Applied Linguistics Review最新文献

英文中文

The role of home biliteracy environment in Chinese-Canadian children's early bilingual receptive vocabulary development. 家庭双语环境在加拿大华裔儿童早期双语接受性词汇发展中的作用。

IF 3.4 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2025-04-28 eCollection Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0162

Guofang Li, Fubiao Zhen, Lee Gunderson

This study examined the unique contributions of home biliteracy environment in English and Chinese to Chinese-Canadian children's (n = 148) bilingual receptive vocabulary development. The children (42 kindergarteners and 106 first graders) were tested on oral receptive vocabulary in Chinese and English. Their parents (n = 148) filled out a questionnaire on home literacy environment (HLE) which included four dimensions in each language: parent-child shared reading, parent direct teaching, print resources, and digital devices usage in Chinese and English. Correlational and hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that HLE factors were less associated with English receptive vocabulary in grade-1 than in kindergarten but remained a strong contributor to Chinese vocabulary across both grades. English HLE was significantly associated with children's English vocabulary in kindergarten but not in grade 1. However, Chinese HLE had a significant effect on Chinese vocabulary in both kindergarten and grade 1. The four dimensions of HLE in each language also had differential relationships with bilingual vocabulary development in kindergarten and grade 1 with parents' direct teaching and the number of books in English and Chinese being consistent positive factors in facilitating bilingual vocabulary development in both grades. These findings highlight the importance of home biliteracy environment, particularly direct parental involvement, in early bilingual vocabulary development.

本研究考察了中英文家庭双语环境对加拿大华裔儿童（n = 148）双语接受性词汇发展的独特贡献。对42名幼儿园儿童和106名一年级儿童进行了汉语和英语口语接受性词汇测试。148名家长分别填写了家庭读写环境调查问卷，调查内容包括：亲子共享阅读、家长直接教学、印刷品资源和中英文数字设备使用四个维度。相关分析和层次线性模型分析表明，与幼儿园相比，高一年级学生的英语接受性词汇的影响程度较低，但两年级学生的汉语词汇的影响程度都较高。幼儿园阶段英语高水平与幼儿英语词汇量显著相关，小学一年级阶段无显著相关。然而，汉语高水平教育对幼儿园和一年级的汉语词汇量都有显著的影响。各语言HLE的四个维度对幼儿园和一年级双语词汇发展的影响也存在差异，家长的直接教学和中英文书籍的数量是促进两年级双语词汇发展的一致的积极因素。这些发现强调了家庭双语环境，特别是父母直接参与对早期双语词汇发展的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The role of speaker categorization in South Korean attitudes toward North Korean accents 说话者分类在南韩人对北韩口音的态度中所起的作用

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2023-0058

Yu Kyoung Shin, Stephanie Lindemann

North Koreans in South Korea often try to adopt South Korean accents to avoid discrimination, with varying degrees of success. Language attitudes studies have tended to investigate reactions to distinct varieties rather than speakers’ attempts to approximate new varieties for their own benefit, and while a few have considered the effects of listeners’ categorization of speakers on evaluations of them, they have generally focused solely on macro-categories such as place of origin, especially in languages other than English. This study investigates South Koreans’ attitudes toward North and South Koreans’ native and adopted accents and how these attitudes may relate to listeners’ categorization of the speakers. Eighty-two South Korean listeners rated recordings of three Korean speakers, two from different cities in North Korea and one from Busan, South Korea, who each read the same text in two versions: their native variety and their adopted Seoul variety. Listeners only consistently identified the Pyongyang variety as North Korean, but rated all three speakers more positively in Seoul guises than in their native guises. Additionally, when North Korean speakers were identified as being from outside South Korea, ratings were less positive. However, the Pyongyang speaker was rated more highly than the South Korean speaker on positive qualities, and qualitative data suggests that other types of speaker categorization may be relevant to attitudes, such as ‘professional’ for the Pyongyang speaker in both guises and ‘youth’ for the South Korean speaker in her Seoul guise. Thus, attitudes studies may benefit from qualitative data on speaker identification beyond the usual macro-categories, addressing the multiple categories indexed by a speech sample.

在南朝鲜的北朝鲜人经常试图采用南朝鲜口音以避免歧视，但成功的程度不一。语言态度研究往往调查的是对独特变体的反应，而不是说话人为了自身利益而试图接近新变体的情况。虽然有少数研究考虑了听众对说话人的分类对其评价的影响，但这些研究一般只关注宏观分类，如原籍地，尤其是英语以外的语言。本研究调查了韩国人对北韩人和南韩人的母语口音和采用的口音的态度，以及这些态度与听众对说话者的分类之间的关系。八十二名韩国听者对三名韩国人的录音进行了评分，其中两名来自北朝鲜的不同城市，一名来自韩国釜山。听者只一致将平壤版本识别为北朝鲜版本，但对所有三位演讲者的首尔版本的评价都比对其母语版本的评价要高。此外，当北朝鲜发言者被识别为来自韩国以外的地方时，听者对他们的评价也较低。然而，平壤发言者在积极品质方面的评价比南朝鲜发言者高，定性数据表明，其他类型的发言者分类可能与态度有关，如平壤发言者的两种身份都是 "专业人士"，而南朝鲜发言者的首尔身份是 "年轻人"。因此，态度研究可能会受益于有关说话者识别的定性数据，而不局限于通常的宏观分类，从而解决了语音样本中的多重分类问题。

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引用次数: 0

“As a Muslim…”: on the importance of intercultural responsibility in transnational cultural exchanges "作为穆斯林......"：跨文化责任在跨国文化交流中的重要性

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2023-0111

Anyarat Nattheeraphong, Christopher Jenks

Cultural exchange is increasingly becoming an essential activity of higher education as the world continues to experience widespread ethnocentrism because of war, migration, political provocation, and nationalism. Research in areas related to cultural exchange have also increased with the rise of teacher and student mobility, leading to an exciting body of scholarship. Several aspects of intercultural communication, however, remain under-researched in the study of cultural exchange. One such example is intercultural responsibility. The current study adds to this body of work by investigating how Muslim students that were part of a cultural exchange program in Thailand used notions of intercultural responsibility to make sense of their encounters and identities. The findings show that national and religious identities are both barriers to, and resources for, intercultural communication in general, and the social practices of Muslim students in particular. Intercultural responsibility is important to scholars and educators, as it can empower students to become agentive in their participation in intercultural communication, allowing them to reflect on and utilize their linguistic, cultural, and historical repertoire when interacting with individuals and communities that do not share their same cultural traditions and practices.

由于战争、移民、政治挑衅和民族主义等原因，世界上普遍存在着种族中心主义，因此，文化交流日益成为高等教育的一项重要活动。随着教师和学生流动性的增加，文化交流相关领域的研究也在增加，从而产生了大量令人兴奋的学术成果。然而，在文化交流研究中，对跨文化交际的几个方面的研究仍然不足。其中一个例子就是跨文化责任。本研究通过调查参加泰国文化交流项目的穆斯林学生如何利用跨文化责任的概念来理解他们的遭遇和身份，为这一研究领域添砖加瓦。研究结果表明，民族和宗教身份既是跨文化交流的障碍，也是跨文化交流的资源，尤其是穆斯林学生的社会实践。跨文化责任对于学者和教育工作者来说非常重要，因为它可以增强学生参与跨文化交际的能力，使他们在与文化传统和习俗不同的个人和社区互动时，能够反思并利用自己的语言、文化和历史知识。

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引用次数: 0

Culture machines 文化机器

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0188

Rodney H. Jones

This paper discusses the way the concept of culture is discursively constructed by large language models that are trained on massive collections of cultural artefacts and designed to produce probabilistic representations of culture based on this training data. It makes the argument that, no matter how ‘diverse’ their training data is, large language models will always be prone to stereotyping and oversimplification because of the mathematical models that underpin their operations. Efforts to build ‘guardrails’ into systems to reduce their tendency to stereotype can often result in the opposite problem, with issues around culture and ethnicity being ‘invisiblised’. To illustrate this, examples are provided of the stereotypical linguistic styles and cultural attitudes models produce when asked to portray different kinds of ‘persona’. The tendency of large language models to gravitate towards cultural and linguistic generalities is contrasted with trends in intercultural communication towards more fluid, socially situated understandings of interculturality, and implications for the future of cultural representation are discussed.

