Pub Date : 2021-07-29DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1959322
E. Sundqvist
ABSTRACT Urbanization has fostered territorial polarization in many countries with the shift from an industrial to an increasingly knowledge-based economy. This shift benefits urban regions by spurring economic development, while many rural regions experience population decline, shrinking tax bases, and economic stagnation. While demographic development is a major factor in regional development, it is unclear how it affects regional political leadership. This article examines how demographic factors affect politicians’ influence on regional development in Sweden and Finland based on survey data of regional council representatives from both countries (n = 930). The findings indicate that strong population growth does not have a strong influence on regional development in these countries, implying that regional political leadership is not limited to dynamic urban regions with great development prospects, as leadership is also present in rural regions. Moreover, political variables are more important for politicians’ influence than demographic factors.
{"title":"Demographic challenges in regional development: A study of regional political leadership in Sweden and Finland","authors":"E. Sundqvist","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1959322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1959322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urbanization has fostered territorial polarization in many countries with the shift from an industrial to an increasingly knowledge-based economy. This shift benefits urban regions by spurring economic development, while many rural regions experience population decline, shrinking tax bases, and economic stagnation. While demographic development is a major factor in regional development, it is unclear how it affects regional political leadership. This article examines how demographic factors affect politicians’ influence on regional development in Sweden and Finland based on survey data of regional council representatives from both countries (n = 930). The findings indicate that strong population growth does not have a strong influence on regional development in these countries, implying that regional political leadership is not limited to dynamic urban regions with great development prospects, as leadership is also present in rural regions. Moreover, political variables are more important for politicians’ influence than demographic factors.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49479542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1954913
S. Camatarri, M. Gallina, G. Anselmi, Henri M. A. Schadee, P. Segatti
ABSTRACT The literature on the nationalization of party systems has found that decentralization of authority leads to increasing territorial heterogeneity of voting behaviour. In this article, we intend to further extant knowledge on this topic by exploring whether different levels of government imply distinct representations of party competition at the citizens’ level. We do so by analysing Twitter data collected during the 2015 regional elections in five Italian regions (Liguria, Veneto, Tuscany, Campania and Apulia) to estimate national and regional party configurations by means of multi-dimensional scaling. Analyses show that national party competition is generally perceived in the same way across regions, but representations of regional political spaces tend to stand out from it and also to differ from each other. These results suggest that, in line with the process of political decentralization of authority, voters perceive party competition in different ways according to the level of territorial governance at stake.
{"title":"Twitter as a mirror of political space(s): An analysis of multi-level party competition in Italy","authors":"S. Camatarri, M. Gallina, G. Anselmi, Henri M. A. Schadee, P. Segatti","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1954913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1954913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The literature on the nationalization of party systems has found that decentralization of authority leads to increasing territorial heterogeneity of voting behaviour. In this article, we intend to further extant knowledge on this topic by exploring whether different levels of government imply distinct representations of party competition at the citizens’ level. We do so by analysing Twitter data collected during the 2015 regional elections in five Italian regions (Liguria, Veneto, Tuscany, Campania and Apulia) to estimate national and regional party configurations by means of multi-dimensional scaling. Analyses show that national party competition is generally perceived in the same way across regions, but representations of regional political spaces tend to stand out from it and also to differ from each other. These results suggest that, in line with the process of political decentralization of authority, voters perceive party competition in different ways according to the level of territorial governance at stake.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1954913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-18DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1955248
Marc C. Jacob
ABSTRACT Adequately financed branches contribute to the integration of regional interests into statewide parties. Yet, we have limited knowledge about the determinants of branches’ varying income levels in federal contexts. To address this shortage, this article elucidates why branches receive donations from citizens and businesses to different degrees. I hypothesise that party competition at the state level, the difference in regional economic performance and parties’ historical legacies can account for the level of branches’ donation revenue. Analysing German statewide party branches’ income from 2009 to 2017, this study finds support for the facilitating impact of state and federal electoral contests on donation levels. Regional economic disparities, by contrast, only marginally affect donation revenues. At the same time, parties’ path-dependent developments help explain asymmetries in average revenue levels between western and eastern branches. The study’s findings suggest that intense regional party competition contributes to branches’ financial independence within the statewide party organisation.
