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The archaeology of 19th century oyster consumption in Melbourne 19 世纪墨尔本牡蛎消费考古学
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5310
Brendan Marshall

This paper presents comparative research on marine shell from four 19th century historical archaeological sites in Melbourne. The shell derives predominantly from Mud Oyster (Ostrea angasi) and Sydney Rock Oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) commercially harvested from natural reefs along the south-east Australian coastline. The research collects quantitative data that informs on the 19th century oyster industry and investigates inter-site shell variability and its implications for processing, consumption and discard. Dredging of subtidal reefs provides an explanation for the numerical dominance of oyster, the presence of subfossil cultch (Anadara) and the wide range of minor shellfish. Mud oyster and Sydney rock oyster comparisons in valve size, sided counts and preservation record significant differences within and between sites due to the origins, depositional conditions and the processing of the shell. These data form the basis of two models. The first predicts the archaeological representation of reef dredging and ranks shellfish according to categories, from live oysters to dead shell sampled from the reef substrate. Based on oyster shell anatomy and the separate uses of the right (lid) and left (dish) valves, the second model considers how oyster processing and consumption is characterised archaeologically in differential valve counts and pairing rates.

本文介绍了对墨尔本四个 19 世纪历史考古遗址中海洋贝壳的比较研究。贝壳主要来自泥牡蛎(Ostrea angasi)和悉尼岩牡蛎(Saccostrea glomerata),这些牡蛎是从澳大利亚东南海岸线的天然礁石上进行商业捕捞的。该研究收集量化数据,为 19 世纪的牡蛎产业提供信息,并调查不同地点之间的贝壳变化及其对加工、消费和丢弃的影响。潮下暗礁的疏浚为牡蛎的数量优势、亚化石养殖物(Anadara)的存在以及多种小型贝类提供了解释。泥牡蛎和悉尼岩牡蛎在瓣膜大小、边数和保存方面的比较记录了由于产地、沉积条件和贝壳加工而造成的地点内和地点间的显著差异。这些数据构成了两个模型的基础。第一个模型预测礁石挖掘的考古代表性,并根据从活牡蛎到从礁石底层取样的死壳等类别对贝类进行排序。第二个模型以牡蛎壳的解剖结构以及右瓣(盖)和左瓣(盘)的不同用途为基础,考虑了牡蛎加工和消费在不同瓣数和配对率方面的考古特征。
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引用次数: 0
The archaeology of 19th century oyster consumption in Melbourne 19 世纪墨尔本牡蛎消费考古学
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5310
Brendan Marshall
This paper presents comparative research on marine shell from four 19th century historical archaeological sites in Melbourne. The shell derives predominantly from Mud Oyster (Ostrea angasi) and Sydney Rock Oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) commercially harvested from natural reefs along the south‐east Australian coastline. The research collects quantitative data that informs on the 19th century oyster industry and investigates inter‐site shell variability and its implications for processing, consumption and discard. Dredging of subtidal reefs provides an explanation for the numerical dominance of oyster, the presence of subfossil cultch (Anadara) and the wide range of minor shellfish. Mud oyster and Sydney rock oyster comparisons in valve size, sided counts and preservation record significant differences within and between sites due to the origins, depositional conditions and the processing of the shell. These data form the basis of two models. The first predicts the archaeological representation of reef dredging and ranks shellfish according to categories, from live oysters to dead shell sampled from the reef substrate. Based on oyster shell anatomy and the separate uses of the right (lid) and left (dish) valves, the second model considers how oyster processing and consumption is characterised archaeologically in differential valve counts and pairing rates.
本文介绍了对墨尔本四个 19 世纪历史考古遗址中海洋贝壳的比较研究。贝壳主要来自泥牡蛎(Ostrea angasi)和悉尼岩牡蛎(Saccostrea glomerata),这些牡蛎是从澳大利亚东南海岸线的天然礁石上进行商业捕捞的。该研究收集量化数据,为 19 世纪的牡蛎产业提供信息,并调查不同地点之间的贝壳变化及其对加工、消费和丢弃的影响。潮下暗礁的疏浚为牡蛎的数量优势、亚化石养殖物(Anadara)的存在以及多种小型贝类提供了解释。泥牡蛎和悉尼岩牡蛎在瓣膜大小、边数和保存方面的比较记录了由于产地、沉积条件和贝壳加工而造成的地点内和地点间的显著差异。这些数据构成了两个模型的基础。第一个模型预测礁石挖掘的考古代表性,并根据从活牡蛎到从礁石底层取样的死壳等类别对贝类进行排序。第二个模型以牡蛎壳的解剖结构以及右瓣(盖)和左瓣(盘)的不同用途为基础,考虑了牡蛎加工和消费在不同瓣数和配对率方面的考古特征。
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引用次数: 0
Sacred offerings and secular foods on Reao Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago, East Polynesia 东波利尼西亚图阿莫图群岛雷奥环礁上的神圣祭品和世俗食物
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5308
Marshall I. Weisler, Ashleigh J. Rogers, Quan Hua, Fiona Bertuch, Thomas A. Wake, Yosihiko H. Sinoto

