Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3559095
Zerui Yu;Zhenlei Lyu;Peng Fan;Jing Wu;Yaqiang Liu;Tianyu Ma
In nuclear medicine imaging systems, intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector is one of the most important performance metrics. In this work, we aim to develop a high-resolution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) detector using pixelated Ce-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG:Ce) scintillators and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays. Special attention is paid to improving the resolving capability of edge crystals. We propose to place optical barrier (OB) slits onto the light guide that enhances the difference in light distribution for edge crystals. We experimentally optimize OB designs for two scintillator arrays, named as Array-ESR and Array-BaSO4, which uses enhanced specular reflector (ESR) film and barium sulfate (BaSO4) as the reflectors, respectively. Both arrays have $31times 31~0$ .8 mm $times 0$ .8 mm $times $ 6 mm GAGG:Ce crystals. We introduce the flood map quality (FMQ) parameter to assess the separation of responses of neighboring crystals. The results demonstrate that for Array-ESR, an optimal light guide with two 7° OB slits and two 11° OB slits resolves 92.40% crystals with an energy resolution of 13.19% $pm ~0.68$ %. The FMQ is $1.52~pm ~0.38$ . For Array-BaSO4, the optimal design is a light guide with four 7° OB slits. 98.75% crystals are resolvable with an energy resolution of 15.33% $pm ~0.96$ % and FMQ parameter of $1.81~pm ~0.45$ . Overall, Array-BaSO4 is more suitable for building SPECT detector for its good crystal resolving performance and fabrication convenience. This study proposes a practical submillimeter pixelated SPECT detector design with no detection dead space and compact electronics. It is promising for being used to build large-scale detectors for high resolution SPECT systems.
在核医学成像系统中，探测器的固有空间分辨率是最重要的性能指标之一。在这项工作中，我们的目标是使用像素化掺Ce钆铝镓石榴石（GAGG:Ce）闪烁体和硅光电倍增管（SiPM）阵列开发高分辨率单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）探测器。特别注意提高边缘晶体的分辨能力。我们建议在光导上放置光学屏障（OB）狭缝，以增强边缘晶体的光分布差异。本文通过实验优化了两种闪烁体阵列（Array-ESR和Array-BaSO4）的OB设计，这两种闪烁体阵列分别使用增强镜面反射器（ESR）薄膜和硫酸钡（BaSO4）作为反射器。两个数组都有$31乘以31~0$。8 mm $乘以0$。8毫米$乘以6毫米$ GAGG:Ce晶体。我们引入洪水图质量（FMQ）参数来评估相邻晶体的分离响应。结果表明，对于Array-ESR，具有两个7°OB狭缝和两个11°OB狭缝的最优光导可以分辨92.40%的晶体，能量分辨率为13.19% ~0.68美元%。FMQ为1.52~ 0.38美元。对于Array-BaSO4，最优设计是具有四个7°OB狭缝的光导。98.75%的晶体可分辨，能量分辨率为15.33% ~0.96美元%，FMQ参数为1.81~ 0.45美元。综上所述，阵列- baso4具有良好的晶体分辨性能和制作方便，更适合用于构建SPECT探测器。本研究提出一种实用的亚毫米像素化SPECT探测器设计，无检测死区，电子元件紧凑。它有望用于构建高分辨率SPECT系统的大规模探测器。
{"title":"Submillimeter Pixelated SPECT Detector Using GAGG:Ce and Light Guide With Optical Barrier Slits","authors":"Zerui Yu;Zhenlei Lyu;Peng Fan;Jing Wu;Yaqiang Liu;Tianyu Ma","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3559095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3559095","url":null,"abstract":"In nuclear medicine imaging systems, intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector is one of the most important performance metrics. In this work, we aim to develop a high-resolution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) detector using pixelated Ce-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG:Ce) scintillators and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays. Special attention is paid to improving the resolving capability of edge crystals. We propose to place optical barrier (OB) slits onto the light guide that enhances the difference in light distribution for edge crystals. We experimentally optimize OB designs for two scintillator arrays, named as Array-ESR and Array-BaSO4, which uses enhanced specular reflector (ESR) film and barium sulfate (BaSO4) as the reflectors, respectively. Both arrays have <inline-formula> <tex-math>$31times 31~0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.8 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.8 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 6 mm GAGG:Ce crystals. We introduce the flood map quality (FMQ) parameter to assess the separation of responses of neighboring crystals. The results demonstrate that for Array-ESR, an optimal light guide with two 7° OB slits and two 11° OB slits resolves 92.40% crystals with an energy resolution of 13.19% <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pm ~0.68$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%. The FMQ is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.52~pm ~0.38$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For Array-BaSO4, the optimal design is a light guide with four 7° OB slits. 98.75% crystals are resolvable with an energy resolution of 15.33% <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pm ~0.96$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% and FMQ parameter of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.81~pm ~0.45$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Overall, Array-BaSO4 is more suitable for building SPECT detector for its good crystal resolving performance and fabrication convenience. This study proposes a practical submillimeter pixelated SPECT detector design with no detection dead space and compact electronics. It is promising for being used to build large-scale detectors for high resolution SPECT systems.