Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905196
E. Bouldin
{"title":"Virtues, Violence, and Passion of the Puritans","authors":"E. Bouldin","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a905196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a905196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"163 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905190
Rose Ndengue, S. C. Kaplan
Abstract:This article seeks to enrich the production of knowledge about Black feminisms by documenting the mobilizations of the Cameroonian nationalist activists of the Democratic Union of Cameroonian Women, or UDEFEC, in the middle of the 1950s. I will center the contributions of African women to movements for women’s equality. To this end, I consider the emancipatory speeches and practices elaborated by female activists coming from rural zones within the frame of the reorganization of the nationalist public space in order to understand how their participation in the fight for liberation reveals a Black feminist practice. This approach outlines the contours of a political project as the vector for a holistic, equitable emancipation, focused on the margins and founded on the dismantling of the coloniality of gender and female citizenship, on the one hand, and the establishment of a democratic society that values popular sovereignty, on the other.
{"title":"Deprovincializing the Feminine/Feminist Cameroonian Nationalism of the 1950s: The UDEFEC and Pluriversal Black Feminism","authors":"Rose Ndengue, S. C. Kaplan","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a905190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a905190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article seeks to enrich the production of knowledge about Black feminisms by documenting the mobilizations of the Cameroonian nationalist activists of the Democratic Union of Cameroonian Women, or UDEFEC, in the middle of the 1950s. I will center the contributions of African women to movements for women’s equality. To this end, I consider the emancipatory speeches and practices elaborated by female activists coming from rural zones within the frame of the reorganization of the nationalist public space in order to understand how their participation in the fight for liberation reveals a Black feminist practice. This approach outlines the contours of a political project as the vector for a holistic, equitable emancipation, focused on the margins and founded on the dismantling of the coloniality of gender and female citizenship, on the one hand, and the establishment of a democratic society that values popular sovereignty, on the other.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"62 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46876734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899545
Lillian Guerra
{"title":"Political Discrimination as a Way of Life and Art in Communist Cuba","authors":"Lillian Guerra","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"153 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899539
Theresa M. Iker
Abstract:The roots of the modern men’s rights movement can be traced back to 1960s agitation for divorce reform and later surges of fathers’ rights activism. An overlooked feature of the movement’s growth is the activism of women. Using organizational papers, press coverage, and advice literature, this article examines self-identified “second wives,” female activists married to men who first mobilized following acrimonious divorces and child custody battles. Second wives constituted a sizable minority of men’s rights movement membership and held key leadership roles. As with women’s activism in other conservative and antifeminist political movements throughout the late twentieth century, second wives responded to both their movement’s surface demands and, at a deeper level, a threatened gender order. Second wives’ vital organizing roles also made it possible for the men’s rights movement to gain public respectability, allowing its ideology to enter the mainstream by the mid-1990s.
{"title":"“All Wives are Not Created Equal”: Women Organizing in the Late Twentieth-Century Men’s Rights Movement","authors":"Theresa M. Iker","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899539","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The roots of the modern men’s rights movement can be traced back to 1960s agitation for divorce reform and later surges of fathers’ rights activism. An overlooked feature of the movement’s growth is the activism of women. Using organizational papers, press coverage, and advice literature, this article examines self-identified “second wives,” female activists married to men who first mobilized following acrimonious divorces and child custody battles. Second wives constituted a sizable minority of men’s rights movement membership and held key leadership roles. As with women’s activism in other conservative and antifeminist political movements throughout the late twentieth century, second wives responded to both their movement’s surface demands and, at a deeper level, a threatened gender order. Second wives’ vital organizing roles also made it possible for the men’s rights movement to gain public respectability, allowing its ideology to enter the mainstream by the mid-1990s.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"51 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42071373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899541
L. Greenwald
Abstract:Two generations of postwar feminists constructed feminist political theory through their participation in and encounter with women’s double exploitation in World War II and the Algerian War. These two generations, together with a third born out of the events of 1968, created a feminism that was both theoretically sophisticated and intensely pragmatic. They showed the ways in which women’s sex and women’s gender were exploited by men on any side of a conflict. Men were willing to forgo their insistence that women remain in the private sphere if it meant more bombs could be planted clandestinely by using the trope of women’s “natural” roles as mothers and wives. Men were willing to defend their women as sacred to the national fabric and simultaneously torture them or strip them of rights based on their gender and national identity. By the 1970s this analysis received significant feminist support in France and a far more radical feminism was born.
