Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.1964694
D. Jones-Brown, Akiv J. Dawson, Kwan-Lamar Blount-Hill, K. Fuller, P. Oder, Henry F. Fradella
ABSTRACT Duty to intervene (DTI) policies impose an obligation on peer officers to prevent or terminate unreasonable force occurring in their presence. But policing suffers from an organizational culture that may thwart this stated duty. By examining the facts related to the deaths of Eric Garner in New York, Freddie Gray in Baltimore, and George Floyd in Minneapolis against existing DTI policies and the reasonableness requirement articulated in Graham v. Connor, we conclude that their deaths should have been prevented by officer intervention. In an empirical analysis of the standard operating procedures of the police departments for the 30 largest U.S. cities, we found that less than half had DTI policies and that the content of the existing policies varied significantly. This variation may have contributed to our finding that departments with DTI policies did not report fewer officer-involved deaths (OIDs) than departments without such policies. However, nearly half of the departments with DTI policies did report fewer multi-officer OIDs than single-officer OIDs. Compared to departments without DTI policies, more OIDs in departments with DTI policies resulted in formal charges. We recommend mandating the adoption of a uniform DTI policy as a mechanism for enhanced police accountability in officer-involved killings.
{"title":"Am I my brother’s keeper? Can duty to intervene policies save lives and reduce the need for special prosecutors in officer-involved homicide cases?","authors":"D. Jones-Brown, Akiv J. Dawson, Kwan-Lamar Blount-Hill, K. Fuller, P. Oder, Henry F. Fradella","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.1964694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.1964694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Duty to intervene (DTI) policies impose an obligation on peer officers to prevent or terminate unreasonable force occurring in their presence. But policing suffers from an organizational culture that may thwart this stated duty. By examining the facts related to the deaths of Eric Garner in New York, Freddie Gray in Baltimore, and George Floyd in Minneapolis against existing DTI policies and the reasonableness requirement articulated in Graham v. Connor, we conclude that their deaths should have been prevented by officer intervention. In an empirical analysis of the standard operating procedures of the police departments for the 30 largest U.S. cities, we found that less than half had DTI policies and that the content of the existing policies varied significantly. This variation may have contributed to our finding that departments with DTI policies did not report fewer officer-involved deaths (OIDs) than departments without such policies. However, nearly half of the departments with DTI policies did report fewer multi-officer OIDs than single-officer OIDs. Compared to departments without DTI policies, more OIDs in departments with DTI policies resulted in formal charges. We recommend mandating the adoption of a uniform DTI policy as a mechanism for enhanced police accountability in officer-involved killings.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47267066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.1929207
K. Mack, Gayle Rhineberger-Dunn
ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to examine if job stress and job satisfaction differed for juvenile detention officers compared to juvenile probation officers. Specifically, we assessed if there were different determinants (e.g., gender, education, supervisor/co-worker support, perceptions of dangerousness, and several role-related variables) of job stress compared to job satisfaction, and then we established which group of variables (i.e., individual, job, or organizational) had a greater overall impact on these outcomes. Using data collected from nearly 300 juvenile probation and detention officers across the Midwest, the ordinary least squares regression analysis found that job stress and job satisfaction did not vary by job position, but there were different predictors for each outcome. Role conflict and role overload had significant effects on job stress, while perceived dangerousness, role overload, input into decision-making, and lack of opportunities were significant determinants of job satisfaction. Additionally, job perceptions had the strongest relative impact on job stress, while organizational factors were the most influential for job satisfaction.
{"title":"What matters most? Comparing the impact of individual, job, and organizational factors on job stress and job satisfaction among juvenile justice personnel","authors":"K. Mack, Gayle Rhineberger-Dunn","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.1929207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.1929207","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to examine if job stress and job satisfaction differed for juvenile detention officers compared to juvenile probation officers. Specifically, we assessed if there were different determinants (e.g., gender, education, supervisor/co-worker support, perceptions of dangerousness, and several role-related variables) of job stress compared to job satisfaction, and then we established which group of variables (i.e., individual, job, or organizational) had a greater overall impact on these outcomes. Using data collected from nearly 300 juvenile probation and detention officers across the Midwest, the ordinary least squares regression analysis found that job stress and job satisfaction did not vary by job position, but there were different predictors for each outcome. Role conflict and role overload had significant effects on job stress, while perceived dangerousness, role overload, input into decision-making, and lack of opportunities were significant determinants of job satisfaction. Additionally, job perceptions had the strongest relative impact on job stress, while organizational factors were the most influential for job satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2021.1929207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45330677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.1910507
Nathaniel Lawshe
ABSTRACT Abstract There is evidence that body-worn cameras decrease rates of police use of force and improve citizens’ perceptions of police legitimacy. Yet, research examining the processes leading agencies to adopt body-worn cameras is sparse. Using the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) data from U.S. police agencies of all sizes, this study examines the relevance of institutional perviousness for body-worn camera adoption. Perviousness governs the chances that an organization adopts a new policy or practice, as well as the extent to which an organization is internally aligned to implement the new innovation. Results demonstrate that perviousness increases the odds of agency body-worn camera adoption, alongside other organizational characteristics. The findings suggest that future research should consider the potential impact of perviousness when investigating other organizational outputs.
