Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640885
T. Munch-Petersen
PHILIP GILTNER. ‘In the Friendliest Manner’: German-Danish Economic Cooperation during the Nazi Occupation of 1940–1949. New York: Peter Lang, 1998. Pp. xii, 258. $49.95 (US); T. MICHAEL RUDDY, ed. Charting an Independent Course: Finland's Place in the Cold War and in US Foreign Policy. Claremont: Regina Books, 1998. Pp. 223. $32.95 (US), cloth; $14.95 (US), paper; MAX JAKOBSON. Finland in the New Europe. Westport: Praeger, 1998. Pp. xiv, 176. $19.95 (US), paper; TEIJA TIILIKAINEN. Europe and Finland: Defining the Political Identity of Finland in Western Europe. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, 1998. Pp. 185. $68.95 (US). Reviewed by Thomas Munch-Petersen
{"title":"Review Article: Nordic Exceptions in War and Cold War","authors":"T. Munch-Petersen","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640885","url":null,"abstract":"PHILIP GILTNER. ‘In the Friendliest Manner’: German-Danish Economic Cooperation during the Nazi Occupation of 1940–1949. New York: Peter Lang, 1998. Pp. xii, 258. $49.95 (US); T. MICHAEL RUDDY, ed. Charting an Independent Course: Finland's Place in the Cold War and in US Foreign Policy. Claremont: Regina Books, 1998. Pp. 223. $32.95 (US), cloth; $14.95 (US), paper; MAX JAKOBSON. Finland in the New Europe. Westport: Praeger, 1998. Pp. xiv, 176. $19.95 (US), paper; TEIJA TIILIKAINEN. Europe and Finland: Defining the Political Identity of Finland in Western Europe. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, 1998. Pp. 185. $68.95 (US). Reviewed by Thomas Munch-Petersen","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59987057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640886
D. Hoerder
MATHIAS BEER, MARTIN KINTZINGER, and MARITA KRAUSS, eds. Migration und Integration: Aufnahme und Eingliederung im historischen Wandel. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997. Pp. 167. DM 64.00; ANDREAS GESTRICH and MARITA KRAUSS, eds. Migration und Grenze. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998. Pp. 166. DM 68.00; STEVE HOCHSTADT. Mobility and Modernity: Migration in Germany, 1820–1989. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. Pp. xx, 331. $52.50 (US); JAMES H.JACKSON, JR. Migration and Urbanization in the Ruhr Valley, 1821-1914. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press, 1997. Pp. xix, 452. $85.00 (US); KLAUS J. BADE and MYRON WEINER, eds. Migration Past, Migration Future: Germany and the United States. Providence: Berghahn, 1997. Pp. xvii, 158. $29.95 (US); RAINER MUNZ and MYRON WEINER, eds. Migrants, Refugees, and Foreign Policy: US and German Policies toward Countries of Origin. Providence: Berghahn, 1997. Pp. xvi, 368. $59.95 (US); KAY HAILBRONNER, DAVID A. MARTIN, and HIROSHI MOTOMURA, eds. Immigrati...