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":"1015-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to develop a compact, low-cost, and high-performance benchtop small-animal PET/MRI scanner that achieves functional and anatomical image fusion. The system is designed to address challenges in cost reduction, spatial resolution, sensitivity, image quality (IQ), and quantitative accuracy. The PET/MRI system was developed with a parallel configuration, integrating a custom-designed PET scanner and a 0.5-T permanent magnet MRI system. Quantitative assessments included spatial resolution, sensitivity, IQ, and quantitative accuracy, as well as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), geometric distortion (GD), and image uniformity (IU) for MRI. The spatial resolution at the axial center is 1.31 (axial), 1.26 (radial), and 1.22 mm (tangential), with a center sensitivity of 8.05% under a wide energy window. Image quality (IQ) tests using an IQ phantom demonstrated a uniformity of 10.08% standard deviation, recovery coefficients (RC) ranging from 0.23 to 0.96, and spill-over ratios (SOR) of 0.08 and 0.18 in air and water regions, respectively. The MRI system achieved an SNR of 14.16 in phantom tests, a GD of less than 1%, and IU of 90.13%. Fusion imaging of PET and MRI demonstrated high registration accuracy in both phantom and mouse studies, with complementary functional and anatomical information. The proposed PET/MRI system achieves high spatial resolution, sensitivity, IQ, and quantitative accuracy while maintaining a simple, low-cost design. The parallel configuration facilitates precise PET/MRI image fusion and allows for efficient multianimal imaging. The results highlight the potential of this system for preclinical research and its feasibility for future in-vehicle imaging applications. Further optimization of the MRI system and data transmission methods will enhance its performance in high-activity studies and broaden its application scope, with potential applications in preclinical research and in-vehicle imaging.
{"title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of a Benchtop Small-Animal PET/MRI Scanner","authors":"Xin Yu;Zhijun Zhao;Han Liu;Da Liang;Wenjing Zhu;Ying Lin;Jiayang Zeng;Chenxuan Liu;Jianfeng Xu;Siwei Xie;Weimin Wang;Qiyu Peng","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3557789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3557789","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop a compact, low-cost, and high-performance benchtop small-animal PET/MRI scanner that achieves functional and anatomical image fusion. The system is designed to address challenges in cost reduction, spatial resolution, sensitivity, image quality (IQ), and quantitative accuracy. The PET/MRI system was developed with a parallel configuration, integrating a custom-designed PET scanner and a 0.5-T permanent magnet MRI system. Quantitative assessments included spatial resolution, sensitivity, IQ, and quantitative accuracy, as well as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), geometric distortion (GD), and image uniformity (IU) for MRI. The spatial resolution at the axial center is 1.31 (axial), 1.26 (radial), and 1.22 mm (tangential), with a center sensitivity of 8.05% under a wide energy window. Image quality (IQ) tests using an IQ phantom demonstrated a uniformity of 10.08% standard deviation, recovery coefficients (RC) ranging from 0.23 to 0.96, and spill-over ratios (SOR) of 0.08 and 0.18 in air and water regions, respectively. The MRI system achieved an SNR of 14.16 in phantom tests, a GD of less than 1%, and IU of 90.13%. Fusion imaging of PET and MRI demonstrated high registration accuracy in both phantom and mouse studies, with complementary functional and anatomical information. The proposed PET/MRI system achieves high spatial resolution, sensitivity, IQ, and quantitative accuracy while maintaining a simple, low-cost design. The parallel configuration facilitates precise PET/MRI image fusion and allows for efficient multianimal imaging. The results highlight the potential of this system for preclinical research and its feasibility for future in-vehicle imaging applications. Further optimization of the MRI system and data transmission methods will enhance its performance in high-activity studies and broaden its application scope, with potential applications in preclinical research and in-vehicle imaging.