{"title":"Investigating the influence of institutional perviousness on the adoption of body-worn cameras by United States police agencies","authors":"Nathaniel Lawshe","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.1910507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.1910507","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Abstract There is evidence that body-worn cameras decrease rates of police use of force and improve citizens’ perceptions of police legitimacy. Yet, research examining the processes leading agencies to adopt body-worn cameras is sparse. Using the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) data from U.S. police agencies of all sizes, this study examines the relevance of institutional perviousness for body-worn camera adoption. Perviousness governs the chances that an organization adopts a new policy or practice, as well as the extent to which an organization is internally aligned to implement the new innovation. Results demonstrate that perviousness increases the odds of agency body-worn camera adoption, alongside other organizational characteristics. The findings suggest that future research should consider the potential impact of perviousness when investigating other organizational outputs.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2021.1910507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47319123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1802591
W. Morrow, S. Vickovic, John A. Shjarback
ABSTRACT The process-based model of regulation has become a dominant framework for understanding why people obey the law. Grounded in past and present research, the current study explores how the process-based model of regulation may explain motivational differences for entering the police profession in the post-Ferguson time era: a time period in which police agencies are expressing increased difficulties recruiting and hiring new officers. Some commentators have attributed these challenges to the heightened levels of public and media scrutiny. Considering the hiring challenges faced by law enforcement agencies, the current study investigates whether students’ (i.e. prospective police officers) motivation to enter the police profession is influenced by the procedurally just treatment of individuals by the police. Using a sample of college students from two universities, the findings provide support for the aforementioned inquiry. The implications of these findings are contextualized against the backdrop of the Ferguson Effect, procedural justice, and hiring challenges in the police profession.
{"title":"Motivation to enter the police profession in the post-Ferguson era: an exploratory analysis of procedural justice","authors":"W. Morrow, S. Vickovic, John A. Shjarback","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1802591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1802591","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The process-based model of regulation has become a dominant framework for understanding why people obey the law. Grounded in past and present research, the current study explores how the process-based model of regulation may explain motivational differences for entering the police profession in the post-Ferguson time era: a time period in which police agencies are expressing increased difficulties recruiting and hiring new officers. Some commentators have attributed these challenges to the heightened levels of public and media scrutiny. Considering the hiring challenges faced by law enforcement agencies, the current study investigates whether students’ (i.e. prospective police officers) motivation to enter the police profession is influenced by the procedurally just treatment of individuals by the police. Using a sample of college students from two universities, the findings provide support for the aforementioned inquiry. The implications of these findings are contextualized against the backdrop of the Ferguson Effect, procedural justice, and hiring challenges in the police profession.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1802591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44028622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1827589
Jenelle Power, Hayden P. Smith, Shelley L. Brown
ABSTRACT Research suggests that coping deficits play an important role in understanding offender behavior. The present study examines the use of the Brief COPE among a sample of 377 federally incarcerated Canada inmates. Using principal axis factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis, an eight factor structure was supported: (1) Support Seeking (α =.86); (2) Acceptance (α =.76); (3) Disengagement (α =.75); (4) Active Coping (α =.64); (5) Substance Use (α =.90); (6) Humor (α =.78); (7) Religion (α =.84); and (8) Self-Blame (α =.77). Factors were comprised of two to four items, with five that did not load onto any factor. Findings indicate that the Brief COPE constitutes a short, accessible, and validated measure of coping styles that is suitable for use with offender populations.
