Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X23000083
H. Watson
{"title":"Volker Grabowsky (ed.): Manuscript Cultures and Epigraphy in the Tai World. v, 418 pp. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2022. $65. ISBN 978 616 215 172 9.","authors":"H. Watson","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X23000083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X23000083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"514 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000878
Miguel Ángel Andrés-Toledo
Abstract The Pahlavi syntagm zīndag ruwān (NP zende/zinde ravān), literally “living soul / soul of the living”, designates a Zoroastrian funerary ceremony to be performed by priests on behalf of a person in his/her lifetime for the benefit of his/her own soul. It is particularly ordered by that person as a pre-emptive means to ensure that the funerary prayers will be recited, even if relatives are unable to do so, and to guarantee the protection of the god Sraoša in the passing away to the afterlife. In this contribution, I discuss the most relevant aspects of this Zoroastrian ceremony that can be extracted from the Pahlavi literature, and consider that its changes from older periods until modern times are due to diachronic, diatopic and socio-economic variables.
{"title":"The zīndag ruwān ceremony in historical perspective","authors":"Miguel Ángel Andrés-Toledo","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000878","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Pahlavi syntagm zīndag ruwān (NP zende/zinde ravān), literally “living soul / soul of the living”, designates a Zoroastrian funerary ceremony to be performed by priests on behalf of a person in his/her lifetime for the benefit of his/her own soul. It is particularly ordered by that person as a pre-emptive means to ensure that the funerary prayers will be recited, even if relatives are unable to do so, and to guarantee the protection of the god Sraoša in the passing away to the afterlife. In this contribution, I discuss the most relevant aspects of this Zoroastrian ceremony that can be extracted from the Pahlavi literature, and consider that its changes from older periods until modern times are due to diachronic, diatopic and socio-economic variables.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"377 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45706083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000787
Kumiko Yamamoto
Abstract This paper compares the Ḥamzanāma (Book of Ḥamza) with the Shāhnāma (Book of Kings), the two most popular works performed by the storytellers of Safavid Iran (1501–1736), focusing on their heroes, Ḥamza and Rustam, respectively. Following an overview of the Ḥamzanāma that helps to identify its main intertexts, themes, and narrative elements: the Shāhnāma; the Islamic Alexander tradition; and ʿayyārī (trickery); the paper re-examines how Ḥamza is modelled after Rustam by looking at his epithets and narrative functions. It then turns to their differences, which are most discernible in Rustam's epithet used as the name of Ḥamza's enemy, the split between the ideals of jawānmardī (generosity) and ʿayyārī, and Ḥamza's unheroic weaknesses. This latter serves to emphasize God's compassion at his martyrdom while giving storytellers an impetus to continue their performances.
{"title":"Ḥamza versus Rustam: Comparing the Ḥamzanāma with the Shāhnāma","authors":"Kumiko Yamamoto","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000787","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper compares the Ḥamzanāma (Book of Ḥamza) with the Shāhnāma (Book of Kings), the two most popular works performed by the storytellers of Safavid Iran (1501–1736), focusing on their heroes, Ḥamza and Rustam, respectively. Following an overview of the Ḥamzanāma that helps to identify its main intertexts, themes, and narrative elements: the Shāhnāma; the Islamic Alexander tradition; and ʿayyārī (trickery); the paper re-examines how Ḥamza is modelled after Rustam by looking at his epithets and narrative functions. It then turns to their differences, which are most discernible in Rustam's epithet used as the name of Ḥamza's enemy, the split between the ideals of jawānmardī (generosity) and ʿayyārī, and Ḥamza's unheroic weaknesses. This latter serves to emphasize God's compassion at his martyrdom while giving storytellers an impetus to continue their performances.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"355 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X23000046
Godefroid de Callataÿ
decisive light on this question. This constitutes an important research agenda for future work on these papyri. The second part of the book delves into the literary sources on the early history of the office. Lists and biographies of early qāḍīs appear relatively late in the literature, but the material they contain displays a remarkable degree of verisimilitude. The judges they depict are neither saints nor villains, and they practise a law that sometimes diverges in significant ways from later accepted legal norms. On the basis of his summary analysis, Tillier concludes that we can reconstruct the existence of and practices of qāḍīs in the first half of the eighth century. He then proceeds to construct an image of the judge from the ground up, in as differentiated a manner as possible, shedding light on such questions as where the judge held court in different cities, how litigants petitioned the court, where they were placed within it, and what other officials served the court under the qāḍī. In the final part of the book, Tillier turns to the question of the “origin” of the office of the qāḍī. Previous studies (such as Tyan’s, or von Grunebaum’s 1939 review of Tyan in JAOS, or the work of Crone and Hallaq on Islamic law in general) have generally posited a particular pre-Islamic source of Islamic institutions. Tillier argues convincingly, first, that our knowledge of late antique law in the Near East is too patchy to allow us to discern exactly the kinds of legal cultures the Arab conquerors inherited and, second, that what we do know suggests that the process was not one of simple adoption but rather of the complex and gradual construction of a unified legal system that