Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/14732254231202683
Sarah Brooks-Wilson
Youth justice commuting problems need better recognition due to the complex dispersal of practice sites and prevalence of characteristics associated with journey barriers. Applying a transport poverty framework to the youth justice population develops adult-focused research and establishes youth transport poverty for the first time. Data from 28 young people and 33 practitioners in two high-deprivation, post-industrial English towns suggests that free transport offers a partial solution. Recommendations indicate that inclusive communication and established education sector policies could support youth justice accessibility, help understand connections between over-representation and commuting problems, and support other contexts like education to employment transitions.
{"title":"The Youth Justice Commute (or the Institutional Construction of Youth Transport Poverty)","authors":"Sarah Brooks-Wilson","doi":"10.1177/14732254231202683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231202683","url":null,"abstract":"Youth justice commuting problems need better recognition due to the complex dispersal of practice sites and prevalence of characteristics associated with journey barriers. Applying a transport poverty framework to the youth justice population develops adult-focused research and establishes youth transport poverty for the first time. Data from 28 young people and 33 practitioners in two high-deprivation, post-industrial English towns suggests that free transport offers a partial solution. Recommendations indicate that inclusive communication and established education sector policies could support youth justice accessibility, help understand connections between over-representation and commuting problems, and support other contexts like education to employment transitions.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1177/14732254231206811
Brendan Coyle
This article delves into the pivotal role that police encounters play in shaping the experiences of 18- to 25-year-olds who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The study is anchored in an analysis of in-depth narrative interviews with young adults, predominantly young men, in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Their accounts unveil the latent risks of police approaches that may pivot on the ‘age and/or lack of maturity’ of young adults. Introducing the concept of ‘sheriff syndrome’, the research sheds light on the detrimental effects of entrenched, antecedent expectations regarding the behaviours, attitudes and (in)capacity for change of those over the age of 18 years. Participants’ accounts underscore the need for interactions that recognise and protect subjective elements of maturity, while cultivating opportunities for open, respectful and bidirectional communication between suspect populations of young adults and the police.
{"title":"Overcoming ‘Sheriff Syndrome’: Exploring Young Adults’ Experiences of Policing in Northern Ireland","authors":"Brendan Coyle","doi":"10.1177/14732254231206811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231206811","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the pivotal role that police encounters play in shaping the experiences of 18- to 25-year-olds who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The study is anchored in an analysis of in-depth narrative interviews with young adults, predominantly young men, in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Their accounts unveil the latent risks of police approaches that may pivot on the ‘age and/or lack of maturity’ of young adults. Introducing the concept of ‘sheriff syndrome’, the research sheds light on the detrimental effects of entrenched, antecedent expectations regarding the behaviours, attitudes and (in)capacity for change of those over the age of 18 years. Participants’ accounts underscore the need for interactions that recognise and protect subjective elements of maturity, while cultivating opportunities for open, respectful and bidirectional communication between suspect populations of young adults and the police.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.1177/14732254231208323
Stefaan Pleysier, Ursula Kilkelly
{"title":"The Right to Participation in Youth Justice Research","authors":"Stefaan Pleysier, Ursula Kilkelly","doi":"10.1177/14732254231208323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231208323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1177/14732254231202673
Julie Shaw
Despite the existence of a seemingly welfare-oriented policy approach, the victim status of criminally exploited children in the United Kingdom remains uncertain in frontline responses, where a culture of criminalisation endures. Drawing upon original research data, this article seeks to unpick and confront some of the complexities and tensions surrounding the assignment of victim status to children who are criminally exploited, specifically via ‘county lines’ drug dealing. It argues for an urgent reconsideration of how ‘county lines’ victimisation is framed in wider discourse, policy documentation and practitioner training, to reflect and acknowledge the experiences of children and young people.
