Adolescent Research Review最新文献

Social media have become a new context for adolescent identity development. However, it is challenging to build a thorough understanding of how social media and identity development are related because studies refer to different facets of social media engagement and use diverse concepts related to identity. This review synthesizes research on the relationships between quantity and quality of social media use and different dimensions of identity development, including identity exploration and commitment, self-concept clarity, and identity distress. The search conducted across four databases yielded 4,467 records, of which 32 studies were included in the analysis, comprising 19,658 adolescents with a mean age of 16.43 years (SD = 1.81) and an age range of eight to 26 years. Active participation in social media, rather than the amount of time spent on it, was associated with more identity exploration. Authenticity on social media, not idealized self-presentation, correlated with higher self-concept clarity. Additionally, adolescents who engaged in comparisons on social media demonstrated higher levels of identity exploration and identity distress. Overall, it seems to matter more for identity development what young people do on social media than how much time they spend on it.

Unhealthy lifestyle choices have long been linked with various health problems. Existing literature indicates that modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity, sedentary behavior, dietary habits, and alcohol and tobacco consumption, are associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors. However, comprehensive reviews examining how these behaviors cluster and collectively contribute to depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors are lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of the clustering of these modifiable lifestyle factors on depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors such as suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in adolescents aged between 10 to 19 years. A comprehensive search of seven databases namely, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Emcare, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted using an extensive list of search terms. A total of sixteen eligible studies, comprising data from 433,207 adolescents, were included. A random effect meta-analysis revealed a significant association between unhealthy clusters of lifestyle behaviors and increased odds of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. A dose–response association was also observed between the number of lifestyle factors and both depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. However, no significant association was found between unhealthy clusters and suicidal plans or attempts. This review suggests that adolescents engaging in multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors have synergistically higher odds of experiencing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.

Numerous intervention programs exist for youth misuse of fire, yet integrative reviews evaluating their effectiveness remain limited. This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, included 21 studies (14 primary prevention and 7 secondary interventions) with a total of 4,735 youth. For primary prevention, N = 2,385 youth aged 3–11 years were included (944 males and 911 females), although one study did not specify its sample size, and six studies did not disclose participant gender. Secondary interventions included N = 2,350 youth aged 3–17 years (2,115 males and 235 females). Primary prevention programs demonstrated effectiveness in increasing children’s fire safety skills and knowledge, especially when interactive and consistently reinforced. However, digital education programs without corrective feedback often led to misinterpretation. Secondary education-based interventions showed limited effectiveness in reducing recidivism rates. Notably, cognitive behavioral therapy was found to be effective for youth who often present with deeper-rooted causes of firesetting, although these findings derived from a single study. The existing literature is insufficient to identify how demographic factors impact primary prevention and secondary intervention outcomes, highlighting the need for methodologically rigorous research. Whilst primary prevention shows consistent evidence in increasing fire safety knowledge, more evidence is required to identify effective secondary intervention practices.

While parental divorce/separation is a risk factor for adolescent externalizing behaviors—including substance use—properly understanding the effects of divorce/separation requires considering the biopsychosocial factors that contribute to heterogenous adolescent developmental processes. To better understand for which adolescents’ parental divorce/separation predicts externalizing behaviors, the present review aimed to examine the moderators of this association. 34 cross-sectional (20) and longitudinal (14) studies were identified through a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Narrative synthesis was used to interpret the results across the individual, family, and broader contextual levels. The strongest evidence suggests that divorce/separation occurring earlier in an adolescent’s lifetime is more strongly related to externalizing behaviors and that positive family relationships could be protective after divorce/separation. Further evidence suggests that it is important to consider broader contextual factors (e.g., country-level diversity of family structures, availability of psychosocial school programs, cultural background) when examining the impact of divorce/separation on adolescents. Conclusions are limited by each moderator having been examined in few studies and a lack of recent literature, with a majority of studies being over 20 years old, despite evidence suggesting that family transitions remain relevant to adolescent development.

Peers’ substance use is one of the most robust predictors of adolescent’s substance use. Albeit some empirical studies have explored factors that moderate peers’ influences on individual’s substance use, there is a lack of literature synthesis analyzing all existing research on the topic regardless the design and the type of substance. Because of that, the present systematic scoping review sought to explore the available studies that analyze moderators in the relation between peers’ and adolescent’s substance use. This review focused on studies including samples aged 10–19. The search was conducted in different databases and 43 studies meeting the criteria were finally included. It was found that elements such as emotional control, closeness to parents, school disapproval of substance use, friendship reciprocity or sport participation attenuated the impact of peers’ substance use on target’s substance use. On the other hand, avoidant and anxious attachment, sibling’s willingness to use substances, school troubles, peer support or setting criminogenic increased the likelihood of using substances among adolescents with peers who use substances. Results revealed that the effect of peers’ substance use on adolescent’s substance use is moderated by individual, family, school, peers and community factors. The effect of moderators could be different depending on the type of substance and the stage of adolescence. Substance use prevention programs for adolescents should be ecological, specific and adapted to the stage of adolescence.