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":"1118-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proton therapy is one of the most advanced radiotherapy techniques. Despite its advantages in dose delivery, it has not yet achieved significant clinical benefits for patients due to uncertainties in proton range. Accurate, real-time monitoring of proton dose and range is crucial for ensuring the precision of proton therapy. In prior work, a dual-head prompt gamma imaging system was proposed and evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating high spatial resolution and sufficient detection efficiency for proton pencil beam imaging at clinical doses. This study focuses on the assembly, calibration, and testing of one of the detectors in this system. Spatial resolution and detection efficiency were evaluated using a 22Na point source, while range shift detection and accuracy were assessed with 60 and 100 MeV proton beams under low proton count conditions. The single-head system achieved a detection efficiency of 0.22% and a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) spatial resolution of 2.8 mm at the center of the field of view (FOV). The system was able to detect a 1 mm range shift by identifying the most distal edge position (MDEP) of the prompt gamma profile. The detector demonstrated a range accuracy of less than 1 mm at typical count levels for a single spot in proton pencil beam scanning. The results suggest that this system performs well in terms of both detection efficiency and spatial resolution, and the system could achieve real-time range verification with high accuracy.
{"title":"Proton Range Verification Realized via a Multislit Prompt Gamma Imaging System","authors":"Hongyang Zhang;Bo Zhao;Peng Fan;Shi Wang;Wenzhuo Lu;Yancheng Yu;Zhaoxia Wu;Tianyu Ma;Hui Liu;Yaqiang Liu","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3553133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3553133","url":null,"abstract":"Proton therapy is one of the most advanced radiotherapy techniques. Despite its advantages in dose delivery, it has not yet achieved significant clinical benefits for patients due to uncertainties in proton range. Accurate, real-time monitoring of proton dose and range is crucial for ensuring the precision of proton therapy. In prior work, a dual-head prompt gamma imaging system was proposed and evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating high spatial resolution and sufficient detection efficiency for proton pencil beam imaging at clinical doses. This study focuses on the assembly, calibration, and testing of one of the detectors in this system. Spatial resolution and detection efficiency were evaluated using a 22Na point source, while range shift detection and accuracy were assessed with 60 and 100 MeV proton beams under low proton count conditions. The single-head system achieved a detection efficiency of 0.22% and a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) spatial resolution of 2.8 mm at the center of the field of view (FOV). The system was able to detect a 1 mm range shift by identifying the most distal edge position (MDEP) of the prompt gamma profile. The detector demonstrated a range accuracy of less than 1 mm at typical count levels for a single spot in proton pencil beam scanning. The results suggest that this system performs well in terms of both detection efficiency and spatial resolution, and the system could achieve real-time range verification with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":"1127-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552178
{"title":">Member Get-a-Member (MGM) Program","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 4","pages":"529-529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552176
{"title":"IEEE DataPort","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 4","pages":"528-528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552150
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552148
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four-dimensionalcone-beam computed tomography (4-D CBCT) provides respiration-resolved images and facilitates image-guided radiation therapy. However, the ability to reveal respiratory motion comes at the cost of image artifacts. As raw projection data are sorted into multiple respiratory phases, the reconstructed 4-D CBCT images are covered by severe streak artifacts. Although several deep learning-based methods have been proposed to address this issue, most algorithms formulate it as a 2-D image enhancement task, neglecting the dynamic nature of 4-D CBCT. In this article, we first identify the origin and appearance of streak artifacts in 4-D CBCT images. We find that streak artifacts exhibit a unique “rotational motion” along with the patient’s respiration, distinguishable from diaphragm-driven respiratory motion in 4-D space. Therefore, we introduce RSTAR4D-Net, a 4-D model that performs rotational streak artifact reduction by exploring the dynamic prior of 4-D CBCT images. Specifically, we overcome the computational and training difficulties of a 4-D neural network. The specially designed model decomposes the 4-D convolutions into multiple lower-dimensional operations and thus efficiently processes a whole 4-D image. Additionally, a Tetris training strategy is proposed to effectively train the model using limited 4-D data. Extensive experiments substantiate the superior performance of RSTAR4D-Net compared to existing methods.
