Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2121117
Marek Naczyk, Cornel Ban
ABSTRACT Why have Russia and Cuba developed and produced vaccines against COVID-19 while Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that are members of the European Union have only played a marginal role in the global supply of such vaccines? We argue that the answer is to be found in the capacity of Russia’s national security state and entrepreneurs to mobilise historic Soviet advantages as part of a broader security motivated statecraft. CEE countries lacked this legacy and this drive. Similarly, they failed to massively invest – as for example, Cuba has – into potential synergies between public health systems and biotech firms.
{"title":"The Sputnik V moment: biotech, biowarfare and COVID-19 vaccine development in Russia and in former Soviet satellite states","authors":"Marek Naczyk, Cornel Ban","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2121117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2121117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Why have Russia and Cuba developed and produced vaccines against COVID-19 while Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that are members of the European Union have only played a marginal role in the global supply of such vaccines? We argue that the answer is to be found in the capacity of Russia’s national security state and entrepreneurs to mobilise historic Soviet advantages as part of a broader security motivated statecraft. CEE countries lacked this legacy and this drive. Similarly, they failed to massively invest – as for example, Cuba has – into potential synergies between public health systems and biotech firms.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"10 1","pages":"571 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74413838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2122043
Ljubinka Andonoska
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between local elections and local government budgets. Using dataset of all Macedonian municipalities for the period 2007-2015, this study examines whether the overall spending and the composition of local government expenditures are systematically manipulated just before elections. The results show that spending during the pre-election period shifts toward more desirable categories such as permanent and temporary employment, capital projects, and individual transfers and subsidies. Very few studies relate pre-electoral fiscal manipulation to clientelistic linkages. This paper fills the void by adding empirical evidence from a transitional democracy.
{"title":"Pre-electoral fiscal policies and opportunistic spending: the case of the recently decentralised Macedonian local governments","authors":"Ljubinka Andonoska","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2122043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2122043","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between local elections and local government budgets. Using dataset of all Macedonian municipalities for the period 2007-2015, this study examines whether the overall spending and the composition of local government expenditures are systematically manipulated just before elections. The results show that spending during the pre-election period shifts toward more desirable categories such as permanent and temporary employment, capital projects, and individual transfers and subsidies. Very few studies relate pre-electoral fiscal manipulation to clientelistic linkages. This paper fills the void by adding empirical evidence from a transitional democracy.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"13 1","pages":"369 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72943280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2122045
Veronica Anghel, Erik Jones
ABSTRACT This paper explores how democracies handle the trade-off between public safety and fundamental democratic principles. We show that an exogenous shock, like the pandemic, creates incentives for governing elites to deploy self-empowering mechanisms to avoid institutional checks and balances – with lasting consequences for democratic performance. We examine this prospect in Italy and Romania. These cases have a long history of institutional gridlock; such history reinforces incentives to work around traditional institutions in responding to the pandemic. While the two cases vary in terms of the quality and resilience of their democratic institutions, we find that elites displayed a similar propensity to overlook the intricate institutional balances during a moment of crisis. In Italy, the executive strengthened its power relative to the legislature; in Romania, the strengthening is relative to the judiciary. This finding has implications in assessing the risk for falling standards of liberal democracy across the European Union.
{"title":"Riders on the storm: the politics of disruption in European member states during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Veronica Anghel, Erik Jones","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2122045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2122045","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores how democracies handle the trade-off between public safety and fundamental democratic principles. We show that an exogenous shock, like the pandemic, creates incentives for governing elites to deploy self-empowering mechanisms to avoid institutional checks and balances – with lasting consequences for democratic performance. We examine this prospect in Italy and Romania. These cases have a long history of institutional gridlock; such history reinforces incentives to work around traditional institutions in responding to the pandemic. While the two cases vary in terms of the quality and resilience of their democratic institutions, we find that elites displayed a similar propensity to overlook the intricate institutional balances during a moment of crisis. In Italy, the executive strengthened its power relative to the legislature; in Romania, the strengthening is relative to the judiciary. This finding has implications in assessing the risk for falling standards of liberal democracy across the European Union.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"8 1","pages":"551 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84130832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2122046
Alen Toplišek, Nils Oellerich, J. P. Simons, Edgars Eihmanis
ABSTRACT What factors influence governments' social policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis in East-Central Europe? We attempt to answer this question by analysing the social policy responses to the pandemic across three distinct institutional varieties and welfare states: Estonia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Drawing on extensive analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, we argue that the constraints on government agency posed by previous, posttransition patterns of social policymaking and their underlying core institutional legacies have a distinct influence on governments' distributive choices. Governments' partisan interests are reflected in some of the enacted measures, albeit in less consolidated parts of welfare state structures.