{"title":"Financing party branches: Evidence from the German federal system","authors":"Marc C. Jacob","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1955248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1955248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adequately financed branches contribute to the integration of regional interests into statewide parties. Yet, we have limited knowledge about the determinants of branches’ varying income levels in federal contexts. To address this shortage, this article elucidates why branches receive donations from citizens and businesses to different degrees. I hypothesise that party competition at the state level, the difference in regional economic performance and parties’ historical legacies can account for the level of branches’ donation revenue. Analysing German statewide party branches’ income from 2009 to 2017, this study finds support for the facilitating impact of state and federal electoral contests on donation levels. Regional economic disparities, by contrast, only marginally affect donation revenues. At the same time, parties’ path-dependent developments help explain asymmetries in average revenue levels between western and eastern branches. The study’s findings suggest that intense regional party competition contributes to branches’ financial independence within the statewide party organisation.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1955248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43103951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1951252
Diego Fossati
ABSTRACT In Western democracies, decentralization is typically associated with pluralism and demands for minority rights. In other contexts, however, decentralized governance may be instrumental to conservative and exclusionary ideologies. We illustrate this point with an analysis of Indonesia, a diverse and decentralized country. By leveraging an original survey, we find that Islamist individuals are significantly more likely to support decentralization than pluralists. This can be attributed to this country’s legacy of political development. As pluralist elites have long dominated national politics, political Islam has sought to empower regional governments, where Islamist agendas can more easily be implemented.
{"title":"When conservatives support decentralization: The case of political Islam in Indonesia","authors":"Diego Fossati","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1951252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1951252","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Western democracies, decentralization is typically associated with pluralism and demands for minority rights. In other contexts, however, decentralized governance may be instrumental to conservative and exclusionary ideologies. We illustrate this point with an analysis of Indonesia, a diverse and decentralized country. By leveraging an original survey, we find that Islamist individuals are significantly more likely to support decentralization than pluralists. This can be attributed to this country’s legacy of political development. As pluralist elites have long dominated national politics, political Islam has sought to empower regional governments, where Islamist agendas can more easily be implemented.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1951252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43589084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839
K. Kouba, Jakub Lysek
ABSTRACT The Czech 2020 regional elections were won by ANO, a party led by prime minister Andrej Babiš. ANO received a plurality of votes in 10 of the 13 regions, but joined the regional government in only 3 of them. This election report explains this puzzling outcome as a result of three main causes: the national political polarization which facilitated coordination between the fragmented opposition parties against the winner, the electoral collapse of the historical Left (the Social Democrats and the Communists), and profound shifts in the voter turnout of key demographic groups. Registering a sharp increase in the regional presence of the Pirate Party and moderate overall gains of the centre-right opposition, these regional elections amplified the polarization of Czech national-level politics. They also increased the regionalization of political competition.
{"title":"The 2020 Czech regional elections: A story of a winner that lost","authors":"K. Kouba, Jakub Lysek","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Czech 2020 regional elections were won by ANO, a party led by prime minister Andrej Babiš. ANO received a plurality of votes in 10 of the 13 regions, but joined the regional government in only 3 of them. This election report explains this puzzling outcome as a result of three main causes: the national political polarization which facilitated coordination between the fragmented opposition parties against the winner, the electoral collapse of the historical Left (the Social Democrats and the Communists), and profound shifts in the voter turnout of key demographic groups. Registering a sharp increase in the regional presence of the Pirate Party and moderate overall gains of the centre-right opposition, these regional elections amplified the polarization of Czech national-level politics. They also increased the regionalization of political competition.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45201267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1941900
Agustina Giraudy, Sara Niedzwiecki
ABSTRACT The Subnational Research (SNR) and Multilevel Governance (MLG) research programs have tackled some of the crucial questions in comparative politics. Despite their shared principle that actors and institutions located at one territorial level are shaped by and shape other levels of government, each tradition has developed its own set of concepts and theories without fully acknowledging the other. We believe that this has been detrimental for knowledge accumulation. We argue that more knowledge accumulation in the study of territorial politics is possible if (1) scholars engage with each tradition, and (2) they are attentive to differences, or blind spots, in each traditions’ theories, concepts, and scope conditions. Drawing on two examples, the Regional Authority Index (RAI) and Kent Eaton’s work (2021) we show the benefits of transcending the boundaries of each tradition. We conclude by proposing a unified framework for the study of territorial politics that incorporates both SNR and MLG.
