INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW最新文献

{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2277975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2277975","url":null,"abstract":"\"Notes on Contributors.\" The International History Review, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" 45","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fascist Cultural Diplomacy and Italian Foreign Policy in Norway from the 1930s until the Second World War","authors":"Monica Miscali","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2278610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2278610","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to highlight the diplomatic relations between Italy and Norway during the fascist period, until the regime collapsed at the end of the Second World War. In particular, the paper seeks to reconstruct the main features of Mussolini’s foreign policy, how it was perceived in Norway, how and how the propaganda machine of the Italian authorities tried to influence the image of fascism in Norway. The analysis of the relations between these two states will follow the constraints of foreign policy, which was characterized by alternating phases of openness and secrecy. Consequently, rather than a single phase, there were many stages in the diplomatic relations between the two countries. Cultural diplomacy played a significant role in the two countries’ relations; these included numerous events and trips to Italy, organized by the fascist regime, for Norwegian intellectuals. These served to overcome the geographical distance, and showed a new face for Italy, which was more cultured and linked to its cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"35 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ankara in Chinese Imagination: Turkish Capital and Its Influence on ‘Temporary Capital’ Chongqing","authors":"Çile Maden Kalkan, Giray Fidan","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2276750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2276750","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOn 13 October 1923, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey officially designated Ankara as the capital of the newly established Republic of Turkey. Ankara became the focal point for the implementation of Mustafa Kemal’s nation-building efforts. In December 1937, Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, was occupied by the Japanese Forces. the Nationalist Government decided to relocate the capital to Chongqing for similar reasons with Turkey back in 1923. To promote the decision of relocating the capital to Chongqing among the population some Chinese writers and journalists drew parallels between the situation in China and the precedent of Turkey’s own capital relocation. This article aims to investigate the parallels that existed in the context of the relocation of these respective capital cities. Specifically, how the Republican China’s decision to relocate its capital from Nanjing to Chongqing was influenced by the precedent of Turkey’s capital relocation in 1923.Keywords: TurkeyAnkaraChinaChongqingcapital city Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Richard Dennis, Cities in Modernity: Representations and Productions of Metropolitan Space, 1840–1930 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).2 Ismet Giritli, “Kemalism as an Ideology of Modernization” in Jacob M. Landau (ed), Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey (USA: Westview Press, 1984), 251; L. Köker, Modernleşme, Kemalizm ve Demokrasi [Modernization, Kemalism and Democracy] (Istanbul: İletişim Publishing, 2004).3 Osman Okyar, “Atatürk’s Quest for Modernism” in J. M. Landau (ed), Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey (USA: Westview Press, 1984), 45–53.4 Ilhan Tekeli, Modernizm, Modernite ve Türkiye’nin Kent Planlama Tarihi [Modernism, Modernity and Turkey’s Urban Planning History] (Istanbul: History Foundation Publications, 2011).5 Esra Özyürek, Nostalgia for The Modern: State Secularism and Everyday Politics in Turkey (Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2006); Sibel Bozdoğan and Reşat Kasaba (eds), Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997).6 Asım Karaomerlioğlu, Orada Bir Köy Var Uzakta: Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Köycü Söylem [There Is a Village Far Away: Peasantist Discourse in the Early Republic Period] (Istanbul: İletişim Publishing, 2006).7 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk [Nutuk] (Istanbul: National Education Printing House, 1973), 10.8 Mazhar Müfit Kansu, Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber [With Atatürk From Erzurum Until His Death] (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Printing House, 1968), 444.9 Kansu, Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber [With Atatürk From Erzurum Until His Death], 500.10 Bilal N. Şimşir, Ankara … Ankara: Bir Başkentin Doğuşu [Ankara… Ankara: Birth of a Capital] (Istanbul: Bilgi Publications, 2006), 147–148.11 Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi [Prime Ministry Republic Archive] (BCA). Dosya. 21. Belge. 15.12 Enver Z","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"141 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135270951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Gregory E. Erhabor, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2276505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2276505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"278 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Suez Crisis and Dag Hammarskjöld’s Mediation: Biased or Balanced? A View from Cairo","authors":"Jonathan Franco","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2274098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2274098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capitalism, Sovereignty, and Planning in Hugh Dalton’s Interwar International Thought","authors":"Nick Kaderbhai","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2265375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2265375","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the international thought of Hugh Dalton during the interwar period. Perhaps best known as Clement Attlee’s first Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1945–47, Dalton was a thirty year veteran of the Parliamentary Labour Party, and influential member of the Party’s National Executive