{"title":"‘Won the Battle but Lost the War?’ ‘County Lines’ and the Quest for Victim Status: Reflections and Challenges","authors":"Julie Shaw","doi":"10.1177/14732254231202673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231202673","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the existence of a seemingly welfare-oriented policy approach, the victim status of criminally exploited children in the United Kingdom remains uncertain in frontline responses, where a culture of criminalisation endures. Drawing upon original research data, this article seeks to unpick and confront some of the complexities and tensions surrounding the assignment of victim status to children who are criminally exploited, specifically via ‘county lines’ drug dealing. It argues for an urgent reconsideration of how ‘county lines’ victimisation is framed in wider discourse, policy documentation and practitioner training, to reflect and acknowledge the experiences of children and young people.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1177/14732254231191978
Stephen Case, Ann Browning, Kathy Hampson
The ‘Child First’ guiding principle for practice in the Youth Justice System of England and Wales has a growing international evidence-base and is fully embedded in policy/strategy, yet remains underdeveloped in consistent, coherent practice across local agencies and areas. This raises the potential for a policy–strategy practice implementation gap. Focus-group consultations ( n = 11) with professional stakeholder groups (community, custody, strategy, inspectorate, and research) explored perceptions of the practice challenges to understanding, implementing and supporting Child First. Qualitative analysis identified child-centrism, professional relationships and cognisance as pivotal features of the effective realisation of Child First in practice.
{"title":"The Child First Strategy Implementation Project – Translating Strategy Into Practice","authors":"Stephen Case, Ann Browning, Kathy Hampson","doi":"10.1177/14732254231191978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231191978","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘Child First’ guiding principle for practice in the Youth Justice System of England and Wales has a growing international evidence-base and is fully embedded in policy/strategy, yet remains underdeveloped in consistent, coherent practice across local agencies and areas. This raises the potential for a policy–strategy practice implementation gap. Focus-group consultations ( n = 11) with professional stakeholder groups (community, custody, strategy, inspectorate, and research) explored perceptions of the practice challenges to understanding, implementing and supporting Child First. Qualitative analysis identified child-centrism, professional relationships and cognisance as pivotal features of the effective realisation of Child First in practice.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42850344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.1177/14732254231191977
J. Staines, C. Fitzpatrick, Julie Shaw, K. Hunter
Despite some positive developments within policy and practice, the over-representation of care-experienced children in the youth justice system remains of significant concern globally. Moreover, there is a relative lack of research or policy focusing specifically on the needs of care-experienced girls who become involved in offending behaviour. This article presents novel findings from interviews with 17 girls and young women and eight Youth Offending Team (YOT) staff, highlighting how being in care can affect offending behaviour and how YOTs may provide support to care-experienced girls who have been inadequately supported elsewhere. Reviewing research and practice through a gendered lens helps to demonstrate how and why care-experienced girls may be escalated through justice systems at a greater rate than boys. The provision of gender-specific, trauma-informed interventions by YOTs demonstrates how focusing on care-experienced girls’ well-being first is essential if their involvement in the youth justice system is to be reduced. Nonetheless, while YOTs can plug the gaps by providing valuable support within an unsatisfactory system, youth justice intervention must not be a default option for girls in care who exhibit ‘challenging’ behaviour.
