Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies最新文献_第8页

Other people’s children and the critical role of the social service workforce 他人子女和社会服务人员的关键作用

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2040762

C. Desmond, Kathryn Watt, M. Tomlinson, John Williamson, L. Sherr, M. Sullivan, L. Cluver

ABSTRACT Understanding the needs of your child is complicated. Understanding the varied needs of a population of children with whom you have no direct contact is the near impossible challenge policy makers, government planners and donors face when making policy or selecting interventions to fund and implement. They cannot unpack children’s individual needs and so must predict what is most important for a given population and which services to prioritise. This can be simplified by assuming that the needs of other people’s children are hierarchical: basic needs, such as food and shelter, must be met before considering higher-order needs. This conceptualisation justifies a focus on basic needs and decision makers can ignore higher-order needs and the complex interventions they may require, because both are assumed to be of secondary importance. Assuming a hierarchy of needs is a mistake. By drawing on examples from the literature, we outline how children, our own and other people’s, have non-hierarchical needs and thus caring for them is a balancing act, best done by those close to them. This conceptualisation highlights the importance of supporting families to support children. For a subset of families who are struggling, additional family strengthening interventions may be needed. In the relatively rare cases that such interventions are insufficient as family function is severely compromised, more intensive interventions may be necessary, but must be undertaken with great care and skill. Social services are critical because they have the potential to facilitate the intensive interventions when they are required, and while they are not required by all, for some of the most vulnerable children they are essential. The quality standards of such a service will be key in meeting the needs of other people’s children.

了解孩子的需求是很复杂的。决策者、政府规划者和捐助者在制定政策或选择资助和实施的干预措施时，几乎不可能面对的挑战是，了解与你没有直接接触的儿童群体的各种需求。他们无法了解儿童的个人需求，因此必须预测对特定人群来说什么是最重要的，哪些服务应该优先考虑。这可以通过假设其他人的孩子的需求是分层的来简化:在考虑更高层次的需求之前，必须满足诸如食物和住所等基本需求。这种概念化证明了对基本需求的关注是合理的，决策者可以忽略高阶需求及其可能需要的复杂干预，因为两者都被认为是次要的。假设需求层次是错误的。通过引用文献中的例子，我们概述了我们自己和别人的孩子是如何有不分等级的需求的，因此照顾他们是一种平衡行为，最好由他们亲近的人来做。这一概念强调了支持家庭支持儿童的重要性。对于一部分正在挣扎的家庭，可能需要额外的家庭强化干预措施。在相对罕见的情况下，由于家庭功能受到严重损害，这种干预措施是不够的，可能需要更密集的干预措施，但必须非常小心和熟练地进行。社会服务是至关重要的，因为它们有可能在需要时促进密集干预，虽然不是所有人都需要，但对于一些最脆弱的儿童来说，它们是必不可少的。这种服务的质量标准将是满足他人子女需求的关键。

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引用次数: 1

Tablet vs. Book learning: association with memory, attention, and learning abilities among lebanese children 平板电脑与书本学习：黎巴嫩儿童记忆、注意力和学习能力的关系

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2042447

Jessika Tawil, C. Haddad, Youssef Farchakh, H. Sacre, Rita Nabout, S. Obeid, P. Salameh, S. Hallit

ABSTRACT In Lebanon, the methods of teaching employed are mostly conventional. Teachers spend a lot of time giving lessons and homework to students, as well as reading assignments and correcting exercises completed in class. Students usually play a passive role in the education process; they listen calmly, occasionally question what is presented, and copy texts and information dictated by the teacher. Textbooks are the major source of instruction, yet many Lebanese schools have partially introduced electronic devices, and have discreetly started to rely on them. Given the reported discrepancies between textbooks and tablets learning, it was essential to conduct a Lebanese study that compares both entities. To assess the influence of textbooks and tablets on cognition and attention, it was also necessary to consider the schooling age that is critical for understanding the human brain and cognition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the association between of tablet vs. book learning on memory, attention, and learning abilities among Lebanese children. This cross-sectional study, conducted between January-May 2019, enrolled 566 students aged of 11–13 years. Two schools were chosen conveniently for this study, one of them uses the Tablet and text books for students’ learning whereas the second one uses text books exclusively. Students were randomly chosen from the list given by the school administration. Textbook learning was significantly associated with better episodic and visual memory, better attention, processing speed and mathematic skills compared to tablets and textbook learning. Learning is evolving to another level and forever changing. Many studies should be conducted in order to understand the importance of merging new and old techniques to ensure that the next generations are receiving what can positively affect their cognitive skills and their performance.