{"title":"RSTAR4D: Rotational Streak Artifact Reduction in 4-D CBCT Using Separable 4-D Convolutions","authors":"Ziheng Deng;Hua Chen;Yongzheng Zhou;Haibo Hu;Zhiyong Xu;Tianling Lyu;Yan Xi;Yang Chen;Jiayuan Sun;Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3553866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3553866","url":null,"abstract":"Four-dimensionalcone-beam computed tomography (4-D CBCT) provides respiration-resolved images and facilitates image-guided radiation therapy. However, the ability to reveal respiratory motion comes at the cost of image artifacts. As raw projection data are sorted into multiple respiratory phases, the reconstructed 4-D CBCT images are covered by severe streak artifacts. Although several deep learning-based methods have been proposed to address this issue, most algorithms formulate it as a 2-D image enhancement task, neglecting the dynamic nature of 4-D CBCT. In this article, we first identify the origin and appearance of streak artifacts in 4-D CBCT images. We find that streak artifacts exhibit a unique “rotational motion” along with the patient’s respiration, distinguishable from diaphragm-driven respiratory motion in 4-D space. Therefore, we introduce RSTAR4D-Net, a 4-D model that performs rotational streak artifact reduction by exploring the dynamic prior of 4-D CBCT images. Specifically, we overcome the computational and training difficulties of a 4-D neural network. The specially designed model decomposes the 4-D convolutions into multiple lower-dimensional operations and thus efficiently processes a whole 4-D image. Additionally, a Tetris training strategy is proposed to effectively train the model using limited 4-D data. Extensive experiments substantiate the superior performance of RSTAR4D-Net compared to existing methods.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":"1094-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3553409
M. Mehdi Khalighi;Christina B. Young;Matthew G. Spangler-Bickell;Timothy W. Deller;Floris Jansen;Dawn Holley;Hillary Vossler;Moss Y. Zhao;Feliks Kogan;Gary Steinberg;Elizabeth Mormino;Michael Moseley;Greg Zaharchuk
The current spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) images is 3–4 mm for whole body PET/MR. Anatomical MR images with higher resolution and superior image quality have been used in PET reconstruction to improve the image quality and spatial resolution; however, mismatches between MR priors and actual tracer distribution can hinder accuracy. A novel PET reconstruction with MR priors, magnetic resonance-guided block sequential regularized expectation maximum (MRgBSREM), that is robust to mismatches between anatomical priors and true activity distribution is proposed. This method is evaluated in diverse clinical settings using various tracers: 18F-florbetaben (FBB) in 373 subjects from a dementia study, 18F-FDG in a patient with chronic ischemic stroke, 18F-NaF in a knee study, and 15O-water in a patient with Moyamoya disease. Reconstruction using MRgBSREM visually improved both spatial resolution and image quality in all studies. In the 18FBB study, it mitigated white-matter spill-in into gray-matter as well as gray-matter spill over to the adjacent tissues, potentially leading to more accurate measurement of FBB uptake in the gray-matter. Visual assessment suggests that the proposed PET reconstruction enhances spatial resolution, which may contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy, while it displays robustness to mismatches between MR priors and true activity distribution.
