Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1177/03631990221081448
Linda A. Pollock
expectations, even though everyday life remained difficult. In her chapter on this era, Engel is right to emphasize the way in which the “double burden” affected women’s lives. Ironically, men’s “marginality in the household would contribute to a perceived crisis of masculinity in the late Soviet era, for which women would again be held responsible” (185). Grandmothers stepped in to fill the void and they are fixtures in female-headed households down to the present. In her final chapter, Engel addresses the catastrophic impact the collapse of the USSR had on family life. In the 1990s, state supports for women and the family disappeared entirely, and the birthrate fell even further as the economy contracted. Patriarchal rhetoric, and occasional pro-natalist campaigns, have flourished in the media but have had little actual effect, given that women’s work remained vital to family budgets. Indeed, in 2017—in other words, long after the worst effects of the economic collapse of the 1990s were over—48.6% of the Russian workforce was female (206). Socio-economic inequality was a hallmark of Russia’s transition to a market economy, and rural poverty was simply staggering once the collective farms were dismantled. Having children became a luxury in rural communities. Engel also describes how exploding rates of alcoholism not only reduced male life-expectancy, but also led to an exponential increase in domestic violence—something which admittedly had never truly disappeared from everyday family life in the three hundred years covered by her book. As one can see from the contents of this review, Barbara Engel’s well-written new book offers quite a comprehensive look at all aspects of Russian family life in the modern era. Hence, it is both a welcome addition of the scholarly literature on the history of the family in Europe and an impressive resource for teaching.
{"title":"Book Review: An Elite Family in Early Modern England: The Temples of Stowe and Burton Bassett 1570–1656 by O’Day, Rosemary","authors":"Linda A. Pollock","doi":"10.1177/03631990221081448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221081448","url":null,"abstract":"expectations, even though everyday life remained difficult. In her chapter on this era, Engel is right to emphasize the way in which the “double burden” affected women’s lives. Ironically, men’s “marginality in the household would contribute to a perceived crisis of masculinity in the late Soviet era, for which women would again be held responsible” (185). Grandmothers stepped in to fill the void and they are fixtures in female-headed households down to the present. In her final chapter, Engel addresses the catastrophic impact the collapse of the USSR had on family life. In the 1990s, state supports for women and the family disappeared entirely, and the birthrate fell even further as the economy contracted. Patriarchal rhetoric, and occasional pro-natalist campaigns, have flourished in the media but have had little actual effect, given that women’s work remained vital to family budgets. Indeed, in 2017—in other words, long after the worst effects of the economic collapse of the 1990s were over—48.6% of the Russian workforce was female (206). Socio-economic inequality was a hallmark of Russia’s transition to a market economy, and rural poverty was simply staggering once the collective farms were dismantled. Having children became a luxury in rural communities. Engel also describes how exploding rates of alcoholism not only reduced male life-expectancy, but also led to an exponential increase in domestic violence—something which admittedly had never truly disappeared from everyday family life in the three hundred years covered by her book. As one can see from the contents of this review, Barbara Engel’s well-written new book offers quite a comprehensive look at all aspects of Russian family life in the modern era. Hence, it is both a welcome addition of the scholarly literature on the history of the family in Europe and an impressive resource for teaching.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"346 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46389911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1177/03631990221079783
M. Meier, Karen Vallgårda
The family has long played a key role in the perception, interpretation, and treatment of mental illness across Europe and North America. Yet, historical studies of psychiatry tend to neglect the complex relationship between psychiatric institutions, patients, and their families. Using a Danish nerve sanatorium as a case, this article traces the shifting meanings attached to the family and the home as a potential cause and cure of mental illnesses from the mid-1950s to the late 1980s. While the family figured prominently in conceptions of mental illness throughout these decades, the specific interpretations and treatment practices, as well as the degrees of secrecy, altered significantly. From offering discretion and seclusion and focusing on outer, objectively verifiable circumstances regarding family relationships, doctors increasingly emphasized internal psychodynamics between family members and encouraged openness as a path to healing. The findings call for greater scholarly attention to the complicated intertwinements of psychiatric practices, family history, and changing knowledge practices in the shifting historical configurations of experiences of mental illness.
