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Closing live video streams: A sequential analysis 关闭实时视频流:序列分析
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100698
Le Song, Christian Licoppe

Research has argued that “ordinary conversation” and its organization are foundational to “institutional” talk (Drew & Heritage, 1992), and that institutional forms can be characterized as constraints on such a sequential organization. Such an argument can be extended to technology-mediated interaction, in which participants may orient jointly to “standard” conversational sequences and the technology’s interactional “affordances” to achieve interactional ends. We discuss here how such an interactional goal (closing a technology-mediated encounter) may be achieved in live video streaming. We argue that while participants can be seen to do that in a way that orients to the organization of closings in ordinary conversation, they do so in a way that is sensitive to the affordances of live video streams. We find that: a) Most of the streams involve closing sequences, thus framing the live stream as a social encounter for which closing is relevant; b) A partial and relaxed orientation to talking heads configuration in live stream closings; c) A four-part closing sequence; d) Two different topic development in closing the live streams—a topic message comes from the audience and some “mentionable noticeables” initiated by the streamer.

研究认为,“普通对话”及其组织是“制度”对话的基础(Drew&;Heritage,1992),制度形式可以被描述为对这种有序组织的约束。这种争论可以扩展到技术中介的互动,在这种互动中,参与者可以共同定位于“标准”对话序列和技术的互动“可供性”,以实现互动目的。我们在这里讨论如何在直播视频流中实现这样的互动目标(结束技术中介的相遇)。我们认为,虽然参与者可以被视为以一种面向普通对话中结束语组织的方式来做这件事,但他们这样做的方式对现场视频流的可供性很敏感。我们发现:a)大多数流都涉及关闭序列,因此将直播流定义为与关闭相关的社交遭遇;b) 在直播结束时,部分轻松地定向于会说话的头部配置;c) 一个由四部分组成的结束序列;d) 在关闭直播流时,有两种不同的话题发展——一种是来自观众的话题信息,另一种是流媒体发起的一些“可提及的注意事项”。
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引用次数: 1
Editorial Introduction: Normativities of languaging from the Global South: The social media discourse 编辑简介:来自全球南方的语言规范:社交媒体话语
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100701
Sender Dovchin, Dariush Izadi
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引用次数: 1
Entextualizing affective meanings: Translingual practices in Cape Verdean music video reception 意涵化情感意义:佛得角音乐录影带接收的翻译实践
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100685
Kimberly S. Hansen, Lyana L. Sun Han Chang, A. Suresh Canagarajah

Multilingual interactions on digital platforms such as YouTube reveal complex translingual practices and negotiation strategies on the part of viewers. Two live performances sung in Cape Verdean Creole (Kriolu) by Mayra Andrade, a Cape Verdean music artist, uploaded to YouTube by different digital media platforms generated these types of interactions. These interactions were analyzed by adopting Wortham and Reyes’ (2015) “discourse analysis beyond the speech event” to reveal the extent to which semiotic resources utilized in the performances, and translingual practices and negotiation strategies utilized by the viewers, brought about uptake of the Cape Verdean Creole lyrics and their meaning, and artist identity. The data revealed that viewers negotiated language related themes and artist and viewer identity in different ways, yet shared similar appreciation for the performances and the artist. Additional concepts, such as phatic communication and nonrepresentational meaning, provide further understanding for viewers’ attitudes towards negotiating meaning and engaging in a digital forum to discuss with others their reactions to and love of the artist’s live performances. The study reveals the diverse semiotic resources adopted by nonlocal audiences to appreciate nonrepresentational meanings to redress the current emphasis on representational meanings and linguistic resources in translingual studies.

