Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1177/00219096241283668
Reena Kukreja
The article, based on original research from 246 villages, discusses contemporary marriage migrations of poor women from India's development peripheries to rural North Indian men. Anti-trafficking activists and organizations in India assert that migrant brides are trafficked into sexual slavery through 'coerced' alliances. Employing a postcolonial feminist lens, this article challenges hegemonic anti-trafficking discourse with its gendered presumptions about widespread 'bride-trafficking' by showing that the processes of cross-region marriage mediation and motives are replete with contradictions and ambiguities. Fieldwork reveals a range of actors, including the migrant brides, involved in marriage mediation while poverty and heightened dowry compromise women into such matrimonies.
{"title":"Trafficked or Married? Unpacking Dispossession of Matrimonial Choice in Cross-Region Marriage Migration in India.","authors":"Reena Kukreja","doi":"10.1177/00219096241283668","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00219096241283668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article, based on original research from 246 villages, discusses contemporary marriage migrations of poor women from India's development peripheries to rural North Indian men. Anti-trafficking activists and organizations in India assert that migrant brides are trafficked into sexual slavery through 'coerced' alliances. Employing a postcolonial feminist lens, this article challenges hegemonic anti-trafficking discourse with its gendered presumptions about widespread 'bride-trafficking' by showing that the processes of cross-region marriage mediation and motives are replete with contradictions and ambiguities. Fieldwork reveals a range of actors, including the migrant brides, involved in marriage mediation while poverty and heightened dowry compromise women into such matrimonies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-28DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263960
Abi Chamlagai
Communist parties are major actors in Nepali politics. This study is an attempt to explore if they pose a threat to democracy in Nepal given that communist parties are formed to operate a dictatorship of the proletariat. Findings suggest that democracy in Nepal is not under threat from communist parties for three reasons. First, communist parties in Nepal have contributed more to the arrival of democracy than its departure. Second, communist parties dominant in current Nepali politics have accepted democracy as an ideology. Third, communist parties and leaders have strongly stood up against the authoritarian tendency crept into the communist movement of Nepal. Since this study is the first exclusive research on the relationship between democracy and communist parties in Nepal, this work makes an original contribution to the Nepali political literature. This study also makes an original contribution to the general democratization literature by refuting the assumption that democracy can never coexist with communist parties. Furthermore, this study invites more research on the relationship between democracy and communist parties from other democratic countries that have communist parties. The method used in this study is historical analysis.
{"title":"Communist Parties and Threat to Democracy in Nepal: A Historical Analysis, 1949–2023","authors":"Abi Chamlagai","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263960","url":null,"abstract":"Communist parties are major actors in Nepali politics. This study is an attempt to explore if they pose a threat to democracy in Nepal given that communist parties are formed to operate a dictatorship of the proletariat. Findings suggest that democracy in Nepal is not under threat from communist parties for three reasons. First, communist parties in Nepal have contributed more to the arrival of democracy than its departure. Second, communist parties dominant in current Nepali politics have accepted democracy as an ideology. Third, communist parties and leaders have strongly stood up against the authoritarian tendency crept into the communist movement of Nepal. Since this study is the first exclusive research on the relationship between democracy and communist parties in Nepal, this work makes an original contribution to the Nepali political literature. This study also makes an original contribution to the general democratization literature by refuting the assumption that democracy can never coexist with communist parties. Furthermore, this study invites more research on the relationship between democracy and communist parties from other democratic countries that have communist parties. The method used in this study is historical analysis.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-28DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263964
Ziju Yan, Nan Xiang, Yuanfang Zhao, Yanchong Peng, Zhang Yue
Using the data of Chinese General Social Survey from 2010 to 2018, this study measured the modernity of Chinese peasants from four dimensions: equality and autonomy, positive attitude, general confidence, and open-mindedness. Hierarchical age–period–cohort models were introduced to assess the effect of age, period, and cohort on modernity and to further explore the heterogeneities in the effect of education and off-farm work experience on modernity among various birth cohorts. Age effects consistently show significance, with the level of individual modernity decreasing as age increases. However, the rate of decline gradually slows down. Period effects are generally significant and contribute to the advancement of modernity. Cohort effects are significant in most cohorts. The modernity of peasants born between 1941 and 1960 show a consistent decline, reaching its lowest point in the cohort 1961–1970 and then increasing steadily among those born after 1970. Possible explanations were proposed from the perspective of changes in the land property system and household registration system in China. We also found that the positive effect of education is stronger for younger cohorts, whereas the positive effect of off-farm experience is stronger for older cohorts. This study enriches Inkeles’s research on individual modernization and reveals the transformation process of traditional peasants in developing countries.
