: Cyber ‐ attacks are extremely dangerous for all operations relaying upon it ‐ technologies. Today shipping businesses cannot operated without processing large amounts of information. Four biggest shipping companies suffered break ‐ down in their operations after they were struck by malware. International Maritime Organization also was struck by cyber ‐ attack which took its website down. Maritime community noticed rise in cyber ‐ attacks on virtually all computer ‐ based systems on board of vessels. For manned vessels risks to safety of navigation are mitigated by presence of crew on board but remain financial and reputational losses. Introduction of remotely controlled and fully autonomous unmanned vessels will increase seriousness of threats. Cyber ‐ attack may severely hamper ship’s operability or even lead to complete loss of control. International community
{"title":"Cyber Threats for Present and Future Commercial Shipping","authors":"J. Pawelski","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.01","url":null,"abstract":": Cyber ‐ attacks are extremely dangerous for all operations relaying upon it ‐ technologies. Today shipping businesses cannot operated without processing large amounts of information. Four biggest shipping companies suffered break ‐ down in their operations after they were struck by malware. International Maritime Organization also was struck by cyber ‐ attack which took its website down. Maritime community noticed rise in cyber ‐ attacks on virtually all computer ‐ based systems on board of vessels. For manned vessels risks to safety of navigation are mitigated by presence of crew on board but remain financial and reputational losses. Introduction of remotely controlled and fully autonomous unmanned vessels will increase seriousness of threats. Cyber ‐ attack may severely hamper ship’s operability or even lead to complete loss of control. International community","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81558301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. F. Kazerooni, M. Rahimian, Marcus Tree, T. Womersley, S. Mortensen, Bugge Jensen
: Growth of demand for containerized cargo shipping has put more ports into pressure to accommodate larger vessels. Considering the limitations on dimensions of navigation channels, this is not feasible unless aiming for significant capital dredging or alternatively creating high precision predictions of vessel motions subjected to environmental forcing and interaction with shallow and restricte d waterway. NCOS ONLINE (Nonlinear Channel Optimisation Simulator) is a state of the art navigation support tool which combines DHI’s high level forecast of environmental conditions with mathematical model of ship motions to add an extra level of accuracy in predicting the under-keel clearance and vessel swept path to boost the efficiency of navigation and pilotage within restricted channels. NCOS Manoeuvring Module utilizes an autopilot scheme based on PID (Proportional / Integral / Derivative) controller and Line of Sight Algorithm to FORCE Technology’s SimFlex4 manoeuvring solver for prediction of manoeuvring ship swept path and response, which will effectively bring the accuracy of real time full bridge simulator to fast time operation support tool. In this paper, the result of mathematical model is validated against fullscale measurements of containership transits through Port of Auckland Navigation channel by comparing pilot commands, leeway drift and swept path through output of portable p ilotage unit. According to the results the model is found promising to predict the behaviour of human pilots with precision required in operational use. Finally, the swept path and manoeuvring performance of a sample transit is assessed on different enviro nmental conditions and tide stages to evaluate the safe transit windows in operation.
