Adolescent Research Review最新文献

Social capital provides young people with a web of supportive relationships that can be leveraged in pursuit of education, career, and life goals. Organized activities, an umbrella term for extracurricular activities, after-school programs, and youth development programs, are important developmental contexts for building social capital. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the developmental pathway through which social capital development occurs in organized activities. A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted using 33 articles that met inclusion criteria across five databases (e.g., ERIC, PsycINFO) between June 2022 and May 2023. Thematic analysis was used to identify malleable organized activity features that act as levers for social capital promotion. Seven thematically aligned features were identified, including (1) organizational partnerships, (2) organizational supporting structures, (3) relationally strong climate, (4) staff mindsets and skills, (5) youth mindsets and skills, (6) increased social capital opportunities, and (7) increased social capital activation. These seven themes were used to construct an empirically-grounded model that posits a process through which organized activities support youth social capital development. Implications for intentionally strengthening organized activities’ capacity to support youth social capital are discussed.

Loneliness is prevalent during emerging adulthood (approximately 18–25 years) and is an important issue given it has been linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This preregistered scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the literature on loneliness in emerging adulthood, including the (a) conceptualization and measurement of loneliness, (b) loneliness theories used, (c) risk factors and outcomes examined, (d) sex-gender differences observed, and (e) characteristics of emerging adult samples previously researched. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, seven electronic databases were searched for articles focused on loneliness published from 2016 to 2021, where the mean age of participants was ≥ 18 and ≤ 25 years. Of the 4068 papers screened, 201 articles were included in the final review. Findings suggest the need for a clearer consensus in the literature regarding the conceptualization of loneliness for emerging adults and more qualitative work exploring emerging adults’ subjective experiences of loneliness. Results highlight an over-reliance on cross-sectional studies. Over two thirds of articles described their sample as university students and the median percentage of females was 63.30%. Therefore, fewer cross-sectional studies using convenience samples and more population-based, longitudinal research is needed to understand the factors predicting loneliness over time, and the downstream impact of loneliness for emerging adults.

Parental experiences of discrimination can impact ethnic minority adolescents’ developmental outcomes. To explicate this link, this study reviewed 30 articles in which the research sample includes target adolescents in the age range of 10 to 18, examining the effect of parental discriminatory experiences on adolescent adjustment and how family factors (parenting, racial socialization, family relationships, parental mental health, familism, family economic factors) function in the association between parental discriminatory experiences and adolescent outcomes. Findings reveal that parental discriminatory experiences can have a direct effect on adolescent adjustment, most notably on psychological adjustment. Moreover, family factors (especially parenting, racial socialization, family relationships, and parental mental health) often function as mediators, and different family factors may work sequentially (e.g., from parental mental health to parenting) in the pathway from parental discriminatory experiences to adolescent outcomes. A few studies focused on the moderating role of family factors. When functioning as moderators, familism may be a protective factor and low family income may be a risk factor for ethnic minority adolescents whose parents experience discrimination. Study findings suggest that interventions focused on family factors may be effective at reducing the negative impact of parental discriminatory experiences on adolescent outcomes.

Youth civic engagement is usually framed positively by existing literature, which finds that it can benefit young people’s well-being. Despite that, the literature lacks summarized evidence of the effects of various forms of youth civic engagement on different dimensions of well-being (i.e., psychological, emotional, social, and mental health). This scoping review identified 35 studies on this topic. Results demonstrated that social engagement (e.g., volunteering) generally positively affected psychological and social well-being and mental health. In contrast, the effects of other forms of civic engagement (i.e., protest action, conventional and online engagement) on these dimensions were more heterogeneous. Mixed evidence was found for the effects of all forms of civic engagement on emotional well-being. The issue of possible opposite effects, i.e., from well-being dimensions to civic engagement, was also addressed. They were found mainly for emotional well-being, which usually predicted civic engagement but not vice versa. Overall, this scoping review stresses the importance of distinguishing between different forms of civic engagement and between different dimensions of well-being in future research.

Filial piety, a core value in Chinese culture, emphasizes the importance of children showing respect, obedience, and care toward their parents. The dual filial piety model distinguishes between reciprocal filial piety, associated with love and care, and authoritarian filial piety, associated with hierarchy. This study systematically reviewed the associations between dual filial piety and mental disorders and symptoms. The authors reviewed 17 studies among Chinese and Korean adolescents published between 2004 and 2022 on filial piety and mental disorders/symptoms and distinguished reciprocal filial piety and authoritarian filial piety based on the dual filial piety model. Meta-analyses based on quantitative analyses were also conducted to examine the relationship between dual filial piety and depression/anxiety. The results indicate that reciprocal filial piety is negatively associated with mental disorders/symptoms, including depression, anxiety, aggression, deviant behaviors, internet addiction, self-harm and eating disorders. Conversely, authoritarian filial piety is not related to mental disorders/symptoms but is negatively associated with suicide and positively associated with eating disorders. Based on the results, it is evident that filial piety has a significant relationship with various mental disorders and symptoms and that different forms of filial piety may have distinct associations with mental health.