在黎巴嫩，采用的教学方法大多是传统的。老师花很多时间给学生上课和做作业，以及阅读作业和批改课堂上完成的练习。学生通常在教育过程中扮演被动的角色;他们平静地听着，偶尔会对所呈现的内容提出质疑，并抄写老师口授的文本和信息。教科书是教学的主要来源，但许多黎巴嫩学校已经部分引进电子设备，并谨慎地开始依赖它们。鉴于教科书和平板电脑学习之间所报告的差异，有必要进行一项黎巴嫩研究，对这两个实体进行比较。为了评估教科书和平板电脑对认知和注意力的影响，也有必要考虑上学年龄，这是了解人类大脑和认知的关键。因此，本研究的目的是评估平板电脑与书本学习对黎巴嫩儿童记忆、注意力和学习能力的影响。这项横断面研究于2019年1月至5月进行，招募了566名11-13岁的学生。我们方便地选择了两所学校进行研究，其中一所学校使用平板电脑和教科书进行学生学习，而另一所学校则完全使用教科书。学生是从学校行政部门提供的名单中随机抽取的。与平板电脑和教科书学习相比，教科书学习与更好的情景记忆和视觉记忆、更好的注意力、处理速度和数学技能显著相关。学习正在向另一个层次发展，并且永远在变化。为了了解新旧技术结合的重要性，应该进行许多研究，以确保下一代接受能够对他们的认知技能和表现产生积极影响的东西。

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引用次数: 2

Knowledge levels regarding sexually transmitted diseases among individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study 视障患者性传播疾病知识水平的横断面研究

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2038400

Hatice Güdül Öz, H. Yangın, Arzu Akpinar

ABSTRACT This study aimed to discover characteristics of individuals with visually impairment (VI) that are associated with lower knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), in Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected online from 110 individuals with VI. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Knowledge regarding STDs varies significantly with gender, marital status, and education status (p < .05). The study provides evidence to indicate that participants have an inadequate of information the mode of transmission, prevention, and various types of STDs. The results call for intensified STD-related education and awareness creation for individuals with VI.

摘要本研究旨在发现土耳其视障患者的特征，这些特征与性传播疾病（STDs）知识水平较低有关。在这项横断面研究中，从110名VI患者中在线收集数据。使用描述性统计和卡方检验进行数据分析。关于性传播疾病的知识因性别、婚姻状况和教育状况而异（p＜0.05）。该研究提供的证据表明，参与者对传播方式、预防和各种类型的性传播疾病信息不足。研究结果呼吁加强对VI患者的性病相关教育和提高认识。

引用次数: 1

Behavioral problems and its associated factors among siblings of children with developmental disabilities: analytical cross-sectional study 发育障碍儿童兄弟姐妹的行为问题及其相关因素:分析性横断面研究

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2021.2023788

Apsara Ali Nathwani, M. Lakhdir, S. Azam, A. Siddiqui

ABSTRACT The typically developing siblings of children with disabilities are vulnerable to behavioral problems as they grow up in an environment of considerable stress. Yet, the needs and behavior problems of these siblings are often neglected especially in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the behavior problems among siblings of children with developmental disabilities. The strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was administered on 250 siblings (aged 6–17 years) of children with a developmental disability (Autism, Intellectual disability (ID), Down Syndrome (DS), and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)) attending special education institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the relationship between SDQ scores and other demographic, parental, and disability-related factors. Adjusted beta coefficients were reported along with a 95% confidence interval. The average SDQ score was found to be 14 ± 6 among the siblings of children with developmental disabilities. Multivariable analysis showed that the estimated mean SDQ score was almost twice among siblings of children with ADHD (95% CI: 0.73–3.48) and ID (95% CI: 0.64–3.16) than siblings of children with Down syndrome. Also, the mean SDQ score was 8 units higher among siblings of children with a severe developmental disability compared to mild disability (95% CI: 6.79–9.47). The findings of the current study emphasize the need for appropriate mental health services, using a family-focused approach from therapeutic and counseling platforms to the siblings, parents, and disabled brother/sister for early identification and management of behavior issues. Abbreviations: ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder; AKU: Aga Khan University; β: Beta Coefficient (Slope); βo: Intercept; CHS: Community Health Sciences; DS: Down syndrom; ERC: Ethical Review Committee; ID: Intellectual Disability; MLR: Multiple Linear Regression; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SES: Socioeconomic Status; TD: Typically Developing

