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Journal of Labor Research最新文献

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The Labor Market Consequences of Regulating Similar Occupations: the Licensing of Occupational and Physical Therapists 调节类似职业的劳动力市场后果:职业和物理治疗师的许可
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09309-0
Jing Cai, Morris M. Kleiner

This study examines the influence of occupational licensing on two significant occupations that provide similar health care services: occupational therapists and physical therapists. Since many of the tasks that these occupations overlap, individuals in both occupations can have legal jurisdiction over these tasks. We examine how these two occupations interact with one another in the labor market on wage determination and employment. Unlike previous analyses of occupational licensing, our study evaluates two professions that are female dominated both within the vocations, and among its leadership. Our results show that the ability of physical therapists to have direct access to patients is associated with a reduction in hourly earnings for occupational therapists, suggesting there is substitution for certain overlapping service tasks across the two occupations. The ability of these two occupations to be mainly substitutes for one another provides new evidence on how the growing numbers of regulated occupations that provide similar tasks influence one another.

本研究考察了职业许可对提供类似医疗保健服务的两个重要职业的影响:职业治疗师和物理治疗师。由于这些职业的许多任务是重叠的，因此两个职业的个人都可以对这些任务拥有法律管辖权。我们研究了这两种职业在劳动力市场上如何在工资决定和就业方面相互作用。与之前对职业许可的分析不同，我们的研究评估了两种职业，这两种职业都是女性主导的，无论是在职业中还是在领导层中。我们的研究结果表明，物理治疗师直接接触病人的能力与职业治疗师时薪的减少有关，这表明这两个职业之间存在某些重叠服务任务的替代。这两种职业主要是相互替代的能力，为越来越多提供类似任务的受监管职业如何相互影响提供了新的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Occupational Licensing on Wages and Wage Inequality: Canadian Evidence 1998–2018 职业许可证对工资和工资不平等的影响：1998–2018年加拿大证据
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09310-7
Tingting Zhang, M. Gunderson
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引用次数: 7
Gender Gaps in Time Use and Labor Market Outcomes: What’s Norms Got to Do with it? 时间使用和劳动力市场结果的性别差距:规范与之有何关系?
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09306-3
Nan L. Maxwell, Nathan Wozny
Although economists typically use efficiency gains to explain gender differences in time use and earnings, norms might also explain those differences. No study has attempted to quantify their relative influence, however. We use the American Community Survey and the American Time Use Survey to estimate an upper bound of the influence of efficiency gains relative to norms—broadly defined—using four groups of demographically matched individuals with relatively homogeneous within-group need for production. Results suggest that norms about work and home may explain 40% of the gap in time allocation for work and household production and about 60% of the wage gap. Norms about parenting may explain an additional 16 to 20% of the time use gaps and 25% of the wage gap. These findings suggest that research and policy might benefit from a grounding in a broad framework that includes both norms and efficiency gains.
尽管经济学家通常用效率增益来解释时间使用和收入方面的性别差异，但规范也可能解释这些差异。然而，没有研究试图量化它们的相对影响。我们使用美国社区调查和美国时间使用调查来估计相对于规范(广义定义)的效率增益影响的上限，使用四组人口统计学匹配的个体，组内生产需求相对均匀。结果表明，关于工作和家庭的规范可以解释40%的工作和家庭生产的时间分配差距，以及大约60%的工资差距。另外，育儿规范可能解释了16%至20%的时间使用差距和25%的工资差距。这些发现表明，研究和政策可能受益于一个既包括规范又包括效率提高的广泛框架。
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引用次数: 0
For Love and Money? Earnings and Marriage Among Same-Sex Couples 为了爱情和金钱?同性伴侣的收入和婚姻
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09305-4
Michael E. Martell, Peyton Nash
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引用次数: 6
The Effect of Immigration on Labor Market Transitions of Native-Born Unemployed in the United States 移民对美国本土失业者劳动力市场转型的影响
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09304-5
F. Ríos‐Avila, G. Canavire-Bacarreza
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引用次数: 2
Does Scope of Practice Affect Mobility of Nurse Practitioners Serving Medicare Beneficiaries? 执业范围是否影响为医疗保险受益人服务的执业护士的流动性?
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09308-1
Shishir Shakya, Alicia Plemmons
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引用次数: 10
How Long Do Early Career Decisions Follow Women? The Impact of Employer History on the Gender Wage Gap 女性的早期职业决策需要多长时间？雇主历史对性别工资差距的影响
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09300-9
H. Monti, M. Stinson, Lori Zehr
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引用次数: 3
On the Sensitivity of Wage Gap Decompositions 论工资差距分解的敏感性
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09302-7
M. Huber, Anna Solovyeva
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Industry-Level Aggregate Demand on Earnings: Evidence from the US 产业总需求对收益的影响:来自美国的证据
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-04-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09299-z
W. D. McCausland, F. Summerfield, I. Theodossiou
Economic theory suggests that workers’ pay is mainly determined by their marginal product and that industry wage differentials may result either from the structure of the industry (demand type factors) or human capital characteristics of the employed labour force (supply type factors). This study uses a major data set from the US that allows the investigation of the effects of these demand and supply type factors on average earnings across industries. Importantly, this paper shows that aggregate demand relevant to the particular industry has a strong positive effect on the industry’s average earnings in addition to the previously established results regarding the significance of the effects of worker and firm characteristics. Consequently, labour market policies crafted without due consideration of macroeconomic demand may be ineffective as a solution to the proliferation of low pay employment.
经济理论认为，工人的工资主要由他们的边际产品决定，行业工资差异可能是由行业结构(需求型因素)或就业劳动力的人力资本特征(供给型因素)造成的。本研究使用了来自美国的主要数据集，可以调查这些需求和供应类型因素对各行业平均收入的影响。重要的是，本文表明，除了先前建立的关于工人和企业特征影响的重要性的结果之外，与特定行业相关的总需求对行业的平均收入有很强的积极影响。因此，在没有适当考虑宏观经济需求的情况下制定的劳动力市场政策作为解决低薪就业泛滥的办法可能是无效的。
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引用次数: 2
Work-Life Balance and Labor Force Attachment at Older Ages 工作-生活平衡与老年劳动力依恋
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting
Journal of Labor Research
Pub Date : 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09301-8
M. Angrisani, M. Casanova, Erik Meijer
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引用次数: 8
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