{"title":"The Family as a Locus of Illness: Secrecy, Suffering, and Institutional Practices","authors":"M. Meier, Karen Vallgårda","doi":"10.1177/03631990221079783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221079783","url":null,"abstract":"The family has long played a key role in the perception, interpretation, and treatment of mental illness across Europe and North America. Yet, historical studies of psychiatry tend to neglect the complex relationship between psychiatric institutions, patients, and their families. Using a Danish nerve sanatorium as a case, this article traces the shifting meanings attached to the family and the home as a potential cause and cure of mental illnesses from the mid-1950s to the late 1980s. While the family figured prominently in conceptions of mental illness throughout these decades, the specific interpretations and treatment practices, as well as the degrees of secrecy, altered significantly. From offering discretion and seclusion and focusing on outer, objectively verifiable circumstances regarding family relationships, doctors increasingly emphasized internal psychodynamics between family members and encouraged openness as a path to healing. The findings call for greater scholarly attention to the complicated intertwinements of psychiatric practices, family history, and changing knowledge practices in the shifting historical configurations of experiences of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"299 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44453131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1177/03631990221079752
Karen Vallgårda
Histories of family secrecy are often emotionally, morally, and politically ambivalent. They entail fear, shame, pain, and repression, but they also often involve solicitude, tenderness, and degrees of tolerance. This special issue takes secrecy practices as a lens through which to examine the emotionally charged micropolitics of the family and its intertwinements with macropolitical currents, institutional practices, economic patterns, and wider social norms. The present introduction reflects on the key concepts of secrecy and family. In addition, it places the different contributions of the issue in a wider context by outlining some of the main questions and problems related to the historical study of family secrets in dialog with existing literature on the subject.
{"title":"Introduction: The Politics of Family Secrecy","authors":"Karen Vallgårda","doi":"10.1177/03631990221079752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221079752","url":null,"abstract":"Histories of family secrecy are often emotionally, morally, and politically ambivalent. They entail fear, shame, pain, and repression, but they also often involve solicitude, tenderness, and degrees of tolerance. This special issue takes secrecy practices as a lens through which to examine the emotionally charged micropolitics of the family and its intertwinements with macropolitical currents, institutional practices, economic patterns, and wider social norms. The present introduction reflects on the key concepts of secrecy and family. In addition, it places the different contributions of the issue in a wider context by outlining some of the main questions and problems related to the historical study of family secrets in dialog with existing literature on the subject.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"239 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1177/03631990221080065
K. Burke
amended. The carefully collected evidence upholds most of what we know about the early modern landed family. The organization by relationship rather than theme makes for some repetition and confusion and prevents more wide ranging interpretations. O’Day sticks closely to the archive, paying meticulous attention to the welter of detail contained there. Her conclusions are brief, often perfunctory, and resolutely non-speculative. Thus, notwithstanding the length of the book and the extensive appendices, we are left wanting more: more engagement with recent scholarship, more nuanced discussion of the copious quotations, more of an overall argument, more probing of the issues, and more pushing the boundaries. Take court cases, for example. These seem to testify to the existence of frayed relationships. Yet, even during court proceedings, Peter and his father enjoyed a close relationship. There were very few periods of time when the Temples were not involved in lawsuits. They spent their lives worrying about money. Everyone apparently had a deep knowledge of their rights and were alert to any diminution of these. Lawsuits may be less evidence of discord but a routine—even if time-consuming and expensive—method of settling matters so as to prevent a family falling apart.
{"title":"Book Review: Women of the Country House in Ireland, 1860–1914 by Maeve O’Riordan","authors":"K. Burke","doi":"10.1177/03631990221080065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221080065","url":null,"abstract":"amended. The carefully collected evidence upholds most of what we know about the early modern landed family. The organization by relationship rather than theme makes for some repetition and confusion and prevents more wide ranging interpretations. O’Day sticks closely to the archive, paying meticulous attention to the welter of detail contained there. Her conclusions are brief, often perfunctory, and resolutely non-speculative. Thus, notwithstanding the length of the book and the extensive appendices, we are left wanting more: more engagement with recent scholarship, more nuanced discussion of the copious quotations, more of an overall argument, more probing of the issues, and more pushing the boundaries. Take court cases, for example. These seem to testify to the existence of frayed relationships. Yet, even during court proceedings, Peter and his father enjoyed a close relationship. There were very few periods of time when the Temples were not involved in lawsuits. They spent their lives worrying about money. Everyone apparently had a deep knowledge of their rights and were alert to any diminution of these. Lawsuits may be less evidence of discord but a routine—even if time-consuming and expensive—method of settling matters so as to prevent a family falling apart.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"349 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47818331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1177/03631990221079782
B. Hitzer
This article traces the history of the West German debate about whether, how, and why adoptive parents should or should not tell their children the truth about their origins. Concepts of biological and social parenthood, family, parental love, and the maternal bond play a role in this context, as does the ensuing legal discussion on full and partial adoption, anonymous adoption, and finally the novel instrument of “open adoption” that was developed in the 1970s. The conclusion attempts to place these discussions within the context of a more comprehensive history of truth. In drawing attention to how the current trend towards unconditional truth-telling has been shaped by changing historical contexts, the paper reveals that the answers are context-bound, that it is advisable to carefully ponder what effects the overarching emphasis on a single form of truth (or secrecy) may have, and what dangers it may hold.