Adolescence is marked by a unique blend of factors, including adolescents’ exploration of their emerging sexuality and growing engagement with digital media. As adolescents increasingly navigate online spaces, cybergrooming victimization has emerged as a significant concern for the development and protection of young people. Yet, there is a lack of systematic analyses of the current state of research. To this end, the present systematic review aimed to integrate existing quantitative research on prevalence rates, risk factors, and outcomes of cybergrooming victimization, informed by an adaptation of the General Aggression Model. Studies providing self-reported data on cybergrooming victimization of people between the ages of 5 and 21 were included. A total of 34 studies met all inclusion criteria, with most focusing on adolescence. Reported prevalence rates were characterized by strong heterogeneity, which could largely be attributed to the underlying methodology. Overall, the included studies showed that at least one in ten young people experiences cybergrooming victimization. Findings further indicated that various factors, for example, being a girl, being older, engaging in risky behavior, displaying problematic Internet use, reporting lower mental well-being, and experiencing other types of victimization, are positively associated with cybergrooming victimization. However, most studies’ cross-sectional designs did not allow for an evidence-based classification into risk factors, outcomes, and co-occurrences, so findings were embedded in the proposed model based on theoretical considerations. In addition, there is a noted lack of studies that include diverse samples, particularly younger children, LGBTQIA+ youth, and young people with special educational needs. These findings emphasize that cybergrooming victimization is a prevalent phenomenon among young people that requires prevention and victim support addressing multiple domains.

Body image concerns significantly impact boys’ physical and mental health. While several reviews synthesize evidence on body image interventions for mixed-gender adolescents, a systematic review exclusively focusing on boys is currently missing. Thus, this systematic review synthesizes evidence on universal psychosocial interventions targeting body image among boys and identifies effective approaches for enhancing their body image. Searches were conducted across seven databases until February 2024. Forty-one studies were included and assessed for quality across domains such as selection bias, study design, and methods. Three studies exclusively targeted boys, while 38 involved mixed-gender groups. Multiple therapeutic approaches were used across the interventions, including media literacy, socio-cognitive approaches, combined cognitive dissonance and media literacy, positive body image, compassion and mindfulness, and other approaches, with no single approach proving universally effective. Some promise for interventions employing positive body image and embodiment techniques was noted. Few interventions showed effectiveness on boys’ body image but most benefited girls. Further, findings were inconsistent across outcomes, with lower-quality studies driving evidence of effectiveness. These findings highlight that the effectiveness of current body image interventions among boys is inconclusive, emphasizing the urgent need for improvement or development of new interventions tailored specifically to address boys’ body image concerns.

Emotional intelligence, which encompasses the ability to perceive, understand, express, and regulate emotions, is recognized as critical to the socioemotional development of adolescents. Despite its significance, the relationship between emotional intelligence and social media use among adolescents remains largely unexplored in the literature. This work aimed to provide a review that examines the association between adolescents’ emotional intelligence, including its dimensions (self-esteem, emotion regulation, empathy), and social media use. An online search of two electronic databases identified 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that lower levels of emotional intelligence are associated with increased problematic social media use among adolescents, with social media use showing a negative correlation with adolescents’ self-esteem. In addition, difficulties in emotion regulation were associated with problematic social media use, while social media use was positively correlated with empathy. These findings underscore the importance of considering emotional intelligence as a key factor in understanding the relationship between adolescents and problematic social media use.

Phubbing refers to the act of engaging with a phone while ignoring others during interaction. When phubbing behaviors occur in the context of parent-child communication, it is defined as parental phubbing. Prior research indicated that parental phubbing positively predicted adolescents’ depressive symptoms. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to investigate the association between parental phubbing and adolescents’ depressive symptoms and what factors moderated this association. After a systematic search for articles published before July 2023, 15 articles analyzing 22,478 participants were obtained in the meta-analysis. Specifically, the study sample sizes ranged from 293 to 4213, with a mean age of 14.460 years and an average proportion of female participants of 0.510. In addition, most of the samples were from middle and high schools, except for one study in the United States; all included studies were conducted in China. The random effects model was used to get reliable estimates of effect sizes and to examine a range of moderators. Results revealed a significant positive association (r=0.310), and this relationship was generally consistent across different moderating factors (i.e., gender, residency of birth, school year, measurements of parental phubbing or depressive symptoms, and the conception of phubbing). Consequently, the findings supported the detrimental effects of parental phubbing on adolescent mental health.

Disclosure, as a complex social process, profoundly influences the well-being of LGBTQ + youth. This study, guided by the disclosure process model, systematically reviews and synthesizes LGBTQ + youth disclosure literature, considering it as a developmental, multi-component process across various contexts. After screening 5,433 articles, 29 studies were identified, focusing on identity-disclosure processes among LGBTQ + youth aged 26 or younger. These studies were scrutinized for disclosure process components, individual and contextual factors shaping disclosure, and potential bias. Findings reveal a predominant focus on avoidance goals (e.g., fear of rejection, LGBTQ + stigma) rather than approach goals (e.g., seeking belonging, authenticity) in studies examining the disclosure decision-making process. Reactions to disclosures were often mixed, initially leaning negative but evolving positively over time. Mental health emerged as the most studied outcome of disclosure. Additionally, disclosure processes were shaped by disclosure recipients, social context, and cultural beliefs. In conclusion, research on LGBTQ + youth disclosure is advancing and evolving, with increasing attention to disclosure goals and outcomes. Rather than viewing disclosure as a singular event, this review underscores LGBTQ + youth identity disclosure as a complex, developmental process extending over time and across diverse contexts.