摘要残疾儿童的典型发育中的兄弟姐妹在压力很大的环境中长大，很容易出现行为问题。然而，这些兄弟姐妹的需求和行为问题往往被忽视，尤其是在巴基斯坦。在这项横断面研究中，我们评估了发育障碍儿童兄弟姐妹的行为问题。对巴基斯坦卡拉奇特殊教育机构的250名发育残疾儿童（自闭症、智力残疾、唐氏综合症和注意力缺陷多动障碍）的兄弟姐妹（6-17岁）进行了力量和困难问卷（SDQ）。多元线性回归用于评估SDQ评分与其他人口统计学、父母和残疾相关因素之间的关系。报告了调整后的β系数以及95%的置信区间。在发育障碍儿童的兄弟姐妹中，SDQ的平均得分为14±6。多变量分析显示，患有多动症（95%CI:0.73–3.48）和ID（95%CI:0.64–3.16）的儿童的兄弟姐妹的估计平均SDQ得分几乎是患有唐氏综合症儿童的兄弟姊妹的两倍。此外，与轻度残疾相比，患有严重发育残疾儿童的兄弟姐妹的平均SDQ得分高出8个单位（95%CI:6.79-9.47）。当前研究的结果强调了对适当心理健康服务的需求，从治疗和咨询平台到兄弟姐妹、父母、，以及残疾兄弟姐妹，以便早期识别和管理行为问题。缩写：多动症：注意力缺陷多动障碍；AKU：阿加汗大学；β：贝塔系数（斜率）；βo：截距；社区卫生科学；DS：唐综合征；ERC：伦理审查委员会；ID：智力残疾；MLR：多元线性回归；SDQ：优势和困难问卷；SES：社会经济地位；TD：典型发展

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引用次数: 3

The relationships between resilience, care environment, and social-psychological factors in orphaned and separated adolescents in western Kenya. 肯尼亚西部孤儿和失散青少年心理弹性、护理环境和社会心理因素之间的关系。

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2067381

Sarah C Sutherland, Harry S Shannon, David Ayuku, David L Streiner, Olli Saarela, Lukoye Atwoli, Paula Braitstein

The relationships between care environment, resilience, and social factors in orphaned and separated adolescents and youths (OSAY) in western Kenya are complex and under-studied. This study examines these relationships through the analysis of survey responses from OSAY living in Charitable Children's Institutes (CCI) and family-based care settings (FBS) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The associations between 1) care environment and resilience (measured using the 14-item Resilience Scale); 2) care environment and factors thought to promote resilience (e.g. social, family, and peer support); and 3) resilience and these same resilience-promoting factors, were examined using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. This cross-sectional study included 1202 OSAY (50.4% female) aged 10-26 (mean=16; SD=3.5). The mean resilience score in CCIs was 71 (95%CI=69-73) vs. 64 (95%CI=62-66) in FBS. OSAY in CCIs had higher resilience (β=7.67; 95%CI=5.26-10.09), social support (β=0.26; 95%CI=0.14-0.37), and peer support (β=0.90; 95%CI=0.64-1.17) than those in FBS. OSAY in CCIs were more likely to volunteer than those in FBS (OR=3.72; 95%CI=1.80-7.68), except in the male subgroup. Family (β=0.42; 95%CI=0.24-0.60), social (β=4.19; 95%CI=2.53-5.85), and peer (β=2.13; 95%CI=1.44-2.83) relationships were positively associated with resilience in all analyses. Volunteering was positively associated with resilience (β=5.85; 95%CI=1.51-10.19). The factor most strongly related to resilience in both fully adjusted models was peer support. This study found a strong relationship between care environment and resilience. Care environment and resilience each independently demonstrated strong relationships with peer support, social support, and participating in volunteer activities. Resilience also had a strong relationship with familial support. These data suggest that resilience can be developed through strategic supports to this vulnerable population.