{"title":"Who am I? The Politics of Lying, Not Knowing and Truth-Telling in the West German History of Child Adoption","authors":"B. Hitzer","doi":"10.1177/03631990221079782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221079782","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the history of the West German debate about whether, how, and why adoptive parents should or should not tell their children the truth about their origins. Concepts of biological and social parenthood, family, parental love, and the maternal bond play a role in this context, as does the ensuing legal discussion on full and partial adoption, anonymous adoption, and finally the novel instrument of “open adoption” that was developed in the 1970s. The conclusion attempts to place these discussions within the context of a more comprehensive history of truth. In drawing attention to how the current trend towards unconditional truth-telling has been shaped by changing historical contexts, the paper reveals that the answers are context-bound, that it is advisable to carefully ponder what effects the overarching emphasis on a single form of truth (or secrecy) may have, and what dangers it may hold.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"278 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41797030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1177/03631990221079774
Johanna Sjöberg, J. Sköld
Giving birth out of wedlock was associated for centuries with shame, economic burden, and secrecy. Unmarried pregnant women could escape stigma by travelling away from home and purchasing a confinement elsewhere. They could hide there when the pregnancy started to show, give birth, have their children adopted or sent to foster care, and then return home. This article explores the social economy of this stigma by investigating the market for anonymous births in Sweden through newspaper advertisements addressing unmarried pregnant women during the period 1905–1935. It shows that unmarried pregnant women risked exploitation when entering this market, in which private midwives, private maternity homes and individuals offering accommodation and employment were all operating.
{"title":"Selling Anonymity: The Market for Secrecy Around Illegitimate Births","authors":"Johanna Sjöberg, J. Sköld","doi":"10.1177/03631990221079774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221079774","url":null,"abstract":"Giving birth out of wedlock was associated for centuries with shame, economic burden, and secrecy. Unmarried pregnant women could escape stigma by travelling away from home and purchasing a confinement elsewhere. They could hide there when the pregnancy started to show, give birth, have their children adopted or sent to foster care, and then return home. This article explores the social economy of this stigma by investigating the market for anonymous births in Sweden through newspaper advertisements addressing unmarried pregnant women during the period 1905–1935. It shows that unmarried pregnant women risked exploitation when entering this market, in which private midwives, private maternity homes and individuals offering accommodation and employment were all operating.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"261 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44071992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1177/03631990221079753
Shurlee Swain
Based on a database of Australian cases from 1834–1954, this article argues that abandonment was an intentional strategy intended to maximise a child's chances of survival while preserving its family's reputation. However, abandonment had the potential to expose family secrets, bringing them into the public gaze and subjecting them to interrogation. Abandonment was also used for revenge, exposing the identity of putative fathers in a demand for financial support. Through this analysis the article positions abandonment as a key site of interaction between the individual and society, and the private and the public in relation to the politics of secrecy.
{"title":"Left on a Doorstep: The Role of Infant Abandonment in Preserving and Exposing Family Secrets in Australia 1834–1954","authors":"Shurlee Swain","doi":"10.1177/03631990221079753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221079753","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a database of Australian cases from 1834–1954, this article argues that abandonment was an intentional strategy intended to maximise a child's chances of survival while preserving its family's reputation. However, abandonment had the potential to expose family secrets, bringing them into the public gaze and subjecting them to interrogation. Abandonment was also used for revenge, exposing the identity of putative fathers in a demand for financial support. Through this analysis the article positions abandonment as a key site of interaction between the individual and society, and the private and the public in relation to the politics of secrecy.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"248 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65232182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1177/03631990221078208
Alison Rowley
erate productive scholarship on the family. This book indicates but leaves unstated the suggestion that scientifically generated ableist ideologies were central to twentieth-century US familial norms. As scholars, we can dig further with a disability analysis and generate new questions about the history of the family. Helpful in this process is existing scholarship such as that by Allison C. Carey on the twentieth-century families of those with developmental disabilities; Cynthia Lewiecki-Wilson and Jen Cellio’s edited collection Disability and Mothering: Liminal Spaces of Embodied Knowledge (2011); and the explosion of materials by individuals who claim a neurodiverse or autistic identity. A generative piece of scholarship, Intelligent Love prompts an additional number of questions from which historians of the family may benefit. How have non-privileged families made their own through, and resisted, or drowned in, the labyrinth of weighty medical and scientific expertise? How have non-normative families waded through the powerful influences of medicine and expertise? How does the history of the family overlap with that of disability, foster care, and adoption? Intellegent Lovewill enrich scholars and courses on the history of the family, medicine, education, and science. Vicedo explains highly scientific arguments in accessible language without overly simplifying them, making it a readable and teachable book.