本文讨论了文化的概念是如何通过大型语言模型进行话语建构的，这些模型是在大量文化艺术品的基础上训练而成的，其目的是在这些训练数据的基础上产生文化的概率表征。它提出的论点是，无论其训练数据多么 "多样化"，大型语言模型由于其运行所依赖的数学模型，总是容易产生刻板印象和过度简化。在系统中建立 "防护栏 "以减少刻板印象倾向的努力往往会导致相反的问题，即文化和种族问题被 "隐蔽化"。为了说明这一点，我们举例说明了模型在被要求描绘不同类型的 "角色 "时所产生的刻板语言风格和文化态度。大型语言模型倾向于文化和语言的普遍性，这与跨文化交际中对跨文化性的理解更流畅、更社会化的趋势形成了鲜明对比，并讨论了对未来文化表征的影响。

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence and depth ontology: implications for intercultural ethics 人工智能与深度本体论：对跨文化伦理的影响

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0189

John P. O’Regan, Giuliana Ferri

Despite increasing concerns over the use of AI in surveillance, privacy, public health, climate change, global migration and warfare, the implications of its use in the field of intercultural communication are still not clearly defined. This paper critically examines the contemporary emergence of AI through the lens of a critical realist depth ontology to argue that AI, with its unending interplay of signs and symbols, is the ultimate simulacrum. As such, AI vacates the normative terrain of judgemental rationality in favour of the relativist terrain of endless simulacra and the fetish appearances of postmodernism. To illustrate this, it is argued that the inability of AI to make judgements based on judgemental rationality (or Ethics1) occludes the possibility of intervening in the world to ameliorate real injustice. Therefore, if intercultural ethics remains within the realm of judgmental relativism (or Ethics2) it abdicates the possibility to have an impact in the material world.

尽管人们越来越关注人工智能在监控、隐私、公共卫生、气候变化、全球移民和战争中的应用，但其在跨文化交流领域的应用所产生的影响仍未得到明确界定。本文通过批判现实主义深度本体论的视角对当代人工智能的出现进行了批判性研究，认为人工智能及其无休止的符号和象征的相互作用是终极的模拟。因此，人工智能摒弃了判断理性的规范领域，转而选择了无尽模拟的相对主义领域和后现代主义的拜物教表象。为了说明这一点，我们认为，人工智能无法根据判断理性（或伦理1 ）做出判断，这就排除了干预世界以改善现实不公正的可能性。因此，如果跨文化伦理学仍然停留在判断相对主义（或伦理学2）的范畴内，它就放弃了对物质世界产生影响的可能性。

引用次数: 0

Exploring AI for intercultural communication: open conversation 探索人工智能在跨文化交流中的应用：开放式对话

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0186

Hua Zhu, David Wei Dai, Adam Brandt, Guanliang Chen, Giuliana Ferri, Spencer Hazel, Chris Jenks, Rodney Jones, John O’Regan, Shungo Suzuki

AI is not new. What is new, however, is the speed and depth of its expansion in almost every aspect of our lives. This discussion forum is dedicated to exploring new frontiers and agendas for language and intercultural communication research. In this concluding piece, we invite the contributors to share insights on five key questions: their experiences (Question 1), the challenges and opportunities that we face (Question 2), the strengths and skills afforded by intercultural communication and applied linguistics (Question 3), considerations when collaborating with AI developers and user groups (Question 4) and the future landscape of intercultural communication (Question 5). Through these inquiries, we hope to amplify the contributors’ voices and experiences, often difficult to fit in academic writing, but crucial for contextualizing their epistemological stances in their work. We seek to broaden the discussion, drawing out a bigger picture of pressing issues, and exploring future prospects.

人工智能并不新鲜。然而，新的是它在我们生活几乎方方面面的扩展速度和深度。本论坛致力于探索语言和跨文化交际研究的新领域和新议程。在这篇总结性文章中，我们邀请投稿人就五个关键问题分享见解：他们的经验（问题 1）、我们面临的挑战和机遇（问题 2）、跨文化交际和应用语言学的优势和技能（问题 3）、与人工智能开发人员和用户群体合作时的注意事项（问题 4）以及跨文化交际的未来前景（问题 5）。通过这些调查，我们希望放大撰稿人的声音和经验，这些声音和经验往往难以融入学术写作中，但对于他们在工作中确定认识论立场的背景却至关重要。我们力求扩大讨论范围，为迫切的问题勾勒出一幅更大的图景，并探索未来的前景。