{"title":"The Transformation of Traditional Peasants: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis of the Modernity of Peasants in China","authors":"Ziju Yan, Nan Xiang, Yuanfang Zhao, Yanchong Peng, Zhang Yue","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263964","url":null,"abstract":"Using the data of Chinese General Social Survey from 2010 to 2018, this study measured the modernity of Chinese peasants from four dimensions: equality and autonomy, positive attitude, general confidence, and open-mindedness. Hierarchical age–period–cohort models were introduced to assess the effect of age, period, and cohort on modernity and to further explore the heterogeneities in the effect of education and off-farm work experience on modernity among various birth cohorts. Age effects consistently show significance, with the level of individual modernity decreasing as age increases. However, the rate of decline gradually slows down. Period effects are generally significant and contribute to the advancement of modernity. Cohort effects are significant in most cohorts. The modernity of peasants born between 1941 and 1960 show a consistent decline, reaching its lowest point in the cohort 1961–1970 and then increasing steadily among those born after 1970. Possible explanations were proposed from the perspective of changes in the land property system and household registration system in China. We also found that the positive effect of education is stronger for younger cohorts, whereas the positive effect of off-farm experience is stronger for older cohorts. This study enriches Inkeles’s research on individual modernization and reveals the transformation process of traditional peasants in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-28DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263965
Glen Biglaiser, Lance Y. Hunter, Kelan (Lilly) Lu
This paper integrates the political influence and foreign capital literatures and examines the association between United States and Chinese overseas foreign direct investment (FDI) and host states’ political institutions. Using up to 109 developing countries from 2003 to 2019, and employing two-stage least squares selection modeling, we find negative and significant relationships between Chinese FDI and host states’ democracy while US FDI has positive and significant associations. Our study suggests Chinese FDI and host state leaders may mutually benefit from increasing authoritarianism, producing closer political and economic ties between China and the developing world.
{"title":"Chinese and US Overseas Foreign Direct Investment and Democracy in the Developing World","authors":"Glen Biglaiser, Lance Y. Hunter, Kelan (Lilly) Lu","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263965","url":null,"abstract":"This paper integrates the political influence and foreign capital literatures and examines the association between United States and Chinese overseas foreign direct investment (FDI) and host states’ political institutions. Using up to 109 developing countries from 2003 to 2019, and employing two-stage least squares selection modeling, we find negative and significant relationships between Chinese FDI and host states’ democracy while US FDI has positive and significant associations. Our study suggests Chinese FDI and host state leaders may mutually benefit from increasing authoritarianism, producing closer political and economic ties between China and the developing world.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-28DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263957
S. Alonge
The primary health care (PHC) system is acclaimed globally to be key in achieving universal health targets; however, its performance over the years has fallen short of this expectation, particularly in developing countries, including Nigeria. This paper reports the findings of the study on the availability, accessibility, and utilization of PHC services in Ogun and Oyo states. The study employed qualitative and survey research methods. The study location was in Ogun and Oyo states in Nigeria. Descriptive analysis of data was carried out. The findings show that 84% of the population had a government PHC facility in their own community, accessible to 54.5%, and utilized by 53.7% of the population. This paper recommends that the existing PHCs should be rehabilitated and equipped with modern equipment. More health experts should be employed in PHCs. Communities should be encouraged to utilize PHCs in their neighborhoods.