In 1976, Yosihiko H. Sinoto conducted extensive archaeological survey and excavations on Reao Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago as part of a Japanese, multi-disciplinary expedition led by Prof. Sachiko Hatanaka. Primarily excavating three marae and four habitation sites totalling ∼180 m2, more than 25000 vertebrate remains were recovered. We report the jidentification and analysis of the fauna and contrast the inventories from secular and sacred contexts inferring the ritual use of pig, dog, turtle and tuna (Scombridae), as well as identifying relatively larger parrotfish (Scaridae), groupers (Serranidae), snappers (Lutjanidae), the Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and sharks/rays (Elasmobranchii) on marae. With a suite of 11 new AMS age determinations, we report the first directly dated precontact records for pig and dog and anchor the marae chronology possibly beginning in the thirteenth century. The 800 calBP dates imply that at least one of the Tuamotu atolls may have emerged nearly two centuries prior to the hypothesised ‘cross-over’ date of 600 BP. Consequently, the earliest chronology of atoll emergence along the 1000 km length of the Tuamotus might vary, thus providing landscapes for human colonisation at slightly different times which has implications for the speed and tempo of colonisation.

1976 年,Yosihiko H. Sinoto 作为由 Sachiko Hatanaka 教授率领的日本多学科考察队的一员,在图阿莫图群岛 Reao 环礁进行了广泛的考古调查和发掘。主要发掘了三个玛拉伊遗址和四个居住遗址,总面积达 180 平方米,共发掘出 25000 多具脊椎动物遗骸。我们报告了动物群的鉴定和分析情况,并对比了世俗和神圣背景下的清单,推断出猪、狗、乌龟和金枪鱼(鲭科)的祭祀用途,还发现了相对较大的鹦嘴鱼(鲷科)、石斑鱼(石斑鱼科)、笛鲷(笛鲷科)、驼头濑鱼(Cheilinus undulatus)和鲨鱼/鳐鱼(鮨科)。通过一套 11 个新的 AMS 年龄测定,我们首次报告了与人类接触前的猪和狗的直接年代记录,并确定了可能始于 13 世纪的海滨年代学。公元前 800 年的日期意味着,图阿莫图环礁中至少有一个环礁可能比假设的公元前 600 年 "交叉 "日期早出现近两个世纪。因此,图阿莫土群岛 1000 公里长的环礁最早出现的年代可能会有所不同,从而为人类在略微不同的时间进行殖民提供了地貌,这对殖民的速度和节奏产生了影响。
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引用次数: 0
The pre-contact temple system of Hālawa Valley, Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands 夏威夷群岛摩洛卡岛哈拉瓦山谷与世隔绝前的寺庙系统
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5309
Patrick V. Kirch, Jillian Swift, Clive Ruggles

Building upon a pioneering 1909 survey of Moloka‘i Island heiau (temples) by archaeologist John F. G. Stokes, the pre-contact temple system of Hālawa Valley is described and analysed. Ten heiau were relocated and mapped, with seven sites test excavated and radiocarbon dated. The majority of sites are terraces or terraced platforms in architectural form, ranging in size from 72 to 1300 square meters in basal area. Functionally, the temples include fishing shrines (ko‘a), agricultural or fertility temples (heiau ho‘oulu‘ai), and one luakini or temple of human sacrifice dedicated to the war god Kū. The orientations of the temple foundations appear to be deliberate (rather than dictated by topography). One group is slightly offset from cardinality and shows an eastward orientation, likely associated with the god Kāne. A second group exhibits an orientation to the ENE, which is the direction of the star cluster Makali‘i (Pleiades), whose achronycal rising determined the onset of the Makahiki season dedicated to the god Lono. The radiocarbon dates indicate that the temples were constructed during the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, or the Archaic States Period of the Hawaiian cultural sequence.