YouTube等数字平台上的多语言互动揭示了观众复杂的跨语言实践和谈判策略。佛得角音乐艺术家Mayra Andrade用佛得角克里奥尔语(Kriolu)演唱的两场现场表演由不同的数字媒体平台上传到YouTube上,产生了这些类型的互动。通过采用Wortham和Reyes(2015)的“言语事件之外的话语分析”来分析这些互动,以揭示表演中使用的符号学资源,以及观众使用的跨语言实践和谈判策略,在多大程度上导致了对佛得角克里奥尔语歌词的理解及其意义和艺术家身份。数据显示,观众以不同的方式协商语言相关主题、艺术家和观众身份,但对表演和艺术家有着相似的欣赏。其他概念,如phatic沟通和非再现意义,可以进一步了解观众对协商意义的态度,并参与数字论坛与他人讨论他们对艺术家现场表演的反应和喜爱。本研究揭示了非本地受众为欣赏非表征意义而采用的多种符号资源,以纠正目前跨语言研究中对表征意义和语言资源的重视。
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引用次数: 2
“Date me date me”: AI chatbot interactions as a resource for the online construction of masculinity “约我约我”:人工智能聊天机器人互动作为在线构建男子气概的资源
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100681
Jungyoon Koh

This study examines how interactions with a “female” chatbot are drawn as a resource for the construction of masculine identity in the context of the South Korean web. I analyze three posts shared in an online community where users of Luda Lee, an open-domain AI chatbot, gather to talk about their interactions with her, often to sexually harass her. Drawing on Kiesling's (2011) discussion of alignment in the discursive construction of gender, I examine alignment in users' interactions with and about Luda as reflective of their desire to achieve and be recognized as achieving dominance over women and other men. My analysis demonstrates how Luda, as a friendly female chatbot, becomes a convenient resource for users to draw on in their construction of masculinity. This study contributes to discussions of masculinity in online discourse, as well as to conversations on ethical considerations in AI on the female gendering and harassment of bots.

这项研究考察了在韩国网络环境中,如何将与“女性”聊天机器人的互动作为构建男性身份的资源。我分析了一个在线社区中分享的三条帖子,在这个社区中,开放域人工智能聊天机器人Luda Lee的用户聚集在一起谈论他们与她的互动,经常对她进行性骚扰。根据Kiesling(2011)对性别话语结构中的一致性的讨论,我研究了用户与Luda互动和关于Luda的互动中的一致,认为这反映了他们渴望实现并被公认为实现对女性和其他男性的统治地位。我的分析表明,Luda作为一个友好的女性聊天机器人,如何成为用户在构建男性气质时可以利用的便利资源。这项研究有助于讨论网络话语中的男性气质,以及关于人工智能中女性性别化和机器人骚扰的伦理考虑的对话。
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引用次数: 0
dalawhatyoumust: Kaaps, translingualism and linguistic citizenship in Cape Town, South Africa dalawhatyoumust:南非开普敦的翻译主义和语言公民身份
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100684
Zaib Toyer, Amiena Peck

In 2016 Wayde Van Niekerk, a South African athlete of mixed-race heritage won an Olympic gold medal. In South Africa, his win caused hashtags such as #proudlysouthafrican, #blackexcellence and #colouredexcellence to trend online. By and large, these hashtags index the ongoing competitive discourses regarding nationalism, race and culture in Cape Town (cf. Author, 2018).

Amongst these hashtags, however, was #dalawhatyoumust, a Kaaps hashtag generally meaning to “do what needs to be done”. Unlike the aforementioned hashtags, this one seems to cross the linguistic and racial divide despite its strong associations with Coloured1 people on the Cape Flats. The seemingly effortless uptake of this hashtag by diverse South Africans suggest that it has somehow become unmoored of its ethnic and linguistic inception.

We explore the use of this Kaaps hashtag as a form of translingual practice which is affect-laden and transportable across and between diverse users online and which promotes a particular “cool Capetonian” culture. Analyzing select posts from the #dalawhatyoumust thread on Facebook, we provide a nuanced look at #dalawhatyoumust as an uplifting genre which proleptically advises nameless viewers of the importance of self-actualization, determination and aspiration. Additionally, we include Goffman’s (1974) framing foundation to investigate how positivistic discourse has been rhizomatically taken up by a ‘realm’ of implicit collective users online. This research interrogates long-held ideological boundaries between Kaaps and legitimized Standard Afrikaans and standard English.

We conclude with a focus on Kaaps hashtags as semiotic acts of Linguistic Citizenship (cf. Williams and Stroud, 2013) which allows for the conjoining of Kaaps with diverse audiences, complex trajectories, and an assortment of accompanying semiotics. Following Stroud (2018:3) we argue that this Kaaps hashtag has become a form of languaging that facilitates “…the building of broad affinities of speakers that cut across…divisions and borders, and that negotiate co-existence/co-habitation outside of common ground in recognition of equivocation”. In South Africa, division was the order of the day and when we explore contemporary ordinary moments posted by heterogenous users using #dalawhatyoumust (henceforth #dwym) we aim to explore the ordinariness of languaging which brings people together despite their race, linguistic background, and ethnicity, that is to say an affinity of ‘cool Capetonian’ style.

2016年,南非混血运动员Wayde Van Niekerk获得奥运会金牌。在南非,他的胜利引发了#proudlysouthafrican、#blackexcellence和#coloredexcellence等话题标签在网上流行。总的来说,这些标签索引了开普敦正在进行的关于民族主义、种族和文化的竞争性话语(参见作者,2018)。然而,在这些标签中,有#dalawhatyoumust,一个Kaaps标签,通常意味着“做需要做的事”。与前面提到的标签不同,这个标签似乎跨越了语言和种族的鸿沟,尽管它与开普平原上的有色人种有着强烈的联系。多样化的南非人似乎毫不费力地接受了这个标签,这表明它在某种程度上已经摆脱了种族和语言的束缚。我们探索了将这个Kaaps标签作为一种跨语言实践的使用,这种实践充满了情感,可以在不同的在线用户之间传播,并促进了一种特殊的“酷卡佩顿”文化。通过分析脸书上#dalawhatyoumust帖子中的精选帖子,我们可以细致入微地看到#dalawhasyoumust是一种令人振奋的类型,它向无名观众暗示自我实现、决心和抱负的重要性。此外,我们还包括了Goffman(1974)的框架基金会,以调查实证主义话语是如何被隐含的在线集体用户的“领域”所扎根的。这项研究质疑了Kaaps与合法化的标准南非荷兰语和标准英语之间长期存在的意识形态界限。最后,我们将重点放在Kaaps标签上,将其作为语言公民的符号行为(参见Williams和Stroud,2013),这允许Kaaps结合不同的受众、复杂的轨迹和各种伴随的符号学。继斯特劳德(2018:3)之后,我们认为,这个Kaaps标签已经成为一种语言形式,它促进了“……跨越……分歧和边界,在共同点之外谈判共存/共同居住,以承认模棱两可”。在南非,分裂是一种秩序,当我们使用#dalawhatyoumust(以下简称#dwym)探索异质用户发布的当代普通时刻时,我们的目标是探索语言的平凡性,它将人们聚集在一起,而不考虑他们的种族、语言背景和民族,也就是说,这是一种“酷的卡佩顿人”风格的亲和力。
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引用次数: 1
Enacting polyvocal scorn in #CovidConspiracy tweets: The orchestration of voices in humorous responses to COVID-19 conspiracy theories 在#CovidConspiracy推特上发出多声嘲笑:对COVID-19阴谋论的幽默回应中的声音编排
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100670
Marta Dynel , Michele Zappavigna

Despite the abundance of research into conspiracy theories, including multiple studies of Covid-19 conspiracy theories in particular, user reactions to conspiracy theories are an underexplored area of social media discourse. This study aims to fill this gap by examining a dataset of humorous responses to proliferating COVID-19 conspiracy theories based on a corpus of tweets bearing the pejorative hashtag #CovidConspiracy. We report the complex orchestration of heteroglossic discursive voices in these posts to reveal their rhetorical function, oriented towards expressing a negative stance and, in some cases, amounting to ridicule. The discursive effects of this interplay of voices entail imitation, parody, mockery and irony on the micro level, while on the interactional (macro) level, anti-conspiracy tweets jointly enact what we dub “polyvocal scorn”. It expresses multiple users’ trenchant critique and contempt for conspiracy theories, while the humour of the tweets serves to display the users’ wit and superiority over conspiracy theorists.