{"title":"Availability, Accessibility, and Utilization of Primary Health Care Services in Ogun and Oyo States of Nigeria","authors":"S. Alonge","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263957","url":null,"abstract":"The primary health care (PHC) system is acclaimed globally to be key in achieving universal health targets; however, its performance over the years has fallen short of this expectation, particularly in developing countries, including Nigeria. This paper reports the findings of the study on the availability, accessibility, and utilization of PHC services in Ogun and Oyo states. The study employed qualitative and survey research methods. The study location was in Ogun and Oyo states in Nigeria. Descriptive analysis of data was carried out. The findings show that 84% of the population had a government PHC facility in their own community, accessible to 54.5%, and utilized by 53.7% of the population. This paper recommends that the existing PHCs should be rehabilitated and equipped with modern equipment. More health experts should be employed in PHCs. Communities should be encouraged to utilize PHCs in their neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263963
Naresh Kumar Verma, Rahul Rawat
Ladakh has become the major flashpoint of contestation between India and China. The existing dynamics can be attributed to the abrogation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and the creation of the Union Territory of Ladakh in August 2019, resulting in constitutional, geopolitical, and strategic changes. This paper examines Ladakh’s attainment of UT status and the paradigm shift in the conception of its role as a strategic territory in light of the local struggle for autonomy, the diplomatic position of global actors, and the ongoing territorial conflict between India and China.
{"title":"Ladakh’s Quest For Autonomy Amidst Geopolitical And Strategic Contestations","authors":"Naresh Kumar Verma, Rahul Rawat","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263963","url":null,"abstract":"Ladakh has become the major flashpoint of contestation between India and China. The existing dynamics can be attributed to the abrogation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and the creation of the Union Territory of Ladakh in August 2019, resulting in constitutional, geopolitical, and strategic changes. This paper examines Ladakh’s attainment of UT status and the paradigm shift in the conception of its role as a strategic territory in light of the local struggle for autonomy, the diplomatic position of global actors, and the ongoing territorial conflict between India and China.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263958
N. M. Ishengoma
Globalisation has been lauded for transforming African women’s financial and cultural lives. However, current discourses fail to demonstrate the new hurdles women have to survive in the fishery globalised world. This article uses public political hearing insights, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to show how Mafia Cooperative women employees in the Mafia region were discriminated against in unprecedented ways. The data were examined thematically. The results show that women’s right to work was based on their marital status and husbands’ behaviour, and not their skills or experience. Such behaviour violates human and workplace rights and should be strongly chastised.
{"title":"Wives’ Discrimination by Spouse’s Culpability in the Globalised Fisheries Industry: Insights From Public Political Hearing on Mafia Island, Tanzania","authors":"N. M. Ishengoma","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263958","url":null,"abstract":"Globalisation has been lauded for transforming African women’s financial and cultural lives. However, current discourses fail to demonstrate the new hurdles women have to survive in the fishery globalised world. This article uses public political hearing insights, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to show how Mafia Cooperative women employees in the Mafia region were discriminated against in unprecedented ways. The data were examined thematically. The results show that women’s right to work was based on their marital status and husbands’ behaviour, and not their skills or experience. Such behaviour violates human and workplace rights and should be strongly chastised.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263962
C. R. Okoli, Chikodiri Nwangwu, C. Iwuamadi, C. J. Nwanegbo
Two waves of mass protests were remarkable across West Africa in the first two decades of the 21st century. Drawing from the experiences of Burkina Faso and Nigeria, this study situates these mass protests within the temporal theory of social movements and argues that the focus of the protests in each wave shifted from protests against specific neoliberal economic reforms to discontent with governance institutions. However, the underlying driver of the mass protests remained the deteriorating condition of the underclass. The study explains the recurring character of mass protests and why they will remain everyday experiences across West Africa.
{"title":"Interrogating the Dynamics of Social Movements in Burkina Faso and Nigeria","authors":"C. R. Okoli, Chikodiri Nwangwu, C. Iwