Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3365911
Gabriel Cañizares;Santiago Jiménez-Serrano;Alejandro Lucero;Constantino Morera-Ballester;Enrique Muñoz;José M. Benlloch;Antonio J. González
Total body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) scanners provide high-quality images due to the large sensitivity. Our motivation is to design a TB-PET system with up to 70 cm axial coverage that mitigates the parallax error degradation by using a detector concept based on semi-monolithic LYSO crystals. Furthermore, this detector approach allows to simultaneously reach an accurate coincidence time resolution (CTR) to enhance the image quality by means of time-of-flight (TOF) reconstruction algorithms. We have simulated and compared two positron emission tomography (PET) prototypes with about 70 cm but a different number of detector rings (7 versus 5). The NEMA NU 2 2018 protocol has been implemented. By correcting the parallax error with the depth-of-interaction (DOI) information, the spatial resolution remains homogeneous and below 3 mm in the entire field of view (FOV), differently from designs based on pixelated crystals. The sensitivity reaches values of 58 and 115 cps/kBq, for the 5 and 7 rings configurations, respectively. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) was found at 563 kcps/mL. This value is lower than other systems, most likely due to the requirement to process a larger number of channels to characterize the DOI. Percent contrasts obtained for two different phantoms are in general beyond 80% for the largest spheres, nearly 100% for the 7 rings configuration once TOF is applied during the reconstruction process. In conclusion, although the sensitivity and NECR results for the 5-rings configuration are lower compared to the 7-rings approach, its overall performance is enhanced by the addition of TOF and parallax error correction, improving that of conventional Whole Body PET scanners (axial length: 20–30 cm) in terms of image quality.
{"title":"Simulation Study of Clinical PET Scanners With Different Geometries, Including TOF and DOI Capabilities","authors":"Gabriel Cañizares;Santiago Jiménez-Serrano;Alejandro Lucero;Constantino Morera-Ballester;Enrique Muñoz;José M. Benlloch;Antonio J. González","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3365911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3365911","url":null,"abstract":"Total body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) scanners provide high-quality images due to the large sensitivity. Our motivation is to design a TB-PET system with up to 70 cm axial coverage that mitigates the parallax error degradation by using a detector concept based on semi-monolithic LYSO crystals. Furthermore, this detector approach allows to simultaneously reach an accurate coincidence time resolution (CTR) to enhance the image quality by means of time-of-flight (TOF) reconstruction algorithms. We have simulated and compared two positron emission tomography (PET) prototypes with about 70 cm but a different number of detector rings (7 versus 5). The NEMA NU 2 2018 protocol has been implemented. By correcting the parallax error with the depth-of-interaction (DOI) information, the spatial resolution remains homogeneous and below 3 mm in the entire field of view (FOV), differently from designs based on pixelated crystals. The sensitivity reaches values of 58 and 115 cps/kBq, for the 5 and 7 rings configurations, respectively. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) was found at 563 kcps/mL. This value is lower than other systems, most likely due to the requirement to process a larger number of channels to characterize the DOI. Percent contrasts obtained for two different phantoms are in general beyond 80% for the largest spheres, nearly 100% for the 7 rings configuration once TOF is applied during the reconstruction process. In conclusion, although the sensitivity and NECR results for the 5-rings configuration are lower compared to the 7-rings approach, its overall performance is enhanced by the addition of TOF and parallax error correction, improving that of conventional Whole Body PET scanners (axial length: 20–30 cm) in terms of image quality.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3365778
Ahmad Chaddad;Xiaojuan Liang
Radiomics is a progressive field aiming to quantitatively assess the diversity within and between tumors using image analysis. It holds tremendous promise for tracking tumor treatment progress over time. This review summarizes recent advances in ensuring the stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of radiomic analyses. It covers various factors influencing the radiomics process and potential variables that can affect stability. The study also proposes strategies to enhance the reliability of both radiomic features and models. Additionally, we highlight the importance of stability in each radiomic phase to achieve the cut-off stable model. Moreover, we discuss the details of using the radiomics quality score (RQS) to evaluate radiomics research, guiding researchers in formulating reasonable research designs to promote more stable radiomic models.