尽管对阴谋论进行了大量研究,特别是对新冠肺炎阴谋论的多项研究,但用户对阴谋论的反应是社交媒体话语中一个未被充分探索的领域。这项研究旨在通过检查对新冠肺炎阴谋论激增的幽默反应数据集来填补这一空白,该数据集基于带有贬义标签#CovidConspiracy的推文语料库。我们报道了这些帖子中异义话语声音的复杂编排,以揭示其修辞功能,倾向于表达负面立场,在某些情况下,相当于嘲笑。这种声音相互作用的话语效果在微观层面上包括模仿、戏仿、嘲笑和讽刺,而在互动(宏观)层面上,反阴谋推文共同产生了我们所称的“多焦点蔑视”。它表达了多个用户对阴谋论的尖锐批评和蔑视,而推特的幽默则展示了用户的智慧和对阴谋论者的优越感。
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引用次数: 1
“This is not the place to bother people about BTS”: Pseudo-synchronicity and interaction in timed comments by Hallyu fans on the video streaming platform Viki “这里不是为防弹少年团的事打扰别人的地方”:视频平台Viki上韩流粉丝的伪同步性和定时评论互动
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100686
Miriam A. Locher, Thomas C. Messerli

The community of users on Viki.com, a video streaming platform distributing Asian television to an international audience, use the site to engage with streams of television dramas. Rather than just being passive consumers, viewers interact in a range of different ways, among them the use of Timed Comments (TC). TCs are comments viewers post while viewing dramas. Subsequent viewers can read these comments when streaming the same episode. Users can read and respond to comments by previous viewers as if they were written at the time of watching (similar to Danmaku). Building on our previous work on Viki-TCs, we have framed the community mainly as a harmonious collective engaging with artefacts from a different cultural and linguistic context. In this study, we focus on the creation of pseudo-synchronicity by looking at interactivity between TC writers and in particular on those TCs that construct conflict. Our corpus consists of 320,000 multilingual, but predominantly English comments. We make use of an exhaustively annotated sample of 8,930 comments to extract and formalize patterns of implicit and explicit interaction and locate them in the larger corpus using corpus linguistic methods. Special attention is given to conflictual interaction in connection with plot spoilers, judgments on co-viewers’ analytic and experiential skills and inappropriate language usage, negative comments on actor appearance, commenters using the space for fan interaction outside of the drama-scope and the technical use of the platform. These conflictual interactions often function as negotiations of the platform norms, socialize viewers into how the space works and can thus also be linked to community building. Our study contributes to understanding better how online fan community norms are built and behavior is sanctioned or (implicitly) condoned through interaction. In this way we contribute both to the study of interaction in a context that works online and asynchronously and to the study of online fan communities.

Viki.com是一个向国际观众分发亚洲电视的视频流媒体平台,其用户社区使用该网站参与电视剧流。观众不仅仅是被动的消费者,而是以一系列不同的方式进行互动,其中包括使用定时评论(TC)。TC是观众在观看戏剧时发表的评论。后续观众可以在流媒体播放同一集时阅读这些评论。用户可以阅读和回复以前观众的评论,就好像他们是在观看时写的一样(类似于Danmaku)。在我们之前关于Viki TC的工作的基础上,我们将社区主要定义为一个和谐的集体,参与不同文化和语言背景下的艺术品。在这项研究中,我们通过观察TC作者之间的互动,特别是那些构建冲突的TC,来关注伪同步性的创造。我们的语料库由32万条多语言但主要是英语的评论组成。我们使用8930条评论的详尽注释样本来提取和形式化内隐和外显交互的模式,并使用语料库语言学方法在更大的语料库中定位它们。特别关注与情节剧透有关的冲突互动、对共同观众分析和体验技能的判断以及不当的语言使用、对演员外表的负面评论、评论者在戏剧范围外使用粉丝互动空间以及平台的技术使用。这些冲突的互动通常起到平台规范谈判的作用,将观众带入空间的运作方式,因此也可以与社区建设联系起来。我们的研究有助于更好地理解在线粉丝社区规范是如何建立的,以及行为是如何通过互动得到认可或(隐含)宽恕的。通过这种方式,我们既有助于研究在线和异步环境下的互动,也有助于在线粉丝社区的研究。
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引用次数: 2
The small things of Global South: Exploring the use of social media through translingualism 全球南方的小事:通过跨语言主义探索社交媒体的使用
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100668
Stephanie Dryden , Dariush Izadi