{"title":"Path dependency and partisan interests: explaining COVID-19 social support programmes in East-Central Europe","authors":"Alen Toplišek, Nils Oellerich, J. P. Simons, Edgars Eihmanis","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2122046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2122046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What factors influence governments' social policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis in East-Central Europe? We attempt to answer this question by analysing the social policy responses to the pandemic across three distinct institutional varieties and welfare states: Estonia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Drawing on extensive analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, we argue that the constraints on government agency posed by previous, posttransition patterns of social policymaking and their underlying core institutional legacies have a distinct influence on governments' distributive choices. Governments' partisan interests are reflected in some of the enacted measures, albeit in less consolidated parts of welfare state structures.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"40 1","pages":"641 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80399990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2122044
Dorothee Bohle, Gergő Medve-Bálint, V. Šćepanović, Alen Toplišek
ABSTRACT The extraordinary context of the COVID-19 crisis gave governments around the world a freer hand to reshape their socio-economic orders. Political economists studying East Central Europe have started a debate in how far democratic backsliding in the region has ushered in a more authoritarian form of capitalism. Our paper examines responses to COVID-19 of four anti-liberal governments in the region: Hungary, Poland, Serbia, and Slovenia. Incorporating multiple case studies, it assesses the degree to which growing centralisation of political power has entrenched different mechanisms of authoritarian capitalism, as well as the limits to their use in different national contexts.
{"title":"Riding the Covid waves: authoritarian socio-economic responses of east central Europe’s anti-liberal governments","authors":"Dorothee Bohle, Gergő Medve-Bálint, V. Šćepanović, Alen Toplišek","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2122044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2122044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extraordinary context of the COVID-19 crisis gave governments around the world a freer hand to reshape their socio-economic orders. Political economists studying East Central Europe have started a debate in how far democratic backsliding in the region has ushered in a more authoritarian form of capitalism. Our paper examines responses to COVID-19 of four anti-liberal governments in the region: Hungary, Poland, Serbia, and Slovenia. Incorporating multiple case studies, it assesses the degree to which growing centralisation of political power has entrenched different mechanisms of authoritarian capitalism, as well as the limits to their use in different national contexts.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"46 1","pages":"662 - 686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75234311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2122047
P. Guasti, J. Bílek
ABSTRACT We take the demand-side perspective of Sputnik V, trying to answer why facing vaccine scarcity, some countries opt for Sputnik V, and others do not. To show how the pandemic tests the institutional safeguards and soft guardrails of liberal democracy, we compiled a unique dataset and combined statistical analysis and case studies. While our quantitative analysis shows that the illiberalism of the party in power is the main explanatory factor in the import of Sputnik V, our qualitative case studies illustrate under what conditions institutional guardrails withstand the pressure of populist and illiberal leaders.
{"title":"The demand side of vaccine politics and pandemic illiberalism","authors":"P. Guasti, J. Bílek","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2122047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2122047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We take the demand-side perspective of Sputnik V, trying to answer why facing vaccine scarcity, some countries opt for Sputnik V, and others do not. To show how the pandemic tests the institutional safeguards and soft guardrails of liberal democracy, we compiled a unique dataset and combined statistical analysis and case studies. While our quantitative analysis shows that the illiberalism of the party in power is the main explanatory factor in the import of Sputnik V, our qualitative case studies illustrate under what conditions institutional guardrails withstand the pressure of populist and illiberal leaders.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"202 1","pages":"594 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73186075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2120474
Igor Vidačak
ABSTRACT The relationship between interest groups and national governments in shaping the decision-making in the Council of the EU is still largely unobserved. By focusing on the case study of Croatia, this article contests the general assumptions of liberal intergovernmentalism about the process and character of national preference formation and demonstrates that economic and societal interests do not have primacy in influencing a national government’s positions in the Council. It is argued that the legacy of a country’s EU accession process, coupled with weak oversight and accountability mechanisms, are among the most important factors in explaining the government's non-inclusive management of EU affairs.