{"title":"Stability of Radiomic Models and Strategies to Enhance Reproducibility","authors":"Ahmad Chaddad;Xiaojuan Liang","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3365778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3365778","url":null,"abstract":"Radiomics is a progressive field aiming to quantitatively assess the diversity within and between tumors using image analysis. It holds tremendous promise for tracking tumor treatment progress over time. This review summarizes recent advances in ensuring the stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of radiomic analyses. It covers various factors influencing the radiomics process and potential variables that can affect stability. The study also proposes strategies to enhance the reliability of both radiomic features and models. Additionally, we highlight the importance of stability in each radiomic phase to achieve the cut-off stable model. Moreover, we discuss the details of using the radiomics quality score (RQS) to evaluate radiomics research, guiding researchers in formulating reasonable research designs to promote more stable radiomic models.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3361891
Junwei Du;Shixian Du
Bismuth germanate (BGO)-based positron emission tomography (PET) detectors are potential candidates for low-dose imaging PET scanners, owing to the high stopping power and low background radiation of BGO. In this article, we compared the performance of two dual-ended readout PET detectors based on $15times15$ BGO arrays. Both arrays had the same 1.1 mm pitch but utilized different reflectors—barium sulfate (BaSO4) and enhanced specular reflector film (ESR)—for high-resolution PET applications. The detectors were constructed with Hamamatsu 13361–2050-08 silicon photomultiplier arrays. Each BGO element had dimensions of $1.02times 1.02times20$ mm3. The lateral surfaces of the BGO elements were unpolished (saw-cut), while the two ends were polished. Flood histograms showed that the detector based on the BGO array with BaSO4 reflector had much better crystal identification and depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution. Specifically, the energy, DOI, and timing resolutions for the detector using the BGO array with BaSO4 reflector were 19.8 ± 1.5%, 4.13 ± 0.48 mm, and 2.80 ± 0.23 ns, respectively. In contrast, the values obtained using the BGO array with ESR reflector were 20.9 ± 2.1%, 7.69 ± 1.92 mm, and 2.93 ± 0.20 ns, respectively.
{"title":"Performance Comparison of DOI-Encoding PET Detectors Based on 1.1-mm Pitch BGO Arrays With Different Reflectors","authors":"Junwei Du;Shixian Du","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3361891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3361891","url":null,"abstract":"Bismuth germanate (BGO)-based positron emission tomography (PET) detectors are potential candidates for low-dose imaging PET scanners, owing to the high stopping power and low background radiation of BGO. In this article, we compared the performance of two dual-ended readout PET detectors based on \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$15times15$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 BGO arrays. Both arrays had the same 1.1 mm pitch but utilized different reflectors—barium sulfate (BaSO4) and enhanced specular reflector film (ESR)—for high-resolution PET applications. The detectors were constructed with Hamamatsu 13361–2050-08 silicon photomultiplier arrays. Each BGO element had dimensions of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.02times 1.02times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm3. The lateral surfaces of the BGO elements were unpolished (saw-cut), while the two ends were polished. Flood histograms showed that the detector based on the BGO array with BaSO4 reflector had much better crystal identification and depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution. Specifically, the energy, DOI, and timing resolutions for the detector using the BGO array with BaSO4 reflector were 19.8 ± 1.5%, 4.13 ± 0.48 mm, and 2.80 ± 0.23 ns, respectively. In contrast, the values obtained using the BGO array with ESR reflector were 20.9 ± 2.1%, 7.69 ± 1.92 mm, and 2.93 ± 0.20 ns, respectively.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3357949
{"title":"IEEE Data Port","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3357949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3357949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10419128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355538
{"title":"Member Get-A-Member (MGM) Program","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10419137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355531
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10419122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355533
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10419104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an $Ntimes N$ crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front $Ntimes N$ SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back $Ntimes N$ SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built $4times4$ and $8times8$ detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm $^{3},,times3.0$ -mm $^{3},,times20$ -mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4 $times $ 4 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8 $times $ 8 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4 $times $ 4 to 8 $times $ 8.