肯尼亚西部孤儿和失散青少年(OSAY)的护理环境、复原力和社会因素之间的关系复杂且研究不足。本研究通过分析生活在肯尼亚瓦辛吉舒县慈善儿童机构(CCI)和基于家庭的护理机构(FBS)的OSAY的调查反馈来检验这些关系。1)护理环境与心理弹性的关系(使用14项心理弹性量表测量);2)被认为促进心理弹性的护理环境和因素(如社会、家庭和同伴支持);3)采用多变量线性回归和逻辑回归对弹性和这些相同的弹性促进因素进行了检验。本横断面研究纳入1202例10-26岁的OSAY患者(50.4%为女性)(平均16岁;SD = 3.5)。CCIs的平均恢复力评分为71分(95%CI=69-73)， FBS的平均恢复力评分为64分(95%CI=62-66)。CCIs的OSAY具有更高的恢复力(β=7.67;95%CI=5.26-10.09)，社会支持(β=0.26;95%CI=0.14-0.37)，同伴支持(β=0.90;95%CI=0.64-1.17)。CCIs中的OSAY比FBS中的OSAY更倾向于自愿(OR=3.72;95%CI=1.80-7.68)，男性亚组除外。家庭(β= 0.42;95%CI=0.24-0.60)，社会(β=4.19;95%CI=2.53-5.85)，同行(β=2.13;95%CI=1.44-2.83)与恢复力呈正相关。志愿服务与心理弹性呈正相关(β=5.85;95% ci = 1.51 - -10.19)。在两个完全调整的模型中，与复原力关系最密切的因素是同伴支持。该研究发现，护理环境与心理弹性之间存在很强的关系。护理环境和恢复力分别与同伴支持、社会支持和参与志愿者活动有很强的关系。适应力也与家庭支持密切相关。这些数据表明，可以通过对这一弱势群体的战略支持来发展复原力。

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引用次数: 2

The Role of Self-Efficacy in HIV treatment Adherence and its interaction with psychosocial factors among HIV Positive Adolescents in Transition to Adult Care in Kenya. 自我效能感在HIV治疗依从性中的作用及其与肯尼亚HIV阳性青少年向成人护理过渡的社会心理因素的相互作用。

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2021.1954736

Nyawira Gitahi-Kamau, Samuel Wahome, Peter Memiah, Elizabeth A Bukusi

Adolescents and young adults (15-24 yrs.) have poorer HIV clinical outcomes than adults. Despite this, there is minimal data on individual-level factors such as self-efficacy towards antiretroviral adherence among perinatally infected adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study examined the interaction between antiretroviral treatment adherence self-efficacy and other psychosocial factors among adolescents receiving care in Nairobi, Kenya. We enrolled perinatally infected Adolescent Living with HIV (ALWHIV) 16-19 yrs. who were accessing care routinely at the HIV clinic. We measured self-reported ART adherence (7-day recall) and defined optimal adherence as >95%, and conducted a regression analysis to identify independently associated factors. Mediation analysis explored interactions between the psychosocial variables. We enrolled 82 ALWHIV median age 17 (IQR 16,18) who had been on ART for a median age of 11 yrs. (IQR 7,13). Sixty-four per cent (52) of the ALWHIV reported optimal adherence of >95%, and 15% reported missing doses for three or more months. After controlling for the other covariates, self-esteem, high viral load and an adherence level > 95% were significantly associated with adherence self-efficacy. Self-esteem was significantly associated with adherence self-efficacy and social support (p<0.001 and p=0.001), respectively. The paramed test indicated that the association between self-efficacy and adherence was mediated by self-esteem with a total effect of OR 6.93 (bootstrap 95% CI 1.99-24.14). Adherence self-efficacy was also mediated by self-esteem in developing adherence behavior. Interventions focused on increasing adherence among ALWHIV should include self-esteem building components.