In this paper, we present a research approach that sheds light on how netizens on social media perform and negotiate their multimodal and multisemiotic repertoires embedded within their social media languaging practices. This approach brings multimodal social semiotics into conversation with the normativity of translingualism to problematise the notion of languages as being ‘ordinary’ or ‘mundane’, and to illustrate how translingual netizens deploy their knowledge of the features of different language scripts, modalities and ‘small things’ (e.g., the use of emojis, replies, and comments) to increase and exploit their communicative capacity. In order to explore this claim, drawing upon digital ethnography approaches as our guiding methodology, the study investigates a YouTube post and responding comments from Global South settings. We illustrate that the subtext of their translingual practices is influenced by how they move beyond discourses and ideologies from the Global North. The analysis will consider the nature of communication in the aforementioned online communities from historical and contemporary perspectives, focusing on how our participants exploit local linguistic diversity as a resource and on how they extract a piece of text or discourse from its original context and bring it to a new context (i.e., online) and modify this material so that it fits into the new context. This article, therefore, contributes to the emerging body of work on the normativity of translingualism in communities around the world.

在本文中,我们提出了一种研究方法,揭示了社交媒体上的网民如何在社交媒体语言实践中表现和协商他们的多模式和多语言曲目。这种方法将多模态社会符号学与跨语言主义的规范性相结合,以质疑语言是“普通的”或“平凡的”的概念,并说明跨语言网民如何运用他们对不同语言脚本特征的知识,模式和“小事”(例如,表情符号、回复和评论的使用),以提高和利用他们的沟通能力。为了探索这一说法,本研究以数字民族志方法为指导方法,调查了YouTube上的一篇帖子和来自全球南方环境的回应评论。我们表明,他们跨语言实践的潜台词受到他们如何超越全球北方的话语和意识形态的影响。该分析将从历史和当代的角度考虑上述在线社区中的传播性质,重点关注我们的参与者如何利用当地语言多样性作为资源,以及他们如何从原始语境中提取一段文本或话语,并将其带到新的语境中(即在线),并修改这些材料,使其适应新的语境。因此,这篇文章有助于世界各地社区中关于跨语言主义规范性的新兴工作。
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引用次数: 1
“Everyone has it, everyone uses it”: The emergence of “publicness” through multiplication in dialogical networks “每个人都有,每个人都用”:对话网络中通过乘法产生的“公共性”
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2022.100657
Ron Korenaga , Tom Ogawa

This paper explores news production as “participatory journalism” in which ordinary people directly participate via the Internet. While participatory journalism idealises citizens' and journalists’ co-creation, there are said to be limitations such as loss of quality, which results from the insularism of participants. In this paper, we consider the example of a Japanese TV news programme as participatory journalism. The programme reports on the problem of “isolation in connection” — youth’s persistent sense of loneliness despite keeping in touch with many people via online connections. However, the concept of “isolation in connection” presents different versions of the problem such as public projections of personal angst. Therefore, we adopted a combined methodological perspective, including membership categorisation analysis (MCA) and dialogical networks (DNs). Subsequently, we investigated how the programme participants made the problem accountable through categorical descriptions and discursive organisation of interactions among relevant actors in the course of programme sequences. Through this investigation, we elucidate how publicness emerges through the multiplication of personal discourse in the DNs and we consider how news production works through discursive practices in the Japanese milieu.