引用次数: 0

Generative AI for professional communication training in intercultural contexts: where are we now and where are we heading? 用于跨文化背景下专业交流培训的生成式人工智能：我们的现状和未来？

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0184

David Wei Dai, Shungo Suzuki, Guanliang Chen

It is a common feature of the 21st century workplace to be multicultural. Working professionals need to possess strong Interactional Competence to handle professional communication in various intercultural encounters in their workplace. This has however posed challenges to professional communication education since educators need to incorporate different cultural practices and interlocutor profiles in their teaching and assessment materials. In this paper we reflect on the practical challenges of professional communication education in intercultural contexts and envisage what AI can offer in this place. We start with some practical, on-the-ground dilemmas in integrating diverse cultural representation in professional communication education. We then use an operational AI-mediated assessment tool to elaborate the possibilities, affordances and caveats in using AI to develop teaching and assessment materials for professional communication education. We conclude with directions for future research and practice in the emerging space of AI for professional communication in intercultural contexts (AI-for-PCIC).

多元文化是 21 世纪工作场所的共同特征。在职专业人员需要具备很强的互动能力，以便在工作场所的各种跨文化交际中处理专业交流。然而，这给职业交际教育带来了挑战，因为教育者需要将不同的文化习俗和对话者情况纳入教学和评估材料中。在本文中，我们将反思跨文化背景下专业交流教育所面临的实际挑战，并设想人工智能在这方面能提供什么。我们首先介绍了在专业传播教育中融入多元文化表征的一些实际困难。然后，我们使用一个可操作的人工智能中介评估工具来阐述使用人工智能开发专业传播教育教学和评估材料的可能性、可负担性和注意事项。最后，我们为人工智能在跨文化背景下的职业交流（AI-for-PCIC）这一新兴领域的未来研究和实践指明了方向。

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引用次数: 0

Towards interculturally adaptive conversational AI 实现跨文化自适应对话式人工智能

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0187

Adam Brandt, Spencer Hazel

Among the many ways that AI technologies are becoming embedded in our social worlds is the proliferation of Conversational User Interfaces, such as voice assistants (e.g. Apple Siri and Amazon Alexa), chatbots and voice-based conversational agents. Such conversational AI technologies are designed to draw upon the designers’ understanding of interactional practices employed in human–human conversation, and therefore have implications for intercultural communication (ICC). In this paper, we highlight some of the current shortcomings of conversational AI, and how these relate to ICC. We also draw on findings from Conversation Analysis to discuss how pragmatic norms vary across linguacultural groups (see Risager, Karen. 2019. Linguaculture. In Carol A. Chapelle (ed.). Encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Wiley-Blackwell for a discussion of the term ‘linguaculture’), noting that this poses further challenges for designers of conversational AI systems. We argue that the solution is to work towards what we call interculturally adaptive conversational AI. Finally, we propose a framework for how this can be conceptualised and researched, and argue that researchers with expertise in language and ICC are uniquely placed to contribute to this endeavour.

人工智能技术正以多种方式融入我们的社会世界，其中之一就是对话式用户界面的普及，如语音助手（如苹果 Siri 和亚马逊 Alexa）、聊天机器人和基于语音的对话代理。这些会话式人工智能技术的设计借鉴了设计者对人机对话中交互实践的理解，因此对跨文化交际（ICC）产生了影响。在本文中，我们将强调会话式人工智能目前存在的一些不足，以及这些不足与 ICC 的关系。我们还将借鉴会话分析的研究成果，讨论语用规范在不同语言文化群体中的差异（见 Risager, Karen.2019.Linguaculture.In Carol A. Chapelle (ed.).应用语言学百科全书》。Wiley-Blackwell 对 "语言文化 "一词的讨论），并指出这给对话式人工智能系统的设计者带来了更多挑战。我们认为，解决办法就是努力实现我们所说的跨文化适应性对话式人工智能。最后，我们提出了一个如何将其概念化并加以研究的框架，并认为在语言和 ICC 方面具有专长的研究人员可以为这一努力做出独特的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Communicating the cultural other: trust and bias in generative AI and large language models 沟通文化他者：生成式人工智能和大型语言模型中的信任与偏见