included existing elements but integrated them into a novel system with a high degree of homogeneity across the provinces. Tillier’s reading of the literary and documentary evidence is diligent, and his conclusions are restrained, thoughtful, and convincing. They pose a refreshing contrast with more flamboyant and speculative accounts of early legal institutions (such as Jokisch’s in his Islamic Imperial Law and Crone’s in her Roman Provincial Law). Its lack of sensationalism, combined with the fact that it is written in French, has unfortunately limited the impact of the book on the field. The language barrier, at least, has now been to some degree removed by the availability of an open-access online version of the book (at https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/36105?lang) that yields a decent automatic translation into English – good enough, in my experience, to use in the classroom. Tillier’s work shows what legal history can look like when the sources are considered holistically in their variety. Much has been achieved by Tillier, much more remains to be done in this important area.
{"title":"Wafi A. Momin (ed.): Texts, Scribes and Transmission: Manuscript Cultures of the Ismaili Communities and Beyond. xv, 481 pp. London: I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2022.","authors":"Godefroid de Callataÿ","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X23000046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X23000046","url":null,"abstract":"decisive light on this question. This constitutes an important research agenda for future work on these papyri. The second part of the book delves into the literary sources on the early history of the office. Lists and biographies of early qāḍīs appear relatively late in the literature, but the material they contain displays a remarkable degree of verisimilitude. The judges they depict are neither saints nor villains, and they practise a law that sometimes diverges in significant ways from later accepted legal norms. On the basis of his summary analysis, Tillier concludes that we can reconstruct the existence of and practices of qāḍīs in the first half of the eighth century. He then proceeds to construct an image of the judge from the ground up, in as differentiated a manner as possible, shedding light on such questions as where the judge held court in different cities, how litigants petitioned the court, where they were placed within it, and what other officials served the court under the qāḍī. In the final part of the book, Tillier turns to the question of the “origin” of the office of the qāḍī. Previous studies (such as Tyan’s, or von Grunebaum’s 1939 review of Tyan in JAOS, or the work of Crone and Hallaq on Islamic law in general) have generally posited a particular pre-Islamic source of Islamic institutions. Tillier argues convincingly, first, that our knowledge of late antique law in the Near East is too patchy to allow us to discern exactly the kinds of legal cultures the Arab conquerors inherited and, second, that what we do know suggests that the process was not one of simple adoption but rather of the complex and gradual construction of a unified legal system that included existing elements but integrated them into a novel system with a high degree of homogeneity across the provinces. Tillier’s reading of the literary and documentary evidence is diligent, and his conclusions are restrained, thoughtful, and convincing. They pose a refreshing contrast with more flamboyant and speculative accounts of early legal institutions (such as Jokisch’s in his Islamic Imperial Law and Crone’s in her Roman Provincial Law). Its lack of sensationalism, combined with the fact that it is written in French, has unfortunately limited the impact of the book on the field. The language barrier, at least, has now been to some degree removed by the availability of an open-access online version of the book (at https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/36105?lang) that yields a decent automatic translation into English – good enough, in my experience, to use in the classroom. Tillier’s work shows what legal history can look like when the sources are considered holistically in their variety. Much has been achieved by Tillier, much more remains to be done in this important area.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"506 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47753874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000125
W. Floor
{"title":"ANDREW J. NEWMAN (ed.): Iranian/Persianate Subaltern in the Safavid Period: Their Role and Depiction. Recovering Lost Voices. Berlin: Gerlach Press, 2022. xxiv. 243 pp. £85. ISBN 978 3 95994 152 5.","authors":"W. Floor","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"512 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43160303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000186
{"title":"BSO volume 85 issue 3 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":" ","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47046403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000071
Zeren Tanındı
{"title":"Barbara Brend: Treasures of Herat. 240 pp. London: Gingko, in association with The British Library, 2022. ISBN 978 1 909942 54 7.","authors":"Zeren Tanındı","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"508 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42888079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000830
Pascal Gerber
Abstract This paper discusses the sound change of oralization in the Mewahang language (Eastern Kiranti, Trans-Himalayan/Sino-Tibetan) spoken in eastern Nepal. The sound change of oralization turned syllable-final nasals into homorganic oral stops when followed by voiceless obstruents. This sound change constitutes a diagnostic innovation of Mewahang with regard to its closest relatives Lohorung and Yamphu. In this paper, the process of oralization in both compounding as well as derivational and inflectional morphology is described and illustrated with primary data collected in fieldwork. The explanatory potential of the sound change for synchronic peculiarities in the verbal morphology and morphophonology is discussed, and an overview of exceptions to the sound change is provided.