青少年和年轻人(15-24岁)的艾滋病毒临床结果比成年人差。尽管如此，撒哈拉以南非洲地区感染艾滋病毒的围产期青少年对抗逆转录病毒依从性的自我效能等个人层面因素的数据很少。我们的研究考察了在肯尼亚内罗毕接受治疗的青少年中抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性、自我效能和其他社会心理因素之间的相互作用。我们招募了围产期感染艾滋病毒(ALWHIV)的16-19岁青少年。他们在艾滋病毒诊所接受常规治疗。我们测量了自我报告的ART依从性(7天回忆)，并将最佳依从性定义为>95%，并进行回归分析以确定独立相关因素。中介分析探讨了社会心理变量之间的相互作用。我们招募了82例中位年龄为17岁(IQR为16,18)的ALWHIV患者，他们接受ART治疗的中位年龄为11年。(差7—13)。64%(52)的ALWHIV报告了>95%的最佳依从性，15%报告了3个月或更长时间的剂量缺失。在控制其他协变量后，自尊、高病毒载量和> 95%的依从性水平与依从性自我效能显著相关。自尊与依从性、自我效能和社会支持显著相关(p

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引用次数: 4

Coronavirus stress and adolescents’ internalizing problems: exploring the effect of optimism and pessimism 冠状病毒压力与青少年的内化问题：乐观和悲观情绪的影响

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2021.2020386

Faramarz Asanjarani, Gökmen Arslan, H. Alqashan, P. Sadeghi

ABSTRACT Coronavirus and its stress can have a significant impact on an individual’s psychological and physical well-being. Studies show that children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups as they lack adaptive coping strategies. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating effect of optimism and pessimism on the association between coronavirus stress and youth internalizing problems among Iranian adolescents. The sample of this study included 408 students (42.4% female) recruited through cluster sampling. Participants were administered Corona Stress Measure (CSM), Optimism-Pessimism Measure (OPM), and Youth Internalizing Behavior Screener (YIBS). Results from the analyses showed that coronavirus stress was a significant and positive predictor of internalizing problems and pessimism, as well as a negative predictor of optimism. Additionally, the results showed that optimism and pessimism mediated the effect of coronavirus related stress on youth internalizing symptoms. Coronavirus stress significantly predicted internalizing problems through optimism and pessimism among young Iranian people. Given the importance of understanding the relationship between Coronavirus stress and internalizing problems through the mediating role of optimism-pessimism, this study provides the foundation for understanding internalizing behaviors in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak.

冠状病毒及其带来的压力会对个人的心理和身体健康产生重大影响。研究表明，儿童和青少年是最脆弱的群体之一，因为他们缺乏适应性应对策略。本研究的目的是探讨乐观和悲观在伊朗青少年冠状病毒压力与青少年内化问题之间的中介作用。本研究的样本包括408名学生，其中女生占42.4%。采用冠状压力量表(CSM)、乐观-悲观量表(OPM)和青少年内化行为量表(YIBS)。分析结果表明，冠状病毒压力是内化问题和悲观情绪的重要和积极预测因素，也是乐观情绪的负面预测因素。此外，研究结果表明，乐观和悲观介导了冠状病毒相关压力对青年内化症状的影响。冠状病毒压力通过乐观和悲观情绪显著预测伊朗年轻人的内化问题。鉴于通过乐观-悲观的中介作用来理解冠状病毒应激与内化问题之间的关系的重要性，本研究为理解新冠肺炎疫情期间儿童和青少年的内化行为提供了基础。

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引用次数: 1

Racial Inequalities in Mortality from Pediatric Asthma in the United States: Clinical and Public Health Challenges 美国儿童哮喘死亡率的种族不平等：临床和公共卫生挑战

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2021.2017533

Namrata Gadela, Alexandra Rubenstein, Maria C. Mejia, S. Gonzalez, C. Hennekens, R. Levine, Sarah K. Wood