{"title":"The brief COPE: a factorial structure for incarcerated adults","authors":"Jenelle Power, Hayden P. Smith, Shelley L. Brown","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1827589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1827589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research suggests that coping deficits play an important role in understanding offender behavior. The present study examines the use of the Brief COPE among a sample of 377 federally incarcerated Canada inmates. Using principal axis factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis, an eight factor structure was supported: (1) Support Seeking (α =.86); (2) Acceptance (α =.76); (3) Disengagement (α =.75); (4) Active Coping (α =.64); (5) Substance Use (α =.90); (6) Humor (α =.78); (7) Religion (α =.84); and (8) Self-Blame (α =.77). Factors were comprised of two to four items, with five that did not load onto any factor. Findings indicate that the Brief COPE constitutes a short, accessible, and validated measure of coping styles that is suitable for use with offender populations.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1827589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44991605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1868455
Phillip M. Kopp, C. Gardiner
ABSTRACT Research finds that the public generally supports the use of Body-Worn Cameras (BWC) by police. Much of the support for BWCs is attributed to the technology’s ability to promote police accountability and enhance perceptions of law enforcement transparency, while also providing support to uniformed personnel. However, we do not really know why the public supports BWC usage by police because research on the technology’s potential benefits and related deployment issues is still in its infancy. The few studies that have sought to unravel the predictors of public support for BWC have focused their attention on the benefits the public perceives will accompany the use of BWC to the virtual exclusion of the concerns they may have with the technology. Using survey data collected from 431 residents of a mid-size city in Southern California, this study expands our knowledge of the influences of public support for BWC by including a comprehensive measure of the public’s perceived concerns, including privacy, cost, technology limitations, and the possible manipulation of BWC footage. Findings revealed that public support was significantly influenced by respondents’ perceived benefits and their perceived concerns about BWC, while controlling for demographic characteristics.
{"title":"Public support for body-worn cameras: the need for inclusion of more comprehensive measures of public concerns","authors":"Phillip M. Kopp, C. Gardiner","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1868455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1868455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research finds that the public generally supports the use of Body-Worn Cameras (BWC) by police. Much of the support for BWCs is attributed to the technology’s ability to promote police accountability and enhance perceptions of law enforcement transparency, while also providing support to uniformed personnel. However, we do not really know why the public supports BWC usage by police because research on the technology’s potential benefits and related deployment issues is still in its infancy. The few studies that have sought to unravel the predictors of public support for BWC have focused their attention on the benefits the public perceives will accompany the use of BWC to the virtual exclusion of the concerns they may have with the technology. Using survey data collected from 431 residents of a mid-size city in Southern California, this study expands our knowledge of the influences of public support for BWC by including a comprehensive measure of the public’s perceived concerns, including privacy, cost, technology limitations, and the possible manipulation of BWC footage. Findings revealed that public support was significantly influenced by respondents’ perceived benefits and their perceived concerns about BWC, while controlling for demographic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1868455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41713345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1867984
Gregory C. Rocheleau
ABSTRACT Prior scholarship has raised concerns over potential selection effects with religion-deviant behavior relationships. Yet, few studies have attempted to account for selection beyond incorporating control measures in statistical models, and fewer still have done so using adult samples. Using data from the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 9,799), this study employs fixed-effects techniques to examine if religious bonds are related to deviant behaviors, and if these relationships are mediated by low self-control. Results from the fixed-effects logistic regressions show that increases in religious bonds are related to decreased odds of both substance use outcomes (binge drinking and marijuana use), but do not relate to non-violent deviance and are related to increased odds of violent deviance. Results further show that low self-control, while a significant predictor of each type of deviant behavior, fails to substantially mediate any of the relationships.
{"title":"Religious bonds, low self-control, and deviant behavior: a fixed-effects approach","authors":"Gregory C. Rocheleau","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1867984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1867984","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior scholarship has raised concerns over potential selection effects with religion-deviant behavior relationships. Yet, few studies have attempted to account for selection beyond incorporating control measures in statistical models, and fewer still have done so using adult samples. Using data from the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 9,799), this study employs fixed-effects techniques to examine if religious bonds are related to deviant behaviors, and if these relationships are mediated by low self-control. Results from the fixed-effects logistic regressions show that increases in religious bonds are related to decreased odds of both substance use outcomes (binge drinking and marijuana use), but do not relate to non-violent deviance and are related to increased odds of violent deviance. Results further show that low self-control, while a significant predictor of each type of deviant behavior, fails to substantially mediate any of the relationships.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1867984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46635019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860959
James C. McCutcheon
The study of place in relation to crime has its roots in the ecological works of Parks, Burgess, Shaw, McKay, and the Chicago School. Within this ecological framework the relationship between locat...