我们研究了一种用于交互深度（DOI）和飞行时间 PET 检测器的高复用读出装置，该装置由 N 次 N 元晶体组成，其前后端的光输出通过硅光电倍增管（SiPM）进行检测。前端 N 次 N 个硅光电倍增管阵列通过使用条纹线（SL）读取，条纹线的配置支持对产生信号的晶体的行位置进行区分。后面的 N/times N$ SiPM 阵列同样也是通过一个 SL 来读取，以进行列分辨。因此，检测器只有四个输出。我们使用 3.0mm $^{3}times3.0$ -mm $^{3}times20$ -mm3 镥钇氧硅酸盐制造了 $4times4$ 和 $8times8$ 的探测器模块（DM）。对输出结果进行了采样和离线处理。对于两种 DM，晶体辨别都很成功。对于 4 倍的 4 DM，我们获得的平均能量分辨率（ER）为 14.1%，平均 DOI 分辨率为 2.5 mm，非 DOI 校正的重合分辨时间（CRT）（与单像素参考探测器（refDet）重合测量）约为 495ps。对于 8 $times $ 8 DM，平均 ER、平均 DOI 分辨率和平均 CRT 分别为 16.4%、2.9 mm 和 641ps。当DM从4乘以4增加到8乘以8时，我们发现晶间散射可能是CRT恶化的原因。
{"title":"DOI- and TOF-Capable PET Array Detector Using Double-Ended Light Readout and Stripline-Based Row and Column Electronic Readout","authors":"Fei Wang;Chien-Min Kao;Xiaoyu Zhang;Linfeng Liu;Yuexuan Hua;Heejong Kim;Woon-Seng Choong;Qingguo Xie","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3360942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3360942","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ntimes N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ntimes N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ntimes N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3},,times3.0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3},,times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00004 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00008 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00004 to 8\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00008.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The multi-voltage threshold (MVT) method employs comparators and time-to-digital converters to acquire the samples of a scintillation pulse when it crosses voltage thresholds and recovers the pulse using a prior model. It serves as a versatile pulse digitizing method in particle physics applications, including positron emission tomography (PET) and proton therapy verification. In these applications, the performance of the MVT method is sensitive to voltage threshold settings, leading to deteriorating energy resolution (ER) if the voltage thresholds are not selected for optimized pulse recovery. In this article, we propose a peak-picking MVT (PP-MVT) method that acquires the time and voltage of a pulse peak and recovers the pulse with MVT samples and peak information. Based on a dataset acquired from an LYSO/SiPM PET detector, we evaluate the performance of the two methods under four typical voltage threshold settings. The results show that the worst ER achieved by this method is 13.2%@511 keV, while that achieved by the MVT method is 16.3%@511 keV. Moreover, we implement a preliminary 1-channel peak-picking circuit, which has successfully captured the peak voltages of scintillation pulses. Based on this circuit, we are currently developing a 36-channel PP-MVT digitizer, where the readout unit is multiplexed, thus improving the ER of PET systems with little extra hardware complexity.