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0196

Christopher J. Jenks

This paper is concerned with issues of trust and bias in generative AI in general, and chatbots based on large language models in particular (e.g. ChatGPT). The discussion argues that intercultural communication scholars must do more to better understand generative AI and more specifically large language models, as such technologies produce and circulate discourse in an ostensibly impartial way, reinforcing the widespread assumption that machines are objective resources for societies to learn about important intercultural issues, such as racism and discrimination. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand how trust and bias factor into the ways in which such technologies deal with topics and themes central to intercultural communication. It is also important to scrutinize the ways in which societies make use of AI and large language models to carry out important social actions and practices, such as teaching and learning about historical or political issues.

本文关注生成式人工智能中的信任和偏见问题，特别是基于大型语言模型的聊天机器人（如 ChatGPT）。讨论认为，跨文化交际学者必须做更多工作，以更好地理解生成式人工智能，更具体地说是大型语言模型，因为此类技术以表面上公正的方式生产和传播话语，强化了机器是社会了解种族主义和歧视等重要跨文化问题的客观资源这一普遍假设。因此，我们迫切需要了解信任和偏见是如何影响这些技术处理跨文化交流的核心话题和主题的。同样重要的是，要仔细研究社会如何利用人工智能和大型语言模型来开展重要的社会行动和实践，如历史或政治问题的教学和学习。

引用次数: 0

Walking with: understandings and negotiations of the mundane in research 同行：研究中对世俗的理解和协商

IF 2.6 2区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Applied Linguistics Review

Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0069

Jessica Mary Bradley, Sari Pöyhönen

Disruptions, and indeed spectacular disruptions, are understood and experienced by people in many different ways. They serve to both highlight and embed deep-rooted inequalities, changing experiences of the everyday and even challenging the very right to have an everyday. In this joint article we critically engage with conceptualisations of the mundane, exploring how people negotiate everyday life in contexts of unprecedented change. We take up Georges Perec’s call to take account of the everyday, focusing on examples from two ethnographically informed projects, both of which engage with creative practice. The first is long-term research in forced migration settings in North-Western Finland, which explores how people negotiate and re-negotiate linguistic citizenship and everyday life, in a policy context which restricts and limits. The second is a community arts and wellbeing project in the North of England, which investigated creative approaches to re-emergence from the Covid19 pandemic among people who had been particularly affected by isolation, including new mothers. In both projects, our data are drawn from fieldnotes from observations, reflections from our own participation, interviews and creative artefacts made by participants. In our analysis and discussion, we foreground ephemeral everyday moments and how individuals aim to hold up the mundane in the middle of major, internal and international crises. We consider how the ‘right to an everyday’ is central to understandings of being human, and draw on these experiences to show how ethnographic research, with particular emphasis on language(s) and creative practice, can shed light on lived experiences of the mundane and unequal experiences of and rights to the everyday.

人们以许多不同的方式理解和体验破坏，实际上是壮观的破坏。它们既凸显了根深蒂固的不平等现象，又使之根深蒂固，改变了人们的日常生活体验，甚至挑战了人们拥有日常生活的权利。在这篇联合撰写的文章中，我们批判性地探讨了 "平凡 "的概念，探讨了人们如何在前所未有的变革背景下协商日常生活。我们响应乔治-佩雷克（Georges Perec）关于考虑日常生活的号召，重点关注两个民族志项目中的实例，这两个项目都与创造性实践有关。第一个项目是在芬兰西北部的强迫移民环境中进行的长期研究，探讨了在限制和约束的政策背景下，人们如何协商和重新协商语言公民身份和日常生活。第二个项目是在英格兰北部开展的社区艺术与福祉项目，该项目调查了受隔离影响特别严重的人群（包括新妈妈）从科维德19 大流行病中重新崛起的创造性方法。在这两个项目中，我们的数据都来自于实地观察记录、我们自己的参与反思、访谈以及参与者制作的创意工艺品。在我们的分析和讨论中，我们强调了短暂的日常时刻，以及个人如何在重大的国内和国际危机中保持平凡。我们考虑了 "日常权利 "是如何成为理解人类的核心的，并利用这些经验来说明人种学研究，特别是强调语言和创造性实践的研究，是如何揭示日常的生活经验以及日常的不平等经验和权利的。

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