{"title":"Multi-level governance and subnational research: Similarities, differences, and knowledge accumulation in the study of territorial politics","authors":"Agustina Giraudy, Sara Niedzwiecki","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1941900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1941900","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Subnational Research (SNR) and Multilevel Governance (MLG) research programs have tackled some of the crucial questions in comparative politics. Despite their shared principle that actors and institutions located at one territorial level are shaped by and shape other levels of government, each tradition has developed its own set of concepts and theories without fully acknowledging the other. We believe that this has been detrimental for knowledge accumulation. We argue that more knowledge accumulation in the study of territorial politics is possible if (1) scholars engage with each tradition, and (2) they are attentive to differences, or blind spots, in each traditions’ theories, concepts, and scope conditions. Drawing on two examples, the Regional Authority Index (RAI) and Kent Eaton’s work (2021) we show the benefits of transcending the boundaries of each tradition. We conclude by proposing a unified framework for the study of territorial politics that incorporates both SNR and MLG.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1941900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1940970
Thaneshwar Bhusal, M. Breen
ABSTRACT Under the newly proclaimed federalist constitution, Nepal’s local governments provide the most suitable public space for ordinary people with varying cultural and linguistic identities to exercise participatory local democracy. This paper seeks to empirically understand the extent to which Nepal’s local participatory decision-making mechanisms are helpful for the participation of linguistically minority communities. With the analysis of local decision-making mechanisms of three distinct and linguistically diverse municipalities, this qualitative case study research finds that local decision-making in Nepal features the characteristics of multilingualism; yet, the road is not straightforward. The design of local government structures, local officials’ linguistic capacity, and interest are some of the factors that are necessary for the development of linguistically inclusive local decision-making in Nepal.
{"title":"Federalism and local governance: Exploring multilingualism in local decision-making in Nepal","authors":"Thaneshwar Bhusal, M. Breen","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1940970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1940970","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Under the newly proclaimed federalist constitution, Nepal’s local governments provide the most suitable public space for ordinary people with varying cultural and linguistic identities to exercise participatory local democracy. This paper seeks to empirically understand the extent to which Nepal’s local participatory decision-making mechanisms are helpful for the participation of linguistically minority communities. With the analysis of local decision-making mechanisms of three distinct and linguistically diverse municipalities, this qualitative case study research finds that local decision-making in Nepal features the characteristics of multilingualism; yet, the road is not straightforward. The design of local government structures, local officials’ linguistic capacity, and interest are some of the factors that are necessary for the development of linguistically inclusive local decision-making in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1940970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1941901
Davis Vallesi
cation of taxing and spending powers and the structure of intergovernmental transfers’ (p. 171). This overall measurement is much more refined than for instance that of the Regional Authority Index, which also makes its application somewhat harder and time-consuming, however. Part III, finally, delineates sources, catalysts, strategies, and actors of institutional change (chapter 7), on the one hand, and discusses five specific ‘hubs of change’ (chapter 8): constitutional amendments, de-constitutionalisation, allocation techniques, adjudication, and global governance. Particularly that last factor opens exciting avenues of supraand sub-regional alliances in the eternal quest for the satisfaction of both regional diversity and policy effectiveness. But while it is in this third part that the new dynamic theory of federalism spreads its wings the widest, the author remains commendably frank in calling for more work to be done in the different disciplines to really get to the bottom of how and why institutional change occurs – or why not, or why only too little, too late. The novelty of Popelier’s approach, then, lies not so much in the development of dozens of sometimes very detailed and sophisticated indicators of status, power, and fiscal resources and their national and regional measurement in the case of Belgium; nor in the breadth of examples adduced from across the federal universe. Instead, it is the very ‘balance’ she postulates as constituting the essence of federalism that should be further built upon: a balance not merely between centralization and regional authority, but one between regional diversity and overall cohesion. While it is certainly debatable what exactly constitutes the ‘right’ degree of diversity in the sense of regional autonomy, asymmetry and co-decision rights (shared rule), and although ‘cohesion’ is equally likely to trigger many different associations and value judgements, federal research only advances if its own diversity of approaches is properly bundled into a cohesive whole. If that makes Dynamic Federalism appear as but the first episode, nothing stands in the way of collectively producing the rest of the series.