{"title":"What War and Resistance Can Do: The Rebirth of Feminism in France, 1945–1970","authors":"L. Greenwald","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899541","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Two generations of postwar feminists constructed feminist political theory through their participation in and encounter with women’s double exploitation in World War II and the Algerian War. These two generations, together with a third born out of the events of 1968, created a feminism that was both theoretically sophisticated and intensely pragmatic. They showed the ways in which women’s sex and women’s gender were exploited by men on any side of a conflict. Men were willing to forgo their insistence that women remain in the private sphere if it meant more bombs could be planted clandestinely by using the trope of women’s “natural” roles as mothers and wives. Men were willing to defend their women as sacred to the national fabric and simultaneously torture them or strip them of rights based on their gender and national identity. By the 1970s this analysis received significant feminist support in France and a far more radical feminism was born.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"117 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899537
Ellen E. Kittell
Abstract:A comparison of late-fourteenth-century mortmain payments from Courtrai (a small commercial city) with those from Tielt (a nearby rural community) in the county of Flanders reveals that the bailiff of Courtrai routinely identified women using a personal name, while the bailiff of Tielt slotted them, unnamed, into the relational categories of wife, widow, and daughter. This article argues that the marked difference in identificatory patterns between Courtrai and Tielt indexes—albeit in surprisingly distinct ways—the degree of agency enjoyed by women within each community. Whereas Tielt’s practice of identifying women primarily by their familial affiliation, leaving most of them nameless, likely reflects the embedding of women within the household, with its concomitant diminution in personal autonomy, first-name usage in Courtrai correlates with a degree of relative economic and social agency.
{"title":"What’s in a First Name? The Correlation of Personal Identity with Economic Autonomy in Medieval Flanders","authors":"Ellen E. Kittell","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899537","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A comparison of late-fourteenth-century mortmain payments from Courtrai (a small commercial city) with those from Tielt (a nearby rural community) in the county of Flanders reveals that the bailiff of Courtrai routinely identified women using a personal name, while the bailiff of Tielt slotted them, unnamed, into the relational categories of wife, widow, and daughter. This article argues that the marked difference in identificatory patterns between Courtrai and Tielt indexes—albeit in surprisingly distinct ways—the degree of agency enjoyed by women within each community. Whereas Tielt’s practice of identifying women primarily by their familial affiliation, leaving most of them nameless, likely reflects the embedding of women within the household, with its concomitant diminution in personal autonomy, first-name usage in Courtrai correlates with a degree of relative economic and social agency.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"11 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44401767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899542
Phoebe Musandu
Abstract:This article focuses on the UN Decade for Women in Kenya, from 1975 to the two international meetings that its capital city, Nairobi, hosted in 1985 to mark its end. By utilizing newly accessible archival sources, the analyses of the overt and covert tactics the ruling party deployed during this period demonstrate that it suppressed women’s voices that posed a challenge to the sociopolitical and economic status quo. Instead, the administration focused on utilizing the decade to project a positive image internationally as well as for its short- and long-term financial hosting benefits from which the political class stood to benefit most. The result of the administration’s activities was the deliberate sidelining of the decade’s objectives and action plans. This article demonstrates exactly how and why an administration can undermine women’s rights even as it makes policy statements to the contrary and makes a show of supporting women-focused initiatives.