{"title":"Development and Validation of an Operational Fast Time Ship Manoeuvring Solver to Increase Navigation Efficiency in Horizontally Restricted Waterways","authors":"M. F. Kazerooni, M. Rahimian, Marcus Tree, T. Womersley, S. Mortensen, Bugge Jensen","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.01.06","url":null,"abstract":": Growth of demand for containerized cargo shipping has put more ports into pressure to accommodate larger vessels. Considering the limitations on dimensions of navigation channels, this is not feasible unless aiming for significant capital dredging or alternatively creating high precision predictions of vessel motions subjected to environmental forcing and interaction with shallow and restricte d waterway. NCOS ONLINE (Nonlinear Channel Optimisation Simulator) is a state of the art navigation support tool which combines DHI’s high level forecast of environmental conditions with mathematical model of ship motions to add an extra level of accuracy in predicting the under-keel clearance and vessel swept path to boost the efficiency of navigation and pilotage within restricted channels. NCOS Manoeuvring Module utilizes an autopilot scheme based on PID (Proportional / Integral / Derivative) controller and Line of Sight Algorithm to FORCE Technology’s SimFlex4 manoeuvring solver for prediction of manoeuvring ship swept path and response, which will effectively bring the accuracy of real time full bridge simulator to fast time operation support tool. In this paper, the result of mathematical model is validated against fullscale measurements of containership transits through Port of Auckland Navigation channel by comparing pilot commands, leeway drift and swept path through output of portable p ilotage unit. According to the results the model is found promising to predict the behaviour of human pilots with precision required in operational use. Finally, the swept path and manoeuvring performance of a sample transit is assessed on different enviro nmental conditions and tide stages to evaluate the safe transit windows in operation.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81593212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The automation of maritime transport is an indispensable trend towards full autonomy of maritime vessels. In this paper, an attempt was made to present the control system for port autonomous vessels using an agent system. On the basis of the conducted research, in order to optimize the energy consumption related to the movement of tugboats, the shape of the hull and the shape of the formation in which 4 tugboats are moving were selected. Several scenarios of navigational situations that may take place in port waters have been recognized. The conducted analysis have shown that the optimal shape of the hull of tugboats, the shape of the formation in which they move, as well as the determination of the passage route for the implementation of a specific task, can contribute to reducing both the carbon footprint and the energy consumption of the propulsion systems of tugboats. This is of significant importance in terms of reducing exhaust gas emissions in and around ports.
{"title":"Control of Electric Drive Tugboat Autonomous Formation","authors":"Wojciech Koznowski, Andrzej Lebkowski","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.16","url":null,"abstract":": The automation of maritime transport is an indispensable trend towards full autonomy of maritime vessels. In this paper, an attempt was made to present the control system for port autonomous vessels using an agent system. On the basis of the conducted research, in order to optimize the energy consumption related to the movement of tugboats, the shape of the hull and the shape of the formation in which 4 tugboats are moving were selected. Several scenarios of navigational situations that may take place in port waters have been recognized. The conducted analysis have shown that the optimal shape of the hull of tugboats, the shape of the formation in which they move, as well as the determination of the passage route for the implementation of a specific task, can contribute to reducing both the carbon footprint and the energy consumption of the propulsion systems of tugboats. This is of significant importance in terms of reducing exhaust gas emissions in and around ports.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81002067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilie Salomonsen, Ø. Selvik, T. Berg, T. Thorvaldsen
{"title":"Increased Emergency Preparedness in Coastal Aquaculture","authors":"Cecilie Salomonsen, Ø. Selvik, T. Berg, T. Thorvaldsen","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88370572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: To assess the risk of collision in radar navigation distance-based safety measures such as Distance at the Closest Poi nt of Approach and Time to the Closest Point of Approach are most commonly used. Also Bow Crossing Range and Bow Crossing Time measures are good
{"title":"Simulation Environment in Python for Ship Encounter Situations","authors":"Lukasz Stolzmann, Joanna Szlapczynska","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.22","url":null,"abstract":": To assess the risk of collision in radar navigation distance-based safety measures such as Distance at the Closest Poi nt of Approach and Time to the Closest Point of Approach are most commonly used. Also Bow Crossing Range and Bow Crossing Time measures are good","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Leite, Mauro Pereira Jr., Edgar Szilagyi, Eduardo Aoun Tannuri