{"title":"Democracy in Canada: the disintegration of our institutions","authors":"Davis Vallesi","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1941901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1941901","url":null,"abstract":"cation of taxing and spending powers and the structure of intergovernmental transfers’ (p. 171). This overall measurement is much more refined than for instance that of the Regional Authority Index, which also makes its application somewhat harder and time-consuming, however. Part III, finally, delineates sources, catalysts, strategies, and actors of institutional change (chapter 7), on the one hand, and discusses five specific ‘hubs of change’ (chapter 8): constitutional amendments, de-constitutionalisation, allocation techniques, adjudication, and global governance. Particularly that last factor opens exciting avenues of supraand sub-regional alliances in the eternal quest for the satisfaction of both regional diversity and policy effectiveness. But while it is in this third part that the new dynamic theory of federalism spreads its wings the widest, the author remains commendably frank in calling for more work to be done in the different disciplines to really get to the bottom of how and why institutional change occurs – or why not, or why only too little, too late. The novelty of Popelier’s approach, then, lies not so much in the development of dozens of sometimes very detailed and sophisticated indicators of status, power, and fiscal resources and their national and regional measurement in the case of Belgium; nor in the breadth of examples adduced from across the federal universe. Instead, it is the very ‘balance’ she postulates as constituting the essence of federalism that should be further built upon: a balance not merely between centralization and regional authority, but one between regional diversity and overall cohesion. While it is certainly debatable what exactly constitutes the ‘right’ degree of diversity in the sense of regional autonomy, asymmetry and co-decision rights (shared rule), and although ‘cohesion’ is equally likely to trigger many different associations and value judgements, federal research only advances if its own diversity of approaches is properly bundled into a cohesive whole. If that makes Dynamic Federalism appear as but the first episode, nothing stands in the way of collectively producing the rest of the series.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1941901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1939691
S. Mueller
{"title":"Dynamic federalism: a new theory for cohesion and regional autonomy","authors":"S. Mueller","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1939691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1939691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1939691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48629515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2021.1932829
Jörg Broschek
ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, sub-federal units have become increasingly active in trade politics, a domain that is usually an exclusive jurisdiction of the federal level. Conceptualizing this process of institutional change as federalization, this paper adopts a most similar case design to examine how four factors interact to generate different patterns of trade policy engagement in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The study suggests that institutional resources and preference intensity are crucial to explain long-term variation in all three federations, while the role of party politics and social mobilization are contextual rather than causal factors.
{"title":"The federalization of trade politics in Switzerland, Germany and Austria","authors":"Jörg Broschek","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2021.1932829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1932829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, sub-federal units have become increasingly active in trade politics, a domain that is usually an exclusive jurisdiction of the federal level. Conceptualizing this process of institutional change as federalization, this paper adopts a most similar case design to examine how four factors interact to generate different patterns of trade policy engagement in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The study suggests that institutional resources and preference intensity are crucial to explain long-term variation in all three federations, while the role of party politics and social mobilization are contextual rather than causal factors.","PeriodicalId":46657,"journal":{"name":"Regional and Federal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13597566.2021.1932829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49259834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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