考古学家约翰-斯托克斯(John F. G. Stokes)于 1909 年对莫洛卡伊岛神庙(heiau)进行了开创性的调查,在此基础上对哈拉瓦山谷(Hālawa Valley)的前接触神庙系统进行了描述和分析。对 10 座神庙进行了重新定位和测绘,并对 7 个遗址进行了试掘和放射性碳年代测定。大多数遗址的建筑形式为梯田或阶梯式平台,基底面积从 72 平方米到 1300 平方米不等。从功能上看,这些神庙包括捕鱼神庙(ko'a)、农业或生育神庙(heiau ho'ouulu'ai)以及一座供奉战神库(Kū)的卢阿基尼(luakini)或人祭神庙。神庙地基的方向似乎是经过深思熟虑的(而不是由地形决定的)。其中一组略微偏离中心位置,朝东,很可能与卡内神有关。第二组显示的方位是东北方向,也就是星团 Makali'i(昴宿星团)的方位,昴宿星团的赤经上升决定了祭祀 Lono 神的 Makahiki 季节的开始。放射性碳年代表明,这些神庙建于十七至十八世纪,即夏威夷文化序列中的古夏威夷时期。
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引用次数: 0
A 600–700-year-old basalt adze production site from Mount Bates, Norfolk Island 诺福克岛贝茨山 600-700 年前的玄武岩锛生产遗址
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5307
Nicola Jorgensen, Amy Mosig Way, James Flexner

While pre-European settlement of Norfolk Island has been recognised for many decades, particularly the larger settlement site at Emily Bay, until this point there has been limited understanding, and very little systematic recording of evidence for inland settlement. This report presents the location, chronology, stratigraphy and artefact assemblage of a previously undocumented lithic production site from Mount Bates in the north-western uplands of Norfolk Island. The site dates to approximately 600–700 calBP. Excavations recovered over 1200 basalt artefacts, representing various stages in the adze production process. Sites such as this contribute to a better understanding of the range of activities carried out by Polynesian settlers of Norfolk Island, the stone tool economies of marginal Polynesia and the importance of local stone sources for understanding Oceanic settlement.

虽然早在几十年前,人们就已经认识到诺福克岛是欧洲人定居的地方,尤其是艾米丽湾(Emily Bay)的较大定居点,但在此之前,人们对内陆定居点的了解有限,而且很少有系统的证据记录。本报告介绍了诺福克岛西北高地贝茨山(Mount Bates)的一个先前未记载的石器生产遗址的位置、年代、地层和人工制品组合。该遗址距今约600-700 calBP。挖掘发现了1200多件玄武岩文物,代表了阿泽生产过程的各个阶段。这样的遗址有助于更好地了解诺福克岛波利尼西亚定居者的活动范围,波利尼西亚边缘地区的石器经济,以及当地石头资源对了解海洋定居的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Hunting with dogs: a synthesis of ethnohistorical data and discussion of their implications for prehistoric subsistence in New Guinea 用狗狩猎:人种史资料综述及其对新几内亚史前生存的影响的讨论
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5306
Loukas G. Koungoulos, Adam Brumm