The increasing prevalence of the Internet gaming disorder has created an interest in identifying the factors associated with its development, including emotional intelligence, which has been negatively associated with many addictions. This work aimed to provide a narrative and quantitative synthesis of the association between emotional intelligence and Internet gaming disorder symptomatology. An online search of four electronic databases and an additional manual search identified 49 studies that met the inclusion criteria provided 54 independent samples (N = 43,289) and a total of 166 correlation coefficients. The selected studies used different definitions of emotional intelligence (i.e., emotional regulation, social-emotional competence, ability and trait). Random-effect models were used to estimate the pooled correlation coefficient between emotional intelligence and Internet gaming disorder symptomatology. The results revealed a small-to-moderate negative association between any measure of emotional intelligence and Internet gaming disorder symptomatology. However, the various characteristics involved in its study, such as methodological quality, research design, geographical location and the means of assessing emotional intelligence, could modify the association between both variables. In short, any deficits in emotional regulation or social competence could be a risk factor for developing Internet gaming disorder.

Queer youth (those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, and other identities) have higher rates of mental health and substance use challenges than their heterosexual peers yet there has not been a recent systematic review on how parenting may reduce risk for these challenges. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes recent evidence on the relationships between parenting and queer youth (ages 12–25) mental health and substance use. Using PRISMA 2020 standards, 24 studies were identified for review, 15 of which were included in a meta-analysis on the effects of parental support and rejection. Most studies were cross-sectional. Greater parental support and less parental rejection were both associated with fewer internalizing problems and substance use. The meta-analysis found that the effects of parental rejection on youth mental health were stronger than those of support. Only 3 studies examined other aspects of parenting and 5 examined parenting as a buffer against the effects of stress. Measures of parenting, especially parental support, were inconsistent across studies and often focused on general support rather than support specific to queer youth identities. Expanded conceptual models and measures are needed that capture the nuanced ways that parents may affirm queer youth identity and promote queer youth well-being.

Typical school provision of physical education, physical activity and sports may impact adolescent physical health. However, systematic literature reviews and meta-analysis have not yet considered this impact. The Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, ERIC and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant literature (2000–2023) pertaining to adolescents aged 12–18 years in secondary schools. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including twenty-three interventions, four cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies. Included studies contributed 268 reported effects on indicators of adolescent obesity, physical fitness, blood pressure and bone health. Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis and reported significantly positive effects on indicators of adiposity in experimental groups with minor modifications to typical school provision (g =  − 0.11 [95% CI − 0.22, − 0.01], p < 0.04, I² = 32.49%), in boys and girls. Subgroup analysis found significantly positive effects for body fat percentage (g =  − 0.28 [95% CI − 0.49, − 0.06], p < 0.01). Robust examples of best practice in schools include extended days dedicated to physical education weekly (≥ 4 days), integration of theoretical components to physical education, sports field/gymnasium availability and a range of training modalities. Studies without the integration of a minor modification to typical school provision were deemed to have a limited impact on adolescent physical health. Further research that examines the additive impact of school physical activity and sports to supplement physical education is warranted.

The high prevalence of mental disorders in university students emphasizes the need to explore contributing factors. While socioeconomic position affects mental health in the general population, it is crucial to investigate if the same applies to university students. MEDLINE-Ovid, Embase-Ovid and PsycINFO databases were searched. All original peer-reviewed observational studies quantifying the association between socioeconomic position and depression, anxiety or eating disorders were included without language or date restrictions. After initial screening, eligible studies were selected, data was extracted using a spreadsheet, and their quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The results were synthesized narratively. Seventy-eight of 20,465 records identified were included. Most studies were published in English and originated from high and upper-middle-income countries. The most common socioeconomic indicators were family socioeconomic status/class, financial stress, and parental education. Most studies found a positive association between socioeconomic indicators and depressive and anxiety symptoms, but not eating disorders. The quality of the studies was mixed, with a small proportion using validated measurement tools and appropriate sample sizes. This study highlights the importance of measuring socioeconomic position accurately and applying new methods that can reveal the causal pathways and interactions of multiple identities that shape mental health disparities for the university student population.

Preregistration A protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022247394).