{"title":"Birth Timing and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital","authors":"Ignacio Palacios-Huerta","doi":"10.1086/728057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/727635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The arrival of Syrian refugees has significantly changed the labor-market conditions and the relative abundance of different skill groups in Turkey. We examine how the arrival of Syrian refugees affects school enrollment and employment of working-age native children using a difference-in-differences instrumental variable methodology. We find a significant drop in employment, largely due to children shifting from work-school balance to education only. School enrollment rises for boys, especially those with educated parents. However, the rate of girls not engaged in employment or education increases, particularly among those with less-educated parents, but decreases for boys with more-educated parents.
{"title":"Syrian Refugees and Human Capital Accumulation of Working-age Native Children in Turkey","authors":"Selcen Çakır, E. Erbay, M. Kırdar","doi":"10.1086/726628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726628","url":null,"abstract":"The arrival of Syrian refugees has significantly changed the labor-market conditions and the relative abundance of different skill groups in Turkey. We examine how the arrival of Syrian refugees affects school enrollment and employment of working-age native children using a difference-in-differences instrumental variable methodology. We find a significant drop in employment, largely due to children shifting from work-school balance to education only. School enrollment rises for boys, especially those with educated parents. However, the rate of girls not engaged in employment or education increases, particularly among those with less-educated parents, but decreases for boys with more-educated parents.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overeducation is an issue of concern in the public discourse that has implications for aggregate labor productivity. Extending a literature focused on individual outcomes, we find productivity-enhancing effects in Canadian data by province and industry spanning 1997–2015. Dynamic panel models with external instruments show that productivity increases by about 3% for each 1% increase in the overeducation shares. Effects are largest among industries with more intangible capital investment or with more jobs that require university education and among small-firm employees that are not unionized. Our results provide yet another argument for the benefits of postsecondary education.
{"title":"The productivity benefits of overeducation","authors":"Miana Plesca, F. Summerfield","doi":"10.1086/726630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726630","url":null,"abstract":"Overeducation is an issue of concern in the public discourse that has implications for aggregate labor productivity. Extending a literature focused on individual outcomes, we find productivity-enhancing effects in Canadian data by province and industry spanning 1997–2015. Dynamic panel models with external instruments show that productivity increases by about 3% for each 1% increase in the overeducation shares. Effects are largest among industries with more intangible capital investment or with more jobs that require university education and among small-firm employees that are not unionized. Our results provide yet another argument for the benefits of postsecondary education.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42344817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/726676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous research has found that external examinations positively affect human capital. Still, critics warn that such examinations inhibit the development of skills crucial to entrepreneurship. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor dataset and exploiting variation in examination types at the end of secondary school within countries and over time, we find that external examinations have positive long-term effects on entrepreneurship. An instrumental variables strategy confirms this relationship. However, the positive effect is heterogeneous and fades away as a country approaches the world technology frontier. External examinations benefit entrepreneurship by promoting risk acceptance, skill and opportunity perception, personal networks, and entrepreneurial intentions.
{"title":"The Long-Term Effects of External Examinations on Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor","authors":"Di Sima","doi":"10.1086/725061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725061","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has found that external examinations positively affect human capital. Still, critics warn that such examinations inhibit the development of skills crucial to entrepreneurship. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor dataset and exploiting variation in examination types at the end of secondary school within countries and over time, we find that external examinations have positive long-term effects on entrepreneurship. An instrumental variables strategy confirms this relationship. However, the positive effect is heterogeneous and fades away as a country approaches the world technology frontier. External examinations benefit entrepreneurship by promoting risk acceptance, skill and opportunity perception, personal networks, and entrepreneurial intentions.","PeriodicalId":46011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Capital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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