本文将新闻制作探索为普通民众通过互联网直接参与的“参与式新闻”。虽然参与式新闻理想化了公民和记者的共同创造,但据说也存在一些局限性,如由于参与者的孤立性而导致的质量损失。在本文中,我们将日本电视新闻节目的例子视为参与式新闻。该节目报道了“联系中的孤立”问题,即尽管年轻人通过在线联系与许多人保持联系,但他们仍有持续的孤独感。然而,“联系中的孤立”概念呈现了不同版本的问题,例如个人焦虑的公开预测。因此,我们采用了一种组合的方法论视角,包括成员分类分析(MCA)和对话网络(DN)。随后,我们调查了节目参与者如何通过对节目序列中相关参与者之间互动的分类描述和话语组织来追究问题的责任。通过这项调查,我们阐明了公共性是如何通过民主党人的个人话语的倍增而产生的,我们还考虑了新闻制作是如何通过日本环境中的话语实践来运作的。
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引用次数: 1
The ordinariness and extraordinariness of resistance: Young Bangladeshi professional women doing/undoing gender 抵抗的平凡与非凡:年轻的孟加拉国职业女性在做/消除性别
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2022.100664
Shaila Sultana , Ana Deumert

This article is part of a larger study that considers how middle-class Bangladeshi women perform gender in online and offline contexts, the kinds of discourses they draw on, and the translingual resources that they engage with. In developing our argument, we first discuss colonial and post-colonial discourses about South Asian women. These historical discourses are still present in contemporary society and shape gender expectations as well as gender performativity. Four Bangladeshi professional women (aged 28–32) were part of the larger study, which combined digital ethnography with interviews. In this paper, we focus on one participant (called Katrina). We discuss, in detail, one Facebook interaction, where Katrina and her friends playfully subvert the discourses that are traditionally associated with South Asian women; gender expectations are challenged and a variety of semiotic resources are used in the carnivalesque performance of resistance. Following this, we consider the interview data which is less playful and translingual. In the interview resistance against gender norms is articulated differently, not as a playful collective engagement, punctuated with laughter, but as struggle and compromise. We argue that resistance to patriarchal gender norms is thus both ordinary and extraordinary: it is ordinary in the sense that it is everyday, and it is extraordinary in that it draws on highly creative forms of languaging and is embedded in struggles that reach back into history, while at the same time create unsettling anxieties and conflicted experiences in the here-and-now.

这篇文章是一项更大研究的一部分,该研究考虑了孟加拉国中产阶级女性在在线和离线环境中如何表现性别,她们使用的话语类型,以及她们所参与的跨语言资源。在发展我们的论点时,我们首先讨论了关于南亚妇女的殖民地和后殖民地话语。这些历史话语仍然存在于当代社会,并塑造了性别期望和性别行为。四名孟加拉国职业女性(年龄28-32岁)参与了这项更大规模的研究,该研究将数字民族志与访谈相结合。在这篇论文中,我们关注一个参与者(称为卡特里娜飓风)。我们详细讨论了一次脸书互动,卡特里娜和她的朋友们开玩笑地颠覆了传统上与南亚女性有关的话语;性别期望受到挑战,各种符号资源被用于狂欢式的反抗表演。在此之后,我们考虑采访数据,它不那么好玩和跨语言。在采访中,对性别规范的抵制以不同的方式表达,不是一种嬉戏的集体参与,不时夹杂着笑声,而是一种斗争和妥协。因此,我们认为,对父权制性别规范的抵制既普通又非同寻常:它在日常意义上是普通的,它在借鉴了高度创造性的语言形式,并植根于追溯到历史的斗争中,同时在此时此地制造了令人不安的焦虑和冲突的经历,这是非同寻常的。
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引用次数: 1
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