{"title":"Sailing against Headwinds: The KANU Regime, Kenyan Women, and the UN Women’s Decade, 1975–1985","authors":"Phoebe Musandu","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article focuses on the UN Decade for Women in Kenya, from 1975 to the two international meetings that its capital city, Nairobi, hosted in 1985 to mark its end. By utilizing newly accessible archival sources, the analyses of the overt and covert tactics the ruling party deployed during this period demonstrate that it suppressed women’s voices that posed a challenge to the sociopolitical and economic status quo. Instead, the administration focused on utilizing the decade to project a positive image internationally as well as for its short- and long-term financial hosting benefits from which the political class stood to benefit most. The result of the administration’s activities was the deliberate sidelining of the decade’s objectives and action plans. This article demonstrates exactly how and why an administration can undermine women’s rights even as it makes policy statements to the contrary and makes a show of supporting women-focused initiatives.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"118 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42099921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899540
Lizeth Elizondo
Abstract:This article uses love letters to investigate matters of intimacy and affection in extramarital affairs. Two women committed adultery with a missionary and a governor in Spanish San Antonio. Their missives reveal how they circumvented restrictions and carved out a space for love outside their marital beds. The drama that unfolded after a political vendetta terminated the relationships exposes this community’s posture regarding “illicit” sexual liaisons. It confirms that in this frontier region local customs allowed greater tolerance concerning expected gender roles and behavior when compared to other areas of Spanish America. These missives, preserved as evidentiary material in the trials, also reveal important clues about access to literacy and the networks that assisted letter writers in sustaining their extramarital unions.
{"title":"Love, Infidelity, and Correspondence in Spanish Texas, 1734–1737","authors":"Lizeth Elizondo","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899540","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article uses love letters to investigate matters of intimacy and affection in extramarital affairs. Two women committed adultery with a missionary and a governor in Spanish San Antonio. Their missives reveal how they circumvented restrictions and carved out a space for love outside their marital beds. The drama that unfolded after a political vendetta terminated the relationships exposes this community’s posture regarding “illicit” sexual liaisons. It confirms that in this frontier region local customs allowed greater tolerance concerning expected gender roles and behavior when compared to other areas of Spanish America. These missives, preserved as evidentiary material in the trials, also reveal important clues about access to literacy and the networks that assisted letter writers in sustaining their extramarital unions.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"73 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899543
Tamika Y. Nunley
{"title":"Race, Freedom, and the Intimate Worlds of Women","authors":"Tamika Y. Nunley","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"140 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44673421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a899538
A. Brock
Abstract:This article examines how an entrepreneurial woman, Martha Parker, worked a private trade network within a globalizing world by using her connections and the East India Company’s structure to her advantage. Rather than viewing women’s independent commercial activity as a reaction to patriarchal institutions, this article pays attention to the gendered agentic expectations of early modern society, which influenced how a woman’s place in the economy was understood. Martha’s experience is supported by evidence from more than one thousand petitions to the East India Company from women, which underlines how women like Martha challenged norms and institutions. They thereby contributed to the emergence of new business practices and networks that would shape the structure and significance of private trade within the East India Company’s activities. This adds significantly to our understanding of women’s relationships to both private and corporate activity within Britain’s emerging trade and empire in Asia.
{"title":"Martha Parker’s Trials: Women’s Networks in the East India Company Trade","authors":"A. Brock","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2023.a899538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a899538","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines how an entrepreneurial woman, Martha Parker, worked a private trade network within a globalizing world by using her connections and the East India Company’s structure to her advantage. Rather than viewing women’s independent commercial activity as a reaction to patriarchal institutions, this article pays attention to the gendered agentic expectations of early modern society, which influenced how a woman’s place in the economy was understood. Martha’s experience is supported by evidence from more than one thousand petitions to the East India Company from women, which underlines how women like Martha challenged norms and institutions. They thereby contributed to the emergence of new business practices and networks that would shape the structure and significance of private trade within the East India Company’s activities. This adds significantly to our understanding of women’s relationships to both private and corporate activity within Britain’s emerging trade and empire in Asia.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"35 1","pages":"30 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47919393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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