ABSTRACT In the United States (US), morbidity and mortality from pediatric asthma are increasing. We explored racial inequities using the Multiple Causes of Death Files of the US National Center for Health Statistics and the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) for 1–14-year-olds from 1999 to 2018. We obtained mortality rates, Black:White mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and Annual Percent Change (APC). We tested for significance with 95% confidence intervals and joinpoint regression. Of 2,731 deaths from asthma, Blacks comprised 65.25% and 21.25% of the population. Black:White MRRs were 6.43 for 1–4, 7.54 for 5–9 and 6.88 for 10–14-year-olds of 6.88. The APC decline of −2.56 (p < 0.05) was significant among Whites but not Blacks. MRRs increased significantly from 4.23 in 2000 to16.57 in 2015 and declined to 6.69 in 2018. Among Black boys and girls, mortality rates were highest in Large Central Metropolitan areas. For Whites, rates were similar by urbanization in girls but were highest in Non-core, Non-metropolitan rural areas in boys. These descriptive data demonstrate statistically significant racial inequities in mortality from pediatric asthma in the US. They generate hypotheses, including, but not limited to, those related to under-resourced families and communities as well as economic and social marginalization. These and other plausible hypotheses require direct testing in analytic epidemiologic studies designed a priori to do so. In the meanwhile, efforts are necessary to strengthen community-driven initiatives and focus attention on inequitable systems, hierarchies, social structure and institutional practices. These include multifactorial interventions for individual, environmental and societal risk factors and educational efforts toward health-care providers and their patients about structural racism; these may combat, at least in part, vulnerabilities in US children and youth and improve racial inequities overall and from pediatric asthma.

摘要在美国，儿童哮喘的发病率和死亡率正在上升。我们使用美国国家卫生统计中心的多种死因档案和1999年至2018年1-14岁青少年的广泛流行病学研究在线数据（WONDER）来探讨种族不平等。我们获得了死亡率、黑人与白人死亡率比率（MRRs）和年变化百分比（APC）。我们用95%置信区间和连接点回归来检验显著性。在2731例哮喘死亡病例中，黑人分别占总人口的65.25%和21.25%。1-4岁的黑人和白人的MRR分别为6.43、7.54和6.88。APC下降−2.56（p＜0.05）在白人中是显著的，但在黑人中不是。MRR从2000年的4.23大幅增加到2015年的6.57，并下降到2018年的6.69。在黑人男孩和女孩中，大城市中心区的死亡率最高。对于白人来说，女孩的城市化率相似，但男孩在非核心、非大都市农村地区的比率最高。这些描述性数据表明，在美国儿童哮喘死亡率方面存在统计上显著的种族不平等。它们产生了假设，包括但不限于与资源不足的家庭和社区以及经济和社会边缘化有关的假设。这些和其他看似合理的假设需要在事先设计的流行病学分析研究中进行直接测试。与此同时，有必要努力加强社区驱动的举措，并将注意力集中在不公平的制度、等级制度、社会结构和制度实践上。其中包括针对个人、环境和社会风险因素的多因素干预，以及针对医疗保健提供者及其患者的结构性种族主义教育；这些措施可能至少在一定程度上消除美国儿童和青年的脆弱性，改善总体种族不平等和儿童哮喘。

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引用次数: 0

Parental multiple sclerosis: child-parent and child –peer attachment 父母多发性硬化症:孩子-父母和孩子-同伴依恋

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2021.2015032

Sofia Anassontzi, Anna L. Christopoulos, J. Tsiantis

ABSTRACT The relationship between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the parent and the psychological adjustment of the child has been a source of interest and concern in the literature, and in the current study the aim was to investigate the quality of attachment in the child’s relationship with parents as well as with peers. Studies have investigated a variety of dimensions such as developmental outcomes, behavioral problems and psychiatric symptomatology with interesting but conflicting results. The present study focused on children’s relationships with their parents and with peers in families where one parent had MS, compared to children with two healthy parents. This is a correlational and predictive quantitative study. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), which investigates parent-child and child-peer relationships, was the instrument of the study. The results of the study show that children from a family with a parent with MS report secure attachment with their parents but insecure attachment with their peers. Children from a family with healthy parents report secure attachment with their parents and with their peers. This study indicates that children from families with a parent with MS differ significantly from children with two healthy parents to their attachment with their peers, in all the three dimensions: trust, communication and feelings of alienation, as well as in the global score of attachment. The findings have significant implications both empirically and clinically for families where one parent has MS. Clinical interventions must pay significant attention to these relationships and how problems with peers might be related to other psychological difficulties of children with an MS ill parent.