{"title":"The role of organised interests in shaping Croatia's negotiating positions in the Council of the EU","authors":"Igor Vidačak","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2120474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2120474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The relationship between interest groups and national governments in shaping the decision-making in the Council of the EU is still largely unobserved. By focusing on the case study of Croatia, this article contests the general assumptions of liberal intergovernmentalism about the process and character of national preference formation and demonstrates that economic and societal interests do not have primacy in influencing a national government’s positions in the Council. It is argued that the legacy of a country’s EU accession process, coupled with weak oversight and accountability mechanisms, are among the most important factors in explaining the government's non-inclusive management of EU affairs.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"35 1","pages":"345 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76649223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2102608
P. Pospieszna, Patrick L. Lown, Simone Dietrich
ABSTRACT This study examines democracy promotion efforts that target young people in post-Soviet countries. Specifically we assess the effectiveness of a civic education programme in Poland in improving attitudes toward democracy and self-perceptions of political efficacy. The analysis of quasi-experimental data reveals that young citizens from post-Soviet states (Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine) were more likely to show greater support of democratic institutions, hold democratic attitudes, and perceive themselves as having political efficacy. However, we interpret the results with caution as changes in the attitudes were not substantial. This may be attributed to the fact that democracy education programmes attract already politically and socially active young people.
{"title":"Building active youth in post-Soviet countries through civic education programmes: evidence from Poland","authors":"P. Pospieszna, Patrick L. Lown, Simone Dietrich","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2102608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2102608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines democracy promotion efforts that target young people in post-Soviet countries. Specifically we assess the effectiveness of a civic education programme in Poland in improving attitudes toward democracy and self-perceptions of political efficacy. The analysis of quasi-experimental data reveals that young citizens from post-Soviet states (Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine) were more likely to show greater support of democratic institutions, hold democratic attitudes, and perceive themselves as having political efficacy. However, we interpret the results with caution as changes in the attitudes were not substantial. This may be attributed to the fact that democracy education programmes attract already politically and socially active young people.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"28 1","pages":"321 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73947382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2100767
Igor Guardiancich
{"title":"Taking stock of shock: social consequences of the 1989 revolutions","authors":"Igor Guardiancich","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2100767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2100767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"52 1","pages":"574 - 575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77601347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2022.2092842
Yulia Kuzmina
ABSTRACT Between August 2018 and January 2021, the Shiyes railway station in the Arkhangelsk region of Russia became the site of numerous protests against the construction of a landfill. At the core of the mobilisation was a protest camp near the construction site, where activists confronted the police and security guards. Through an analysis of self-made online narratives on the protest camp, this paper explores the framing strategies of the camp's daily routine and significant events. Paper demonstrates the incorporation of traditionalism as an ideological resource in the narratives on gender, spirituality, militarism, geographic identity, and postcolonialism.
{"title":"“The Defenders of Shiyes”: traditionalism as a mobilisation resource in a Russian protest camp","authors":"Yulia Kuzmina","doi":"10.1080/21599165.2022.2092842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2092842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Between August 2018 and January 2021, the Shiyes railway station in the Arkhangelsk region of Russia became the site of numerous protests against the construction of a landfill. At the core of the mobilisation was a protest camp near the construction site, where activists confronted the police and security guards. Through an analysis of self-made online narratives on the protest camp, this paper explores the framing strategies of the camp's daily routine and significant events. Paper demonstrates the incorporation of traditionalism as an ideological resource in the narratives on gender, spirituality, militarism, geographic identity, and postcolonialism.","PeriodicalId":46570,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics","volume":"10 1","pages":"260 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89594218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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