地方与犯罪的关系研究植根于帕克斯、伯吉斯、肖、麦凯和芝加哥学派的生态著作。在这个生态框架内。。。
{"title":"The impact of the interstate on violent crime in three southern states: do drugs play a role?","authors":"James C. McCutcheon","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860959","url":null,"abstract":"The study of place in relation to crime has its roots in the ecological works of Parks, Burgess, Shaw, McKay, and the Chicago School. Within this ecological framework the relationship between locat...","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44090329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860035
Stephen J. Watts, L. Wright
ABSTRACT Research has shown that military combat experience can shape later mental health in a negative fashion and increase subsequent antisocial behaviors. Limited research to date has attempted to explore if military combat experience is related to antisocial behaviors because it increases the likelihood of negative mental health states. Using general strain theory (GST) as a guide, the current study offers a preliminary test of how military combat experience, negative mental health, with a focus on depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and antisocial behavior, with a focus on criminal behavior, might relate together in a single theoretically informed model. Results from the Add Health sample suggest that military combat experience correlates with depressive symptoms, PTSD, and crime. Further, results suggest that PTSD, but not depressive symptoms, could potentially act as a mediator between military combat experience and subsequent criminal behavior. Implications for theory and policy are discussed.
{"title":"Military combat, mental health, and crime: A preliminary test of a general strain theory model","authors":"Stephen J. Watts, L. Wright","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860035","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research has shown that military combat experience can shape later mental health in a negative fashion and increase subsequent antisocial behaviors. Limited research to date has attempted to explore if military combat experience is related to antisocial behaviors because it increases the likelihood of negative mental health states. Using general strain theory (GST) as a guide, the current study offers a preliminary test of how military combat experience, negative mental health, with a focus on depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and antisocial behavior, with a focus on criminal behavior, might relate together in a single theoretically informed model. Results from the Add Health sample suggest that military combat experience correlates with depressive symptoms, PTSD, and crime. Further, results suggest that PTSD, but not depressive symptoms, could potentially act as a mediator between military combat experience and subsequent criminal behavior. Implications for theory and policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1860035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44468383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-19DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2020.1824430
Monica K. Miller
ABSTRACT University affirmative consent (AC) policies indicate that potential sexual partners must give a clear ‘yes,’ confirming that they wish to engage in sexual activity. A lack of resistance or a failure to say ‘no’ is not enough to convey consent. These policies are critically important to both men and women, as they convey whether a student has committed a crime; yet, little is known about sentiment toward such policies. In general, understanding community sentiment is important to ensure that legal actions have the support (and ultimately, compliance) of the people who must obey them. This study investigated the support of two communities: students who are directly affected by AC polices, and community members who are not. Participants indicated their support for affirmative consent policies, beliefs about the effectiveness of affirmative consent policies, and beliefs about whether they themselves or college students would be able to comply with the policies. Sentiment toward affirmative consent polices was high (positive), although agreement that college students would be able to follow these policies was lower. Further, there was variation in sentiment, with females and students having more positive sentiment compared to males and community members. Implications for policymakers and education about AC policies are offered.
{"title":"Variations in community sentiment toward affirmative consent policies","authors":"Monica K. Miller","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2020.1824430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1824430","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT University affirmative consent (AC) policies indicate that potential sexual partners must give a clear ‘yes,’ confirming that they wish to engage in sexual activity. A lack of resistance or a failure to say ‘no’ is not enough to convey consent. These policies are critically important to both men and women, as they convey whether a student has committed a crime; yet, little is known about sentiment toward such policies. In general, understanding community sentiment is important to ensure that legal actions have the support (and ultimately, compliance) of the people who must obey them. This study investigated the support of two communities: students who are directly affected by AC polices, and community members who are not. Participants indicated their support for affirmative consent policies, beliefs about the effectiveness of affirmative consent policies, and beliefs about whether they themselves or college students would be able to comply with the policies. Sentiment toward affirmative consent polices was high (positive), although agreement that college students would be able to follow these policies was lower. Further, there was variation in sentiment, with females and students having more positive sentiment compared to males and community members. Implications for policymakers and education about AC policies are offered.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1478601X.2020.1824430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41714454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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