Council. Dalton’s influence on the conceptualisation of foreign policy and international order has been underappreciated, and thus remains underdeveloped in the literature. This article argues that while initially agreeing with his liberal internationalist colleagues on the need to prevent international disorder through international institutions, Dalton’s evolving understanding of his own social democratic political philosophy ultimately led to a change in emphasis. Liberal internationalists failed to consider the causes of disorder in the first place, namely the excesses of capitalism and national sovereignty, Dalton argued. Only by addressing these fundamentals, and reconstructing societies along social democratic lines at home, could inter- and eventually supranational institutions and organisations be created to build a functioning order internationally. Filling this gap in the literature vis-a-vis Dalton’s intellectual contribution to the problems of international order further develops the idea of an interwar ‘British social democratic internationalism’ that while previously hinted at it in the literature, has not been fully developed.","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military Loyalty in Britain’s Withdrawal from Aden, 1960–1967","authors":"Huw Bennett","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2265361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2265361","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article argues an understanding of the British withdrawal from Aden in 1967 requires greater attention to be paid to the loyalty of the local security forces who were supposed to help repress the insurgency in south Arabia, and then secure a friendly state when Britain left. The Federal Regular Army (FRA), the most important formation, proved to be consistently unreliable through behaviours ranging from the attempted murder of British personnel, to desertion and political activism. However, disbanding the FRA might have made matters even worse, so British officers sought to manipulate its loyalty through various mechanisms, including pay rises, ignoring disloyal incidents and directing propaganda at the soldiers. These endeavours succeeded in holding off a mutiny until June 1967, but only by creating a force which became infiltrated by the insurgent movements and lacked the capacity to play any meaningful role in defending the federation. This analysis suggests studies on British counter-insurgency should investigate further the role of local allies in strategy and operations.Keywords: Adencounter-insurgencydecolonisationloyalismdefence policy AcknowledgementsThanks to Victoria Basham, Edward Burke, Brian Drohan, David French, Claudia Hillebrand and David Morgan-Owen for their help during the preparation of this article, and to the staffs at the Bodleian Library, the British Library, the Imperial War Museum and the National Archives for making the archival research possible. Earlier versions of the article were presented at conferences held by the Society for the History of War in Amsterdam in 2022, and the Society for Military History in San Diego in 2023. Thank you to the conference organisers, and to the audience members for their questions and comments. I am most grateful to the journal’s editor, Professor Gaynor Johnson, and to the two anonymous reviewers, for improving the quality of the article and permitting its publication.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Rhiannon Vickers, The Labour Party and the World, Volume 2: Labour’s Foreign Policy Since 1951 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011), 58, 76-77.2 Saki Dockrill, Britain’s Retreat from East of Suez: The Choice between Europe and the World? (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 104.3 John Young, The Labour Governments 1964-1970, Volume 2: International Policy (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003), 31, 35-38, 50.4 Kennedy Trevaskis, Shades of Amber: A South Arabian Episode (London: Hutchinson, 1968); Colin Mitchell, Having Been a Soldier (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1969).5 Clive Jones, Britain and the Yemen Civil War, 1962-1965. Ministers, Mercenaries and Mandarins: Foreign Policy and the Limits of Covert Action (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2004), 216.6 Jonathan Walker, Aden Insurgency: The Savage War in South Arabia 1962-1967 (Staplehurst: Spellmount, 2005), xix.7 Aaron Edwards, Defending the Rea","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ‘Potemkin Reality’: Bolshevik Preparations for Visits of Polish Diplomats and Officials to Soviet Institutions and Enterprises in the 1930s","authors":"Robert Kuśnierz","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2265363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2265363","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOn the basis of materials from post-Soviet and Polish archives the author discusses attempts to show Soviet reality in as good a light as possible by hiding the traditional communist disorder that were taken by the Bolsheviks in relation to Polish diplomats and consular officials and tourists in the 1930s as well as provides the answer to the question of what their perception of the mystification under way was. As Soviet materials attest, until the mid-1930s the Soviets strove to show foreigners the ‘Soviet paradise’ in a positive light. They expended much energy in that regard. The greatest undertaking was the visit of the French politician Édouard Herriot, but as the data provided in the present article, this practice was also used, to a lesser extent, in relation to other foreigners. A profound analysis of the archival base allows the author to state that employees of the Polish Foreign Service in the Soviet Union did not allow themselves to be swayed by the propagandistic images showed them by their Soviet hosts.Keywords: PropagandaSoviet UnionPolandPolish diplomatic corps in the USSR Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Dariusz Tołczyk, Gułag w oczach Zachodu, (Warsaw: Prószyński Media, 2009), 122.2 The subject of the Great Famine (Holodomor) in Ukraine and in the other parts of the Soviet Union has now been sufficiently unearthered and examined. In 2015 over 18,000 different studies on the Holodomor in Ukraine were cataloged. See: Nataliia Levchuk, Tetiana Boriak, Oleh Wolowyna, Omelan Rudnytsky, and Alla Kovbasiuk, “Vtraty mis’koho i sils’koho natselennia