{"title":"The sound change of oralization in Mewahang","authors":"Pascal Gerber","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000830","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper discusses the sound change of oralization in the Mewahang language (Eastern Kiranti, Trans-Himalayan/Sino-Tibetan) spoken in eastern Nepal. The sound change of oralization turned syllable-final nasals into homorganic oral stops when followed by voiceless obstruents. This sound change constitutes a diagnostic innovation of Mewahang with regard to its closest relatives Lohorung and Yamphu. In this paper, the process of oralization in both compounding as well as derivational and inflectional morphology is described and illustrated with primary data collected in fieldwork. The explanatory potential of the sound change for synchronic peculiarities in the verbal morphology and morphophonology is discussed, and an overview of exceptions to the sound change is provided.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"445 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x23000058
Yixuan Cai
{"title":"Olivia Milburn (trans.): Kingdoms in Peril: A Novel of the Ancient Chinese World at War. x, 332 pp. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2022. £13.99. ISBN 978 0 520 38051 6.","authors":"Yixuan Cai","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x23000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x23000058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"516 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41738428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000842
F. Speziale
Abstract This article looks at the translation and circulation of yogis’ learning in Persian medical and alchemical texts produced in South Asia. I suggest that looking at the non-religious environment allows for a more accurate understanding of the overall circulation of yogic knowledge and techniques in the Muslim society of South Asia. Furthermore, I suggest that the assimilation of yogis’ learning in Persian sources concerned not only Yoga but also other types of knowledge associated with yogis. Muslim physicians’ interest in yogis’ knowledge focused on one specific aspect: rasaśāstra “alchemy” and the mastery over the production of mercurial and metallic drugs. The technical and pragmatic focus of Persian medico-alchemical writings contributed to give views of yogis beyond the exotic and foreignizing category of the wonders of India. Medical writings helped to develop views of yogis as a socio-economic group involved in the transmission of a specific body of knowledge. This was an important shift away from the perspective of the ‘ajā’ib al-hind “wonders of India” as well as from the ways in which yogis were perceived in Sufi texts. New perspectives on yogis emerged when Persian-speaking scholars and readers in India needed more pragmatic representations of local groups, such as the physicians who were in the process of appropriating alchemical notions that were closely associated with the yogis.
{"title":"Beyond the “wonders of India” (‘ajā’ib al-hind): Yogis in Persian medico-alchemical writings in South Asia","authors":"F. Speziale","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article looks at the translation and circulation of yogis’ learning in Persian medical and alchemical texts produced in South Asia. I suggest that looking at the non-religious environment allows for a more accurate understanding of the overall circulation of yogic knowledge and techniques in the Muslim society of South Asia. Furthermore, I suggest that the assimilation of yogis’ learning in Persian sources concerned not only Yoga but also other types of knowledge associated with yogis. Muslim physicians’ interest in yogis’ knowledge focused on one specific aspect: rasaśāstra “alchemy” and the mastery over the production of mercurial and metallic drugs. The technical and pragmatic focus of Persian medico-alchemical writings contributed to give views of yogis beyond the exotic and foreignizing category of the wonders of India. Medical writings helped to develop views of yogis as a socio-economic group involved in the transmission of a specific body of knowledge. This was an important shift away from the perspective of the ‘ajā’ib al-hind “wonders of India” as well as from the ways in which yogis were perceived in Sufi texts. New perspectives on yogis emerged when Persian-speaking scholars and readers in India needed more pragmatic representations of local groups, such as the physicians who were in the process of appropriating alchemical notions that were closely associated with the yogis.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"423 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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