{"title":"Review Article: Migration in Germany","authors":"D. Hoerder","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640886","url":null,"abstract":"MATHIAS BEER, MARTIN KINTZINGER, and MARITA KRAUSS, eds. Migration und Integration: Aufnahme und Eingliederung im historischen Wandel. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997. Pp. 167. DM 64.00; ANDREAS GESTRICH and MARITA KRAUSS, eds. Migration und Grenze. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998. Pp. 166. DM 68.00; STEVE HOCHSTADT. Mobility and Modernity: Migration in Germany, 1820–1989. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. Pp. xx, 331. $52.50 (US); JAMES H.JACKSON, JR. Migration and Urbanization in the Ruhr Valley, 1821-1914. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press, 1997. Pp. xix, 452. $85.00 (US); KLAUS J. BADE and MYRON WEINER, eds. Migration Past, Migration Future: Germany and the United States. Providence: Berghahn, 1997. Pp. xvii, 158. $29.95 (US); RAINER MUNZ and MYRON WEINER, eds. Migrants, Refugees, and Foreign Policy: US and German Policies toward Countries of Origin. Providence: Berghahn, 1997. Pp. xvi, 368. $59.95 (US); KAY HAILBRONNER, DAVID A. MARTIN, and HIROSHI MOTOMURA, eds. Immigrati...","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59987145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty","authors":"Derek Croxton","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640869","url":null,"abstract":"(1999). The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty. The International History Review: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 569-591.","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59986042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640870
J. Rosenberg
the morning of 4 December 1918, thousands gathered on the Manhattan waterfront to watch the president of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, set sail for France and the peace conference at Paris. Five destroyers escorted Wilson's ship, the George Washington, out of the harbour to the open sea. Standing on the ship's bridge, the president waved and tipped his hat in response to the tribute paid by the adoring crowd. Aboard the ship were scores of advisers who, with Wilson, hoped to transform the practice of international relations and improve the lives of people everywhere. With the First World War over, the mood was festive and expectant. The United States was triumphant and its president was off to Europe to reconstruct the world. Little more than four months after Woodrow Wilson sailed for Europe, in April 1919, William Monroe Trotter followed him. Trotter was already a legend among AfricanAmericans, owing to actions as a race reformer which included highly publicized confrontations with Booker T. Washington and Wilson himself.1 Chairman of the National Equal Rights League, a black-run civil rights organization, and editor of the Boston Guardian, Trotter believed the peace conference, with its talk of democracy and selfdetermination, would provide a stage from which to tell the world about the plight of blacks in the United States. When the state department refused Trotter a passport, he obtained in disguise a seaman's passport and took a job on a freighter bound for Le Havre, where he jumped ship. In Paris, for several weeks he bombarded the French and foreign press, and delegates to the conference including Wilson and his aide Colonel Edward House with letters and memoranda
1918年12月4日早晨，成千上万的人聚集在曼哈顿的海滨，观看美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊启程前往法国，参加在巴黎举行的和平会议。五艘驱逐舰护送威尔逊的军舰乔治·华盛顿号驶出港口，驶向公海。站在舰桥上，总统向仰慕的人群挥手致意，并向他们脱帽致敬。船上有许多顾问，他们和威尔逊一起希望改变国际关系的做法，改善世界各地人民的生活。随着第一次世界大战的结束，人们的心情充满了欢乐和期待。美国取得了胜利，其总统前往欧洲重建世界。1919年4月，伍德罗·威尔逊启程前往欧洲四个多月后，威廉·门罗·特罗特紧随其后。由于作为一名种族改革家的行动，包括与布克·t·华盛顿和威尔逊本人的高度公开的对抗，特罗特在非裔美国人中已经是一个传奇人物特罗特是黑人领导的民权组织“全国平等权利联盟”(National Equal Rights League)的主席，也是《波士顿卫报》(Boston Guardian)的编辑。他相信，这次和平会议将为他提供一个舞台，向全世界讲述美国黑人的困境。当美国国务院拒绝给特罗特发护照时，他伪装成海员，在一艘开往勒阿弗尔的货船上找到了一份工作，并在那里跳船。在巴黎的几个星期里，他向法国和外国媒体以及包括威尔逊和他的助手爱德华·豪斯上校在内的与会代表发送信件和备忘录
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Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640872
Peter L. Hahn
city of Jerusalem evokes powerful feelings and provokes stormy political debate. For Jews, the capital of ancient Israel remained a religious and cultural beacon for centuries and, after the state of Israel was created in 1948, control of the city became one of its most important goals. 'Paratroopers! Conquerors of Jerusalem!', Lieutenant General Mordechai Gur addressed victorious Israeli soldiers on the
{"title":"Alignment by Coincidence: Israel, the United States, and the Partition of Jerusalem, 1949–1953","authors":"Peter L. Hahn","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640872","url":null,"abstract":"city of Jerusalem evokes powerful feelings and provokes stormy political debate. For Jews, the capital of ancient Israel remained a religious and cultural beacon for centuries and, after the state of Israel was created in 1948, control of the city became one of its most important goals. 'Paratroopers! Conquerors of Jerusalem!', Lieutenant General Mordechai Gur addressed victorious Israeli soldiers on the","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59985933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640871
T. Biddle
{"title":"Bombing by the Square Yard: Sir Arthur Harris at War, 1942–1945","authors":"T. Biddle","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59986264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640874
Michael A. Barnhart
