crime. Furthermore, findings show that the relationship between problem gambling and weekly binge drinking is stronger for those from higher family social class backgrounds, but that the relationship between problem gambling and instrumental crime is stronger for those from lower family social class backgrounds. Implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"34 1","pages":"68 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1753042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47918541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2019.1674485
Mathilda Spencer
ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence differs considerably from other forms of violence, given the relationship between the offender and the victim. Domestic violence therefore presents several complications for effective probation supervision. Lack of adequate supervision and treatment of Domestic Violence Offenders (DVOs) can result in continued victimization, or worse, a fatality. Moreover, evidence concerning the effectiveness of DVO supervision is of little use without understanding how probation officers supervise offenders and implement strategies. This research explores the extent of probation officers’ (POs) knowledge about the Model for Domestic Violence Intervention and Supervision for Pennsylvania County Adult Probation and Parole Departments, their use of that knowledge, and predictors of effective DVO supervision. Our main findings indicate that (a) although most POs were often unaware of the PCADV Model per se, a considerable number of them used the techniques that are detailed in the Model to supervise DVOs on their caseload; and (b) POs do require specialized skills to effectively work with DVOs. An unexpected finding of this study was the impact of a POs gender on DVO supervision.
{"title":"Supervision of the domestic violence offender: an exploratory study","authors":"Mathilda Spencer","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2019.1674485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2019.1674485","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence differs considerably from other forms of violence, given the relationship between the offender and the victim. Domestic violence therefore presents several complications for effective probation supervision. Lack of adequate supervision and treatment of Domestic Violence Offenders (DVOs) can result in continued victimization, or worse, a fatality. Moreover, evidence concerning the effectiveness of DVO supervision is of little use without understanding how probation officers supervise offenders and implement strategies. This research explores the extent of probation officers’ (POs) knowledge about the Model for Domestic Violence Intervention and Supervision for Pennsylvania County Adult Probation and Parole Departments, their use of that knowledge, and predictors of effective DVO supervision. Our main findings indicate that (a) although most POs were often unaware of the PCADV Model per se, a considerable number of them used the techniques that are detailed in the Model to supervise DVOs on their caseload; and (b) POs do require specialized skills to effectively work with DVOs. An unexpected finding of this study was the impact of a POs gender on DVO supervision.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"33 1","pages":"113 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2019.1674485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46889488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2019.1699557
Scott W. Phillips
ABSTRACT There is an assumption that the police work environment, which now includes cell phone videos, social media posts, and heightened media attention, is causing police officers to avoid activity that risks exposing them to negative publicity. Commonly referred to as ‘de-policing’ or ‘the Ferguson effect,” officers are assumed to be retreating from proactive law enforcement tactics. In order to uncover the views of law enforcement, police personnel from New York and Texas responded to an online survey that included a vignette. The scenario described several conditions that might impact an officer’s decision-making, and a final decision by the officer in the vignette. The findings suggest two somewhat contradictory views of law enforcement personnel with respect to de-policing. First, respondents clearly disagree with an officer’s decision to simply avoid a suspicious incident. Second, police officers may also be framing their decisions based on a potential threat to their career. Implications for law enforcement leaders are also discussed.
{"title":"Exploring law enforcement’s views of de-policing: a vignette research design","authors":"Scott W. Phillips","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2019.1699557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2019.1699557","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is an assumption that the police work environment, which now includes cell phone videos, social media posts, and heightened media attention, is causing police officers to avoid activity that risks exposing them to negative publicity. Commonly referred to as ‘de-policing’ or ‘the Ferguson effect,” officers are assumed to be retreating from proactive law enforcement tactics. In order to uncover the views of law enforcement, police personnel from New York and Texas responded to an online survey that included a vignette. The scenario described several conditions that might impact an officer’s decision-making, and a final decision by the officer in the vignette. The findings suggest two somewhat contradictory views of law enforcement personnel with respect to de-policing. First, respondents clearly disagree with an officer’s decision to simply avoid a suspicious incident. Second, police officers may also be framing their decisions based on a potential threat to their career. Implications for law enforcement leaders are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":"33 1","pages":"178 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2019.1699557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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