: Because of the importance of maintaining safety at sea, great training efforts are required to ensure that operators act safely in any ship. In such context, ship manoeuvring simulators are used to ease operators' learni ng experience. On the one hand, it may assist in the education of new operators by simu lating equipment interfaces in a controlled
{"title":"Low-Fidelity Radar Implementation for Real-Time Ship Manoeuvring Simulator with Unity3D","authors":"Bruno Leite, Mauro Pereira Jr., Edgar Szilagyi, Eduardo Aoun Tannuri","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.21","url":null,"abstract":": Because of the importance of maintaining safety at sea, great training efforts are required to ensure that operators act safely in any ship. In such context, ship manoeuvring simulators are used to ease operators' learni ng experience. On the one hand, it may assist in the education of new operators by simu lating equipment interfaces in a controlled","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabet Lacarra, Rodrigo GonzÁlez, Manuel Lopez-Martinez
: This article presents the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) performance observed along several maritime
{"title":"EGNOS Performance in Several Maritime Campaigns","authors":"Elisabet Lacarra, Rodrigo GonzÁlez, Manuel Lopez-Martinez","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.11","url":null,"abstract":": This article presents the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) performance observed along several maritime","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Baltic Sea maritime transport makes up about 15% of all cargo globally transported via sea, which makes it one of th e busiest maritime areas all over the world [1]. At the s ame time shipping operations create environmental pressures to the air, discharges of oil, sewage from passenger ships as well as invasion of alien organisms from ships’ ballast water or hulls [2 ]. In order to move from assessment of discharges from one ship to a certain area, it is necessary to combine the discharge factors to the activity patterns [3]. In this study the shipping activities that have environmental impact in the Estonian sea area will be analysed. In addition, the activities will be related with their source of pollution (e.g., manoeuvring, anchoring, loading/unloading cargo) and the impact or consequences are analysed (e.g., emission to air (CO2, SOx, NOx) discharge to water (antifoul ing paints, scrubber water, ballast water, bilge water, black water), physical discharge (underwater noise) etc). Finally, we assess the relative importance of the environmental effect of shipping in Estonian waters.
{"title":"Shipping Related Activities and Their Environmental Impact – Lessons Learnt from the Estonian Case Study","authors":"Mari-Liis Tombak, Ulla Tapaninen, Riina Palu","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.04.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.04.24","url":null,"abstract":": Baltic Sea maritime transport makes up about 15% of all cargo globally transported via sea, which makes it one of th e busiest maritime areas all over the world [1]. At the s ame time shipping operations create environmental pressures to the air, discharges of oil, sewage from passenger ships as well as invasion of alien organisms from ships’ ballast water or hulls [2 ]. In order to move from assessment of discharges from one ship to a certain area, it is necessary to combine the discharge factors to the activity patterns [3]. In this study the shipping activities that have environmental impact in the Estonian sea area will be analysed. In addition, the activities will be related with their source of pollution (e.g., manoeuvring, anchoring, loading/unloading cargo) and the impact or consequences are analysed (e.g., emission to air (CO2, SOx, NOx) discharge to water (antifoul ing paints, scrubber water, ballast water, bilge water, black water), physical discharge (underwater noise) etc). Finally, we assess the relative importance of the environmental effect of shipping in Estonian waters.","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valter Suban, Urban Pegan, Jure DemŁar, Danijela Tuljak-Suban, M. Perkovič, V. Bandelj
: Should an oil spill of tier III magnitude occur in the Northern Adriatic, there is a high probability that the oil will reach and pollute the surrounding coastline. Therefore, it is vital to conduct coastal vulnerability studies to develop priority plans and coastal vulnerability maps to help first responders protect the coastline. As there is no common contingency plan for oil spills in the Northern Adriatic
{"title":"Socio-Economic Factors in the Event of an Oil Spill in the North Adriatic","authors":"Valter Suban, Urban Pegan, Jure DemŁar, Danijela Tuljak-Suban, M. Perkovič, V. Bandelj","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.03.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.03.20","url":null,"abstract":": Should an oil spill of tier III magnitude occur in the Northern Adriatic, there is a high probability that the oil will reach and pollute the surrounding coastline. Therefore, it is vital to conduct coastal vulnerability studies to develop priority plans and coastal vulnerability maps to help first responders protect the coastline. As there is no common contingency plan for oil spills in the Northern Adriatic","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85279767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Ship Neural Domain Shape on Safe and Optimal Trajectory","authors":"J. Lisowski","doi":"10.12716/1001.17.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46009,"journal":{"name":"TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81053294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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