STEPHEN S. LARGE. Emperor Hirohito and Shāwa Japan: A Political Biography. London and New York: Roudedge, 1997. Pp. xii, 249. $18.95 (US); paper; PETER WETZLER. Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998. Pp. xi, 294. $38.00 (US); EDWARD J. DREA. In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. Pp. xvii, 299. $45.00 (US); ROBERT B. EDGERTON. Warriors of the Rising Sun: A History of the Japanese Military. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Pp. 384. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael A. Barnhart
{"title":"Review Article: Hirohito and His Army","authors":"Michael A. Barnhart","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640874","url":null,"abstract":"STEPHEN S. LARGE. Emperor Hirohito and Shāwa Japan: A Political Biography. London and New York: Roudedge, 1997. Pp. xii, 249. $18.95 (US); paper; PETER WETZLER. Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998. Pp. xi, 294. $38.00 (US); EDWARD J. DREA. In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. Pp. xvii, 299. $45.00 (US); ROBERT B. EDGERTON. Warriors of the Rising Sun: A History of the Japanese Military. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Pp. 384. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael A. Barnhart","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59986142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640865
R. Johnson
assistant secretary of state for interAmerican affairs in John F. Kennedy's administration, Edwin Martin, testified on 3 October 1963 before a closed session of the senate's Foreign Relations Committee to defend the administration's handling of a military coup in the Dominican Republic. While the administration privately conceded the coup to be a grave setback, committee Republicans generally supported the restrained welcome given to the military regime which had replaced Juan Bosch's democratically elected government, whereas most committee Democrats were sharply critical. Wayne Morse (D-Oregon) attributed the disagreement to Kennedy's failure elsewhere in the Americas to promote 'constitutionalism' with enough vigour.1 Morse's testiness was more remarkable given that, three years earlier, both the executive and legislative branches had thought generous economic aid combined with rhetorical support for democracy the best way to wage the cold war in Latin America. But they soon parted company. Support for the Alliance for Progress waned not only because the administration rarely achieved its stated goals in Latin America; it also fell victim to ideological differences between the president and various senate factions which coloured other disputes over how much freedom of action the executive branch should be allowed in its conduct of foreign affairs. In this sense, the fate of the Alliance illustrates not only the difficulty of promoting democracy during the cold war, but also how differently the executive and legislative branches approach foreign affairs. Latin America provides some of the earliest evidence of the emergence of an empowered congressional perspective on US foreign policy, fuelled by the reaction against executive power caused by the war in Vietnam.
{"title":"Constitutionalism Abroad and At Home: The United States Senate and the Alliance for Progress, 1961–1967","authors":"R. Johnson","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640865","url":null,"abstract":"assistant secretary of state for interAmerican affairs in John F. Kennedy's administration, Edwin Martin, testified on 3 October 1963 before a closed session of the senate's Foreign Relations Committee to defend the administration's handling of a military coup in the Dominican Republic. While the administration privately conceded the coup to be a grave setback, committee Republicans generally supported the restrained welcome given to the military regime which had replaced Juan Bosch's democratically elected government, whereas most committee Democrats were sharply critical. Wayne Morse (D-Oregon) attributed the disagreement to Kennedy's failure elsewhere in the Americas to promote 'constitutionalism' with enough vigour.1 Morse's testiness was more remarkable given that, three years earlier, both the executive and legislative branches had thought generous economic aid combined with rhetorical support for democracy the best way to wage the cold war in Latin America. But they soon parted company. Support for the Alliance for Progress waned not only because the administration rarely achieved its stated goals in Latin America; it also fell victim to ideological differences between the president and various senate factions which coloured other disputes over how much freedom of action the executive branch should be allowed in its conduct of foreign affairs. In this sense, the fate of the Alliance illustrates not only the difficulty of promoting democracy during the cold war, but also how differently the executive and legislative branches approach foreign affairs. Latin America provides some of the earliest evidence of the emergence of an empowered congressional perspective on US foreign policy, fuelled by the reaction against executive power caused by the war in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59985482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-01DOI: 10.1080/07075332.1999.9640860
D. Ryan
{"title":"Colonialism and Hegemony in Latin America: An Introduction","authors":"D. Ryan","doi":"10.1080/07075332.1999.9640860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46534,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59985659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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