{"title":"Book Review: Marriage, Household, and Home in Modern Russia: From Peter the Great to Vladimir Putin by Barbara Alpern Engel","authors":"Alison Rowley","doi":"10.1177/03631990221078208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221078208","url":null,"abstract":"erate productive scholarship on the family. This book indicates but leaves unstated the suggestion that scientifically generated ableist ideologies were central to twentieth-century US familial norms. As scholars, we can dig further with a disability analysis and generate new questions about the history of the family. Helpful in this process is existing scholarship such as that by Allison C. Carey on the twentieth-century families of those with developmental disabilities; Cynthia Lewiecki-Wilson and Jen Cellio’s edited collection Disability and Mothering: Liminal Spaces of Embodied Knowledge (2011); and the explosion of materials by individuals who claim a neurodiverse or autistic identity. A generative piece of scholarship, Intelligent Love prompts an additional number of questions from which historians of the family may benefit. How have non-privileged families made their own through, and resisted, or drowned in, the labyrinth of weighty medical and scientific expertise? How have non-normative families waded through the powerful influences of medicine and expertise? How does the history of the family overlap with that of disability, foster care, and adoption? Intellegent Lovewill enrich scholars and courses on the history of the family, medicine, education, and science. Vicedo explains highly scientific arguments in accessible language without overly simplifying them, making it a readable and teachable book.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"343 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49097436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1177/03631990221077916
C. Corretti, S. Desai
This article examines cases of fornication and illegitimacy as they were regulated by the Genevan Consistory, a morals discipline court that John Calvin created in 1541 to eradicate sin from the community. We argue that ordinary people failed to live up to the moral standards of Calvinist reformers as they practiced illicit sex and had bastard children. The authorities did their best to correct such behavior and provide for illegitimate children.
{"title":"Fornication and Illegitimacy in Reformation Geneva: Cases from the Consistory, 1542–1558","authors":"C. Corretti, S. Desai","doi":"10.1177/03631990221077916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221077916","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines cases of fornication and illegitimacy as they were regulated by the Genevan Consistory, a morals discipline court that John Calvin created in 1541 to eradicate sin from the community. We argue that ordinary people failed to live up to the moral standards of Calvinist reformers as they practiced illicit sex and had bastard children. The authorities did their best to correct such behavior and provide for illegitimate children.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"452 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45605075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1177/03631990221078588
Delwyn Blondell
What happened to marriage patterns within the British Empire's colonies where more opportunity existed for breaks with past norms? This paper, drawn from research into a group of laborers known as Brogdens’ Navvies who emigrated to New Zealand in 1872 and 1873, argues that working people conformed with social expectations around marriage until legal and economic constraints forced them into alternative forms of relationships. Additionally, communities were sometimes more flexible and accepting of arrangements than legal strictures and prescriptions might suggest. From 1898 onward, law changes that legalized marriage breakdown and allowed remarriage seem to have reduced the need for alternatives.
{"title":"Till Death Do Us Part: Laborers’ Marriage Practices in Late Victorian New Zealand","authors":"Delwyn Blondell","doi":"10.1177/03631990221078588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221078588","url":null,"abstract":"What happened to marriage patterns within the British Empire's colonies where more opportunity existed for breaks with past norms? This paper, drawn from research into a group of laborers known as Brogdens’ Navvies who emigrated to New Zealand in 1872 and 1873, argues that working people conformed with social expectations around marriage until legal and economic constraints forced them into alternative forms of relationships. Additionally, communities were sometimes more flexible and accepting of arrangements than legal strictures and prescriptions might suggest. From 1898 onward, law changes that legalized marriage breakdown and allowed remarriage seem to have reduced the need for alternatives.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"81 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46476373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：