The advent of the dog is widely recognised as a major development in the economic organisation of ancient and contemporary hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies. Although the utility of dogs in assisting recent historical and contemporary New Guinean hunters is commonly emphasised in anthropological discourse, to date there has been no critical evaluation of their actual contributions to hunting yields and nutrition. As a result, it remains unclear what significance the advent of hunting dogs is likely to have had for prehistoric economies in New Guinea. Here we present a comprehensive synthesis and review of the evidence for the use of dogs in hunting within New Guinea, focusing on the ways in which they assist; what kinds of game they help to capture; the degree to which they improve hunting yields and efficiency; and how this affects the taxonomic makeup and average body-size of game in human diets. We then apply the findings to a consideration of how dogs likely affected the prehistoric economies of New Guinea after their introduction in the Late Holocene. As reliance on hunting dogs tends to produce over-representation of a few mammal species within hunting yields, we identify potential zooarchaeological signatures for the use of dogs, and discuss excavated sites at which these may be visible. Dogs have a transformative effect on the outcomes of hunting in New Guinea's environments, and their novel use likely marked a significant development in the island's economies which has previously been underestimated.

狗的出现被广泛认为是古代和当代狩猎采集和农业社会经济组织的重大发展。尽管在人类学的论述中,人们普遍强调狗在协助近代和当代新几内亚狩猎者方面的作用,但迄今为止,还没有对狗在狩猎产量和营养方面的实际贡献进行过批判性评估。因此,目前仍不清楚猎犬的出现对新几内亚史前经济的意义。在此,我们对新几内亚境内使用猎犬进行狩猎的证据进行了全面的综合和回顾,重点关注它们提供帮助的方式;它们帮助捕获的猎物种类;它们提高狩猎产量和效率的程度;以及这如何影响人类饮食中猎物的分类构成和平均体型。然后,我们将这些研究结果应用于对狗在全新世晚期引入后可能如何影响新几内亚史前经济的思考。由于对猎犬的依赖往往会导致少数哺乳动物物种在狩猎产量中的比例过高,因此我们确定了使用猎犬的潜在动物考古学特征,并讨论了可以看到这些特征的发掘遗址。狗对新几内亚环境中的狩猎结果具有变革性影响,狗的新用途很可能标志着该岛经济的重大发展,而这种发展以前一直被低估了。
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引用次数: 0
Indirect dating of secondary cave burials in the Massim region of Papua New Guinea reveals last millennium reorganisation of social practices 巴布亚新几内亚Massim地区二次洞穴埋葬的间接年代测定揭示了上千年社会实践的重组
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5305
Zali Boyd, Ben Shaw

In the Massim Island region of southeastern Papua New Guinea secondary interment of skeletal remains was widely practiced historically, but its social context and regional expression in the deeper past remains uncertain. In this paper the chronology of secondary burial on Panaeati Island is established indirectly by reconstructing the cultural and spatiotemporal association of 21 clay pots placed with human skeletal remains at Biniwaga Cave, coincidently establishing the first whole vessel typology of Southern Massim Combed Pottery (SMCP) and Southern Massim Pottery (SMP). Comparison with excavated pottery assemblages on Panaeati and elsewhere in the region demonstrates that the Biniwaga pots are consistent with SMCP and early SMP, dating from 740 to 470 calBP. Secondary burial practices on Panaeati are contemporary with those recorded elsewhere in the region and coincide with changes in pottery production centres. Compared to excavated pottery assemblages from contemporary sites, a relatively narrow range of pots are represented at Biniwaga. It is hypothesised that pots were selected to reflect the cultural affiliation of deceased individuals during a period of increasing inter-island interaction.

在巴布亚新几内亚东南部的马西姆岛地区,历史上曾广泛进行骨骼遗骸的二次安葬,但其社会背景和在更深层次的过去中的地区表现仍不确定。本文通过重建Biniwaga洞穴21个放置有人类骨骼遗骸的陶罐的文化和时空联系,间接建立了Panaeati岛二次埋葬的年表,同时建立了第一个南部块状梳状陶器(SMCP)和南部块状陶器(SMP)的全器型学。与Panaeati和该地区其他地方发掘的陶器组合的比较表明,Biniwaga陶器与SMCP和早期SMP一致,可追溯到740至470 calBP。帕纳蒂的二次埋葬做法与该地区其他地方记录的做法是同时代的,与陶器生产中心的变化相吻合。与当代遗址出土的陶器组合相比,Biniwaga的陶器种类相对较少。据推测,选择罐子是为了反映在岛屿间互动不断增加的时期,已故个体的文化归属。
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引用次数: 0
Putting the Dark Emu debate into context 把关于黑暗鸸鹋的争论放到上下文中
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5302
Tim Denham, Mark Donohue

