Pub Date : 2020-01-01Epub Date: 2020-12-15DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09312-5
Jeounghee Kim
Occupational training and credentialing requirements for direct care workers were in place for consumers' health and safety, but their effects on job qualities and labor shortages in the direct care industry have been controversial. Using a nationally representative sample of psychiatric, nursing, and home health aides, a series of Average Treatment Effect models were analyzed to examine the effects of occupational credentials on various measures of job qualities. The findings revealed that credential-holding was related to higher annual earnings and increased probability of working full-time, year-round, and having access to employer-provided health insurance and retirement savings plans. The positive effects, however, were modest in size and suggested that, given the current wage and benefit levels for direct care workers, training and credential requirements cannot be the key to resolving job quality and labor shortage issues in the direct care industry. Implications of these findings and alternative ways to address the issues were discussed.
{"title":"Occupational Credentials and Job Qualities of Direct Care Workers: Implications for Labor Shortages.","authors":"Jeounghee Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12122-020-09312-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-020-09312-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational training and credentialing requirements for direct care workers were in place for consumers' health and safety, but their effects on job qualities and labor shortages in the direct care industry have been controversial. Using a nationally representative sample of psychiatric, nursing, and home health aides, a series of Average Treatment Effect models were analyzed to examine the effects of occupational credentials on various measures of job qualities. The findings revealed that credential-holding was related to higher annual earnings and increased probability of working full-time, year-round, and having access to employer-provided health insurance and retirement savings plans. The positive effects, however, were modest in size and suggested that, given the current wage and benefit levels for direct care workers, training and credential requirements cannot be the key to resolving job quality and labor shortage issues in the direct care industry. Implications of these findings and alternative ways to address the issues were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"41 4","pages":"403-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12122-020-09312-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38732546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-05DOI: 10.1007/s12122-019-09294-z
Jisheng Yang, Di Ai
{"title":"Effect of the Big Five Personality Traits on Entrepreneurial Probability: Influence of China’s Household Registration System","authors":"Jisheng Yang, Di Ai","doi":"10.1007/s12122-019-09294-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-019-09294-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"487 - 503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12122-019-09294-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52875742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-23DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09303-6
M. Strawczynski
{"title":"Optimal EITC in the Presence of Cultural Barriers for Labor Market Participation","authors":"M. Strawczynski","doi":"10.1007/s12122-020-09303-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-020-09303-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"233 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12122-020-09303-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44399496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-03DOI: 10.1007/s12122-019-09292-1
Derek Messacar, P. Kocourek
{"title":"Pathways to Retirement, Well-Being, and Mandatory Retirement Rules: Evidence from Canadian Reforms","authors":"Derek Messacar, P. Kocourek","doi":"10.1007/s12122-019-09292-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-019-09292-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"249 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12122-019-09292-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42505353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.1007/s12122-019-09291-2
Vera A. Adamchik, T. Hyclak, P. Sedlak, L. W. Taylor
{"title":"Wage Returns to English Proficiency in Poland","authors":"Vera A. Adamchik, T. Hyclak, P. Sedlak, L. W. Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s12122-019-09291-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-019-09291-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"276 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12122-019-09291-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-05DOI: 10.1007/s12122-019-09290-3
Jacob Nielsen Arendt, Christophe Kolodziejczyk
This study uses a regression discontinuity design to estimate effects of an employment bonus program for long-term unemployed social assistance recipients. The program pays benefit bonuses to persons in the target group for any hours they work in regular employment or subsidized employment schemes. The program pays up to 6 % of post-tax earnings if they enter regular or subsidized employment over a specific two-year period. Our results show that the program has no effects on employment rates, earnings or participation in subsidized employment. The null findings are robust when using RD estimates based on different bandwidths and different window widths around the eligibility threshold and hold for given gender, age, ethnicity and parental status.
{"title":"The Effects of an Employment Bonus for Long-Term Social Assistance Recipients","authors":"Jacob Nielsen Arendt, Christophe Kolodziejczyk","doi":"10.1007/s12122-019-09290-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-019-09290-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses a regression discontinuity design to estimate effects of an employment bonus program for long-term unemployed social assistance recipients. The program pays benefit bonuses to persons in the target group for any hours they work in regular employment or subsidized employment schemes. The program pays up to 6 % of post-tax earnings if they enter regular or subsidized employment over a specific two-year period. Our results show that the program has no effects on employment rates, earnings or participation in subsidized employment. The null findings are robust when using RD estimates based on different bandwidths and different window widths around the eligibility threshold and hold for given gender, age, ethnicity and parental status.","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"103 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s12122-019-09289-w
Fabio Méndez, Facundo Sepúlveda
We collect data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and create comparable measures of monopsonistic power for up to 46 occupational labor markets in the USA, starting in 1979 and ending in 2000. Our results suggest most occupational labor markets during that period were characterized by substantial amounts of monopsonistic, wage-setting power. Furthermore, after controlling for individual, time, and industry fixed effects, our results show a negative and significant correlation between the extent of monopsony power that characterizes a market and both, the wages and fringe benefits received by workers.
{"title":"Monopsony Power in Occupational Labor Markets","authors":"Fabio Méndez, Facundo Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1007/s12122-019-09289-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-019-09289-w","url":null,"abstract":"We collect data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and create comparable measures of monopsonistic power for up to 46 occupational labor markets in the USA, starting in 1979 and ending in 2000. Our results suggest most occupational labor markets during that period were characterized by substantial amounts of monopsonistic, wage-setting power. Furthermore, after controlling for individual, time, and industry fixed effects, our results show a negative and significant correlation between the extent of monopsony power that characterizes a market and both, the wages and fringe benefits received by workers.","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"106 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s12122-019-09285-0
Seamus McGuinness, Philip J. O’Connell, Elish Kelly
This paper uses a high quality administrative longitudinal dataset to assess the impact of an active labour market intervention consisting of referral for interview plus job search assistance with the public employment service in the Republic of Ireland. During the period of the interventions, both job search monitoring and sanctions were virtually non-existent in the country. We found that, relative to a control group that received no public employment service assistance, unemployed individuals that received the interview letter and participated in job search assistance were 11.2 percentage points less likely to have exited to employment prior to 12 months. This result holds when tested against the influences of both sample selection and unobserved heterogeneity bias. The negative treatment impact is attributed to individuals lowering their job search intensity on learning through the activation interview of the lax nature of the activation process in Ireland at that time. The research finds job search assistance being less effective unless combined with other key aspects of the activation process, such as regular job search monitoring and sanctions for non-compliance.
{"title":"Carrots, No Stick, No Driver: The Employment Impact of Job Search Assistance in a Regime with Minimal Monitoring and Sanctions","authors":"Seamus McGuinness, Philip J. O’Connell, Elish Kelly","doi":"10.1007/s12122-019-09285-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-019-09285-0","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses a high quality administrative longitudinal dataset to assess the impact of an active labour market intervention consisting of referral for interview plus job search assistance with the public employment service in the Republic of Ireland. During the period of the interventions, both job search monitoring and sanctions were virtually non-existent in the country. We found that, relative to a control group that received no public employment service assistance, unemployed individuals that received the interview letter and participated in job search assistance were 11.2 percentage points less likely to have exited to employment prior to 12 months. This result holds when tested against the influences of both sample selection and unobserved heterogeneity bias. The negative treatment impact is attributed to individuals lowering their job search intensity on learning through the activation interview of the lax nature of the activation process in Ireland at that time. The research finds job search assistance being less effective unless combined with other key aspects of the activation process, such as regular job search monitoring and sanctions for non-compliance.","PeriodicalId":46592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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