家长多发性硬化症(MS)与儿童心理适应之间的关系一直是文献中关注和关注的一个来源，在本研究中，目的是调查儿童与父母以及与同伴关系中的依恋质量。研究调查了各种维度，如发育结果、行为问题和精神症状学，结果有趣但相互矛盾。目前的研究集中在父母一方患有多发性硬化症的家庭中，与父母双方都健康的儿童相比，儿童与父母和同龄人的关系。这是一项相关性和预测性的定量研究。父母和同伴依恋量表(IPPA)是研究亲子和儿童同伴关系的工具。研究结果显示，父母一方患有多发性硬化症的家庭的孩子与父母有安全依恋关系，但与同龄人有不安全依恋关系。来自健康父母家庭的孩子与父母和同龄人的依恋关系是安全的。本研究发现，父母一方患有多发性硬化症的儿童与父母双方均健康的儿童在信任、沟通和疏离感三个维度上的同伴依恋以及依恋整体得分均存在显著差异。研究结果对父母一方患有多发性硬化症的家庭具有重要的实证意义和临床意义。临床干预必须重视这些关系，以及父母一方患有多发性硬化症的儿童与同伴的问题可能与其他心理困难的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Cyber-victimization among adolescents: its relationships with primary appraisal and coping strategies 青少年网络受害状况与主要评价和应对策略的关系

IF 1.1 Q4 FAMILY STUDIES

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2021.2008077

Siah Poh Chua, Tee Xiang Yi, Grace Yap Chin Choo, Tan Chee Seng, Joanna Tan Tjin Ai, Low Sew Kim, Komathi Lokithasan

ABSTRACT Cyber-victimization is prevalent among adolescents, but not all cyber-victims experience the same level of negative impacts. The individual difference can be related to their adopted coping strategies. By using the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping as a framework, it is expected that cyber-victims would appraise the bullying differently; which leads them to adopt different coping strategies. Cyber-victims are more likely to adopt passive coping strategies when they experience bullying from known bullies that they have frequent contact with. On the other hand, when they perceive that they have no future contact with the bullies, cyber-victims are more likely to adopt active coping strategies. In this study, school counsellors selected eighteen cyber-victims to participate in an in-depth interview using the purposive sampling method. The textual data was then analysed with thematic analysis. The results showed that this study identified some types of cyberbullying and coping strategies that are not covered in existing measurements; while participants are more likely to use passive strategies to cope with cyberbullying. More importantly, the findings revealed probable associations between known and unknown bullies and the use of active or passive coping strategies. The findings of this study indicate the importance of exploring the associations between primary and secondary appraisals as their relationships are seldom examined in cyber-victimization studies.

摘要网络受害在青少年中普遍存在，但并非所有网络受害者都经历了相同程度的负面影响。个体差异可能与他们采取的应对策略有关。以压力与应对的交易模型为框架，预期网络受害者对欺凌行为的评价会有所不同；这导致他们采取不同的应对策略。当网络受害者遇到他们经常接触的已知欺凌者的欺凌时，他们更有可能采取被动应对策略。另一方面，当他们意识到自己未来不会与欺凌者接触时，网络受害者更有可能采取积极的应对策略。在这项研究中，学校辅导员选择了18名网络受害者，采用有目的的抽样方法进行深入访谈。然后对文本数据进行专题分析。结果表明，这项研究确定了一些类型的网络欺凌和应对策略，这些策略在现有的测量中没有涵盖；而参与者更有可能使用被动策略来应对网络欺凌。更重要的是，研究结果揭示了已知和未知的欺凌者与主动或被动应对策略的使用之间的可能联系。这项研究的结果表明，探索初级评估和次级评估之间的联系很重要，因为在网络受害研究中很少研究它们之间的关系。

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引用次数: 2