多电压阈值（MVT）方法利用比较器和时间数字转换器，在闪烁脉冲越过电压阈值时采集其样本，并利用先前的模型恢复脉冲。它是粒子物理学应用中的一种多功能脉冲数字化方法，包括正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和质子治疗验证。在这些应用中，MVT 方法的性能对电压阈值设置很敏感，如果没有选择优化脉冲恢复的电压阈值，就会导致能量分辨率（ER）下降。在本文中，我们提出了一种采峰 MVT（PP-MVT）方法，它能获取脉冲峰值的时间和电压，并利用 MVT 样本和峰值信息恢复脉冲。基于从 LYSO/SiPM PET 探测器获取的数据集，我们评估了两种方法在四种典型电压阈值设置下的性能。结果表明，该方法实现的最差ER为13.2%@511 keV，而MVT方法实现的最差ER为16.3%@511 keV。此外，我们还初步实现了一个单通道峰值拾取电路，成功捕捉到了闪烁脉冲的峰值电压。在此电路的基础上，我们目前正在开发一个 36 通道 PP-MVT 数字转换器，其中的读出单元是多路复用的，从而以很小的额外硬件复杂性提高了 PET 系统的 ER。
{"title":"A Novel Peak Picking Multi-Voltage Threshold Digitizer for Pulse Sampling","authors":"Yiqing Ling;Ao Qiu;Lin Wan;Fei Wang;Kezhang Zhu;Yeping Zhang;Qingguo Xie","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3359241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3359241","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-voltage threshold (MVT) method employs comparators and time-to-digital converters to acquire the samples of a scintillation pulse when it crosses voltage thresholds and recovers the pulse using a prior model. It serves as a versatile pulse digitizing method in particle physics applications, including positron emission tomography (PET) and proton therapy verification. In these applications, the performance of the MVT method is sensitive to voltage threshold settings, leading to deteriorating energy resolution (ER) if the voltage thresholds are not selected for optimized pulse recovery. In this article, we propose a peak-picking MVT (PP-MVT) method that acquires the time and voltage of a pulse peak and recovers the pulse with MVT samples and peak information. Based on a dataset acquired from an LYSO/SiPM PET detector, we evaluate the performance of the two methods under four typical voltage threshold settings. The results show that the worst ER achieved by this method is 13.2%@511 keV, while that achieved by the MVT method is 16.3%@511 keV. Moreover, we implement a preliminary 1-channel peak-picking circuit, which has successfully captured the peak voltages of scintillation pulses. Based on this circuit, we are currently developing a 36-channel PP-MVT digitizer, where the readout unit is multiplexed, thus improving the ER of PET systems with little extra hardware complexity.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355331
P. Schulan;M. Wende;S. Bekeschus;M. Lalk;K. Wende
Cold physical plasma shows promising preclinical results as an anticancer strategy. The technology generates a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediating gas plasma-induced effects in cells and tissues. On the cellular level, ROS can trigger oxidative stress-related responses. On the biomolecular level, ROS can introduce oxidative modifications, potentially leading to functional alterations. To better understand plasma treatment in oncology therapies, we treated tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with plasma to investigate the efficacy upon oxidation as well as plasma pretreated A549 lung cancer cells before TKI treatment to investigate combination effects. Specifically, a library of 37 compounds was exposed to the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen before being added to the cells. Most gas plasma-treated TKIs showed a significant decline in anticancer efficacy. The experimental compound NVP-AEW541 showed elevated tumor-toxic effects after exposure to gas plasma. In A549 cells pretreated with gas plasma, all TKIs but one showed additive toxicity. In summary, this first study on gas plasma treatment of TKIs and lung cancer cells in combination treatments revealed that direct gas plasma TKI treatment decreased the activity of most but not all compounds investigated, while gas plasma pretreated cells mostly showed additive toxicity in response to TKI exposure.
{"title":"Activity Alterations of 37 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Upon kINPen Plasma Exposure in A549 Lung Cancer Cells","authors":"P. Schulan;M. Wende;S. Bekeschus;M. Lalk;K. Wende","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3355331","url":null,"abstract":"Cold physical plasma shows promising preclinical results as an anticancer strategy. The technology generates a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediating gas plasma-induced effects in cells and tissues. On the cellular level, ROS can trigger oxidative stress-related responses. On the biomolecular level, ROS can introduce oxidative modifications, potentially leading to functional alterations. To better understand plasma treatment in oncology therapies, we treated tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with plasma to investigate the efficacy upon oxidation as well as plasma pretreated A549 lung cancer cells before TKI treatment to investigate combination effects. Specifically, a library of 37 compounds was exposed to the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen before being added to the cells. Most gas plasma-treated TKIs showed a significant decline in anticancer efficacy. The experimental compound NVP-AEW541 showed elevated tumor-toxic effects after exposure to gas plasma. In A549 cells pretreated with gas plasma, all TKIs but one showed additive toxicity. In summary, this first study on gas plasma treatment of TKIs and lung cancer cells in combination treatments revealed that direct gas plasma TKI treatment decreased the activity of most but not all compounds investigated, while gas plasma pretreated cells mostly showed additive toxicity in response to TKI exposure.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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