{"title":"A Novel Method in PET Image Reconstruction Using MRI Anatomical Priors","authors":"M. Mehdi Khalighi;Christina B. Young;Matthew G. Spangler-Bickell;Timothy W. Deller;Floris Jansen;Dawn Holley;Hillary Vossler;Moss Y. Zhao;Feliks Kogan;Gary Steinberg;Elizabeth Mormino;Michael Moseley;Greg Zaharchuk","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3553409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3553409","url":null,"abstract":"The current spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) images is 3–4 mm for whole body PET/MR. Anatomical MR images with higher resolution and superior image quality have been used in PET reconstruction to improve the image quality and spatial resolution; however, mismatches between MR priors and actual tracer distribution can hinder accuracy. A novel PET reconstruction with MR priors, magnetic resonance-guided block sequential regularized expectation maximum (MRgBSREM), that is robust to mismatches between anatomical priors and true activity distribution is proposed. This method is evaluated in diverse clinical settings using various tracers: 18F-florbetaben (FBB) in 373 subjects from a dementia study, 18F-FDG in a patient with chronic ischemic stroke, 18F-NaF in a knee study, and 15O-water in a patient with Moyamoya disease. Reconstruction using MRgBSREM visually improved both spatial resolution and image quality in all studies. In the 18FBB study, it mitigated white-matter spill-in into gray-matter as well as gray-matter spill over to the adjacent tissues, potentially leading to more accurate measurement of FBB uptake in the gray-matter. Visual assessment suggests that the proposed PET reconstruction enhances spatial resolution, which may contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy, while it displays robustness to mismatches between MR priors and true activity distribution.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":"1074-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment has exhibited promising antitumor efficacy across various cancer types, no studies have analyzed the effects of APP on pituitary adenoma (PA). In this study, APP generation and treatment conditions were optimized and investigated. Four pituitary tumor cell lines (GH3, AtT-20, GT1-1, and MMQ) were used to assess the inhibitory effect of APP treatment and were compared with two glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines (U87MG and LN229) and a neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y). Results showed that the APP treatment has a better inhibitory effect on pituitary tumor cells with minimal neurotoxicity. The best inhibitory effect was observed in GH3, which had an IC50 value of only 32.33 s. APP treatment elevated both intra- and extra-cellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in GH3 cells, which induced significantly GH3 cell apoptosis. Noninvasive micro-test technology (NMT) experiment revealed substantial ${mathrm { Ca}}^{2+}$ influx following APP treatment in GH3 cells. Moreover, validation on primary pituitary tumor cells from patients corroborated these findings. Overall, our results highlight that APP treatment exerts substantial antitumor effects on PA cells compared to GBM cell lines, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapy in clinical neurosurgical treatment of PA.
{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on GH3 Pituitary Adenoma Cell Line and Primary Pituitary Tumor Cells From Patients","authors":"Qiuyue Fang;Yixiao Liu;Yanan Xing;Xi Zhang;Yuqing Liu;Yuxuan Liu;Zhiyan Sun;Yuqi Guo;Yulou Liu;Gaosheng He;Lixin Xu;Xiaojin Xu;Jiting Ouyang;Chuzhong Li;Xu Yan;Zilan Xiong","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3552789","url":null,"abstract":"Although atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment has exhibited promising antitumor efficacy across various cancer types, no studies have analyzed the effects of APP on pituitary adenoma (PA). In this study, APP generation and treatment conditions were optimized and investigated. Four pituitary tumor cell lines (GH3, AtT-20, GT1-1, and MMQ) were used to assess the inhibitory effect of APP treatment and were compared with two glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines (U87MG and LN229) and a neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y). Results showed that the APP treatment has a better inhibitory effect on pituitary tumor cells with minimal neurotoxicity. The best inhibitory effect was observed in GH3, which had an IC50 value of only 32.33 s. APP treatment elevated both intra- and extra-cellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in GH3 cells, which induced significantly GH3 cell apoptosis. Noninvasive micro-test technology (NMT) experiment revealed substantial <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm { Ca}}^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> influx following APP treatment in GH3 cells. Moreover, validation on primary pituitary tumor cells from patients corroborated these findings. Overall, our results highlight that APP treatment exerts substantial antitumor effects on PA cells compared to GBM cell lines, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapy in clinical neurosurgical treatment of PA.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":"1135-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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