{"title":"‘We Need to Tackle Their Well Being First’: Understanding and Supporting Care-Experienced Girls in the Youth Justice System","authors":"J. Staines, C. Fitzpatrick, Julie Shaw, K. Hunter","doi":"10.1177/14732254231191977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231191977","url":null,"abstract":"Despite some positive developments within policy and practice, the over-representation of care-experienced children in the youth justice system remains of significant concern globally. Moreover, there is a relative lack of research or policy focusing specifically on the needs of care-experienced girls who become involved in offending behaviour. This article presents novel findings from interviews with 17 girls and young women and eight Youth Offending Team (YOT) staff, highlighting how being in care can affect offending behaviour and how YOTs may provide support to care-experienced girls who have been inadequately supported elsewhere. Reviewing research and practice through a gendered lens helps to demonstrate how and why care-experienced girls may be escalated through justice systems at a greater rate than boys. The provision of gender-specific, trauma-informed interventions by YOTs demonstrates how focusing on care-experienced girls’ well-being first is essential if their involvement in the youth justice system is to be reduced. Nonetheless, while YOTs can plug the gaps by providing valuable support within an unsatisfactory system, youth justice intervention must not be a default option for girls in care who exhibit ‘challenging’ behaviour.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/14732254221104632
M. B. Haller, T. F. Søgaard, Torsten Kolind, Mads Madsen, G. Hunt, Tobias Kammersgaard
This article highlights the perspective of 39 young men who live and have friends in a Danish high-risk neighborhood. We look into their use of microlevel tactics to socialize with crime-involved friends while managing to abstain from crime. Maintaining this balance was a constant everyday processual negotiation of friendship relations, moral obligations, and risk assessment. However, the most severe consequences of having criminal friends were to endure police control and potentially be known and registered by the police as criminals or ‘gang-affiliated’. In that way, the criminal justice system was deeply entangled in the social lives of these young people.
{"title":"My Criminal Friend: Maneuvering Friendships and Abstaining from Crime in High-Risk Areas in Denmark","authors":"M. B. Haller, T. F. Søgaard, Torsten Kolind, Mads Madsen, G. Hunt, Tobias Kammersgaard","doi":"10.1177/14732254221104632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254221104632","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the perspective of 39 young men who live and have friends in a Danish high-risk neighborhood. We look into their use of microlevel tactics to socialize with crime-involved friends while managing to abstain from crime. Maintaining this balance was a constant everyday processual negotiation of friendship relations, moral obligations, and risk assessment. However, the most severe consequences of having criminal friends were to endure police control and potentially be known and registered by the police as criminals or ‘gang-affiliated’. In that way, the criminal justice system was deeply entangled in the social lives of these young people.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49583449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1177/14732254231185820
U. Kilkelly, Stefaan Pleysier
It is now several decades since the United Nations and other international bodies began to develop standards in relation to the protection of children’s rights in the child justice system. The adoption of the Beijing Rules (the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice) by the United Nations in 1985 represented an early milestone in the establishment of a progressive rights-based approach to children in conflict with the law. In 1989, the rights-based approach to youth justice became enshrined as binding international law with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Article 1 of the CRC makes clear that all children under 18 years are entitled to protection of their rights and under Article 3, the child’s best interests must be a primary consideration in all actions concerning the child whether taken by private or public bodies or welfare institutions. Together with the CRC’s other general principles – Article 2 which prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of Convention rights, Article 6 which provides for the child’s right to development, and Article 12 which requires states to assure to children the right to a say in matters that affect them – the Convention establishes that children are entitled to decision-making that is child-centred, non-discriminatory and informed both by children’s development and their views. In its first General Comment on the matter, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (the Committee), the body that monitors implementation of the CRC, made clear that states parties are required to apply these general principles systematically in the administration of child justice (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2007, para. 5). In addition to these general children’s rights principles, Articles 37 and 40 of the CRC set out a number of more specific provisions relevant to children in conflict with the law. Most importantly, Article 40(1) provides that states parties to the Convention recognise the right of every child:
{"title":"Rights of the Child in the Child Justice System","authors":"U. Kilkelly, Stefaan Pleysier","doi":"10.1177/14732254231185820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231185820","url":null,"abstract":"It is now several decades since the United Nations and other international bodies began to develop standards in relation to the protection of children’s rights in the child justice system. The adoption of the Beijing Rules (the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice) by the United Nations in 1985 represented an early milestone in the establishment of a progressive rights-based approach to children in conflict with the law. In 1989, the rights-based approach to youth justice became enshrined as binding international law with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Article 1 of the CRC makes clear that all children under 18 years are entitled to protection of their rights and under Article 3, the child’s best interests must be a primary consideration in all actions concerning the child whether taken by private or public bodies or welfare institutions. Together with the CRC’s other general principles – Article 2 which prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of Convention rights, Article 6 which provides for the child’s right to development, and Article 12 which requires states to assure to children the right to a say in matters that affect them – the Convention establishes that children are entitled to decision-making that is child-centred, non-discriminatory and informed both by children’s development and their views. In its first General Comment on the matter, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (the Committee), the body that monitors implementation of the CRC, made clear that states parties are required to apply these general principles systematically in the administration of child justice (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2007, para. 5). In addition to these general children’s rights principles, Articles 37 and 40 of the CRC set out a number of more specific provisions relevant to children in conflict with the law. Most importantly, Article 40(1) provides that states parties to the Convention recognise the right of every child:","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47495183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1177/14732254231184774
Donatella Van Biervliet
In 2019, Flanders, Belgium’s northern Dutch-speaking community, adopted legislation that for the first time mentions juvenile electronic monitoring. The government has nevertheless yet to decide on its implementation. Other countries’ policies, that share Flanders’ principles of constructive sanctioning, rehabilitation, responsibility, safety, restoration and evidence-based practices, such as England and Wales, the Netherlands, Scotland, and Sweden, can therefore inspire lesson-drawing. Juvenile electronic monitoring is advised to be applied (1) when juveniles can understand it, (2) for limited durations, (3) using global positioning system (GPS), (4) with therapeutic treatments, (5) consent, (6) incentivised schedules, (7) individualised breach procedures, (8) restorative options and (9) regular evaluation.
{"title":"Electronic Monitoring of Juveniles in Flanders (Belgium): Lessons Drawn From Western European Countries","authors":"Donatella Van Biervliet","doi":"10.1177/14732254231184774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231184774","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, Flanders, Belgium’s northern Dutch-speaking community, adopted legislation that for the first time mentions juvenile electronic monitoring. The government has nevertheless yet to decide on its implementation. Other countries’ policies, that share Flanders’ principles of constructive sanctioning, rehabilitation, responsibility, safety, restoration and evidence-based practices, such as England and Wales, the Netherlands, Scotland, and Sweden, can therefore inspire lesson-drawing. Juvenile electronic monitoring is advised to be applied (1) when juveniles can understand it, (2) for limited durations, (3) using global positioning system (GPS), (4) with therapeutic treatments, (5) consent, (6) incentivised schedules, (7) individualised breach procedures, (8) restorative options and (9) regular evaluation.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44964866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-08DOI: 10.1177/14732254231184771
Nilay Kavur
Since the early 2000s, Turkey’s youth justice system has undergone extensive reforms. However, it is centred around high-security remand imprisonment. Based on the research conducted between 2014 and 2015 to comprehend how high-security remand imprisonment has acquired such a central role, this article provides an analysis on the ways in which the system has diverted into a peculiar ‘managerialism’. Certain themes emerged revealing the turn to ‘managerialism’: (1) lack of coordination between different professional units and lack of evidence-based policymaking, (2) prioritization of speed and technology, (3) peripheral role of social work officials and (4) the importance of prisons.
{"title":"Managing Turkey’s Marginalized Youth: ‘Managerialism’ in Turkey’s Youth Justice and Penal Systems","authors":"Nilay Kavur","doi":"10.1177/14732254231184771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231184771","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 2000s, Turkey’s youth justice system has undergone extensive reforms. However, it is centred around high-security remand imprisonment. Based on the research conducted between 2014 and 2015 to comprehend how high-security remand imprisonment has acquired such a central role, this article provides an analysis on the ways in which the system has diverted into a peculiar ‘managerialism’. Certain themes emerged revealing the turn to ‘managerialism’: (1) lack of coordination between different professional units and lack of evidence-based policymaking, (2) prioritization of speed and technology, (3) peripheral role of social work officials and (4) the importance of prisons.","PeriodicalId":45886,"journal":{"name":"Youth Justice-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46791856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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