Ukraïny vnaslidok Holodomoru v 1932–1934 rr.: novi otsinky”, Ukraïns’kyi istorychnyi zhurnal 4 (2015), 86.3 On the visit of Édouard Herriot in the Soviet Union and the propagandistic utilization of his stay by the Bolsheviks to deny the existence of famine as well as to show the “achievements of socialism,” see for example Robert Kuśnierz, Ukraina w latach kolektywizacji i Wielkiego Głodu (1929-1933), (Toruń: GRADO, 2005), 183-188; Iaroslav Papuha, „Vizyt Eduarda Errio v Ukraїnu pid chas Holodomoru”, Holodmor Studies, 15 October, 2017, online edition: https://www.holodomorstudies.com/research1.html. See also: Dmytro Zlepko (ed.), Der ukrainische Hunger-Holocaust. Stalins Verschwiegener Völkenmord 1932/1933 an 7 Milionen ukrainischen Bauern im Spiegel geheimgehaltener Akten des deutschen Auswärtigen Amtes. Eine Dokumentation, (Sonnenbühl: H. Wild, 1988), 173-177.4 See Tomasz Stempowski (ed.), „Najbardziej tajemniczy kraj świata”. Związek Sowiecki w fotografiach i tekstach Juliena H. Bryana 1930-1959 / „The Most Mysterious of Coutries”. The Soviet Union in the Photographs and Writings of Julien H. Bryan, 1930-1959, (Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2020), 16.5 Haluzevyi derzhavnyi arkhiv Sluzhby bezpeky Ukraïny v Kyievi (The Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukra","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135899239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation and Chinese Cultural Diplomacy during the Interwar Period","authors":"Kaiyi Li, Huimei Zhou","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2260386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2260386","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn the Interwar period, the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) of the League of Nations promoted international understanding and functioned as a cultural center for international communication. Chinese scholars and diplomats actively participated in the activities organized by the ICIC and utilized these as vehicles to establish broader international acknowledgment of China. The article argues that, in its role as a cultural center, the ICIC was not apolitical but shaped by different levels of political considerations. One important aim for Chinese scholars and diplomats had been to reconstitute the image of China in order to enhance its international status. Simultaneously, this reconstitution effort was also targeted towards domestic society. This article first focuses on Chinese diplomats’ attempts to fight for Chinese membership on the Committee of the ICIC. It then probes the negative aspect of this articulation, namely countering prejudices against China. The article considers how Chinese scholars had felt insulted by cultural prejudices and stereotypes and hence called for a new image of China. Finally, the article investigates the positive aspect of this articulation, namely the attempt to reconstitute a more favourable image of China, examining this reconstituted image and how it was disseminated within China.Keywords: International committee on intellectual cooperationChinese international imagecultural diplomacyinternational cultural orderSino-Western cultural relation AcknowledgementsWe sincerely thank the two reviewers for their careful and critical review of the article. We also appreciate the valuable input provided by Dr. Chen Yarong and Dr. Tan Hao during the revision process.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Yutang Lin, ‘Zhongguo wenhua zhi jingshen’, shenbao Yuekan, 1 (1) (1932), 1–7.2 Zhitian Luo, ‘Disillusionment after “Six Months of Optimism”: The Psychology and Politics of the Literati before the May Fourth Movement’, Historical Research, (4) (2004):105–124 + 129.3 Alison Adcock Kaufman, ‘In Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China’s Diplomacy and the League of Nations’, Modern China, 40 (6) (2018): 605–638.4 Harumi Goto-Shibata, The League of Nations and the East Asian Imperial Order, 1920-1946 (Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020).5 Kaiyi Li, Transnational Education between The League of Nations and China: The Interwar Period (Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021); Xuehai Bu, et al., ‘The Promotion and Influence of Sardi on the Development of China’s Early Educational Films’, Journal of Beijing Film Academy, (04) (2018):147–54; Li Zhang, Guoji hezuo zai Zhongguo: Guoji lianmeng juese de kaocha 1919-1946 (Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, 1999); Suzanne Pepper, Radicalism and Education Reform in 20th-Century China: The Search for an Ideal Development Model (Cambridge, GBR: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 37–45.6 Y","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moscow-Havana Relations. Continuities of the Past in an Asymmetric Triangle","authors":"Mervyn J. Bain","doi":"10.1080/07075332.2023.2259921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2023.2259921","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Moscow-Havana relations from the Russian Revolution in November 1917 to the present to inform debates on (1) continuities from history impacting contemporary Russian foreign policy; (2) the assumption that before the Cuban Revolution of 1959 Moscow suffered from ‘geographical fatalism’ concerning Latin America; (3) contemporary Moscow-Havana relations; and (4) asymmetrical triangles in international relations. A rigorous historical qualitative analysis of primary and secondary sources is used to examine the periods November 1917–January 1959, 1959–1991, and 1992 onwards. Both realism and constructivism are utilised throughout. Acting as a bridge between historical research and the study of international relations this article posits that in each period Moscow and Havana’s individual relationships with Washington were key to Moscow-Havana relations. Continuities from history for the contemporary relationship are to both the November 1917–January 1959 era and the 1959–1991 period. Consequently, since 1917 an asymmetrical triangle comprising Moscow, Havana, and Washington has principally existed. Aiding its originality this article postulates that a ‘stable marriage’ with the most powerful member of an asymmetrical triangle (Washington) being the ‘pariah’ can become the norm. This finding has resonance for global politics and the behaviour of regional superpowers within their respective region.","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}