In this review of the Dark Emu debate we start out by summarising Bruce Pascoe's original work and Peter Sutton and Keryn Walshe's critique. However, the majority of this contribution is to place this Australian-focussed debate into broader conceptual, methodological and evidential contexts generally associated with the investigation of early agriculture in other parts of the world. If we are to apply the term “agriculture” to Aboriginal plant management practices, then this requires a global, rather than a continental-centric comparative perspective. We argue debates regarding the character of plant exploitation practices on the Australian mainland, including whether they included forms of agriculture or experimental horticulture, have been hindered by a lack of terminological clarity, the absence of a methodological framework to assess empirically verifiable evidence, and – even more problematically – a lack of relevant data on the putative plants and practices involved. Here, terminology is clarified and a bottom-up, practice-based method is advocated for the assessment of recent (using oral, visual and written histories) and ancient (using archaeological, archaeobotanical and palaeoecological evidence) forms of food plant exploitation in Australia. The terminology and methodological framework are heuristically applied to three scenarios: (1) ethnographic and historical records for the exploitation of underground storage organs (USOs) on the Australian mainland; (2) historical documentation regarding the botany, potential human roles in dispersal, and Aboriginal exploitation of banana (Musa spp.), taro (Colocasia esculenta) and greater yam (Dioscorea alata) in northern Australia and (3) archaeobotanical evidence for the exploitation of USOs and other plants from The Top End.

在对黑暗鸸鹋辩论的回顾中,我们首先总结了布鲁斯·帕斯科的原著以及彼得·萨顿和凯琳·沃尔什的批评。然而,这一贡献的主要部分是将这场以澳大利亚为重点的辩论置于更广泛的概念、方法和证据背景中,这些背景通常与世界其他地区的早期农业调查有关。如果我们要将“农业”一词应用于土著植物管理实践,那么这需要一个全球的比较视角,而不是以大陆为中心的比较视角。我们认为,关于澳大利亚大陆植物开发实践的特征的辩论,包括它们是否包括农业或实验园艺的形式,由于缺乏术语清晰度,缺乏方法框架来评估经验可验证的证据,而且-更有问题的是-缺乏有关假定植物和实践的相关数据。在这里,术语被澄清,并提倡一种自下而上的、基于实践的方法来评估澳大利亚最近(使用口头、视觉和书面历史)和古代(使用考古、考古植物学和古生态证据)形式的食用植物开发。术语和方法框架启发式地应用于三种情况:(1)澳大利亚大陆地下储存器官(USOs)开采的民族志和历史记录;(2)关于植物学的历史文献,人类在香蕉(Musa spp.)、芋头(Colocasia esculenta)和山药(Dioscorea alata)在澳大利亚北部的传播和土著开发中的潜在作用;(3)来自the Top End的开发USOs和其他植物的考古植物学证据。
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引用次数: 0
Repatriation, Exchange, and Colonial Legacies in the Gulf of Papua: Moving Pictures. By Lara Lamb and Christopher Lee. Palgrave MacMillan, Switzerland, 2022. ISBN: 978-3-031-15578-9, Pp. 279. US $119.99 巴布亚湾的遣返、交换和殖民遗产:电影。作者:LaraLamb和ChristopherLee。Palgrave MacMillan,瑞士,2022年。ISBN: 978‐3‐031‐15578‐9,第279页。119.99美元
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5304
Elizabeth Bonshek
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引用次数: 0
Building and remembering: An archaeology of place-making on Papua New Guinea's South Coast by Chris Urwin. Pacific Islands Archaeology Series, University of Hawaiʻi Press, Honolulu, 2022, pp. 262 ISBN 9780824891886. US $76.00. 《建筑与记忆:巴布亚新几内亚南海岸的场所制造考古学》,作者:ChrisUrwin。太平洋岛屿考古系列,夏威夷大学夏威夷出版社,檀香山,2022年,第262页ISBN 9780824891886。76.00美元。
IF 0.9 3区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/arco.5303
Martin Porr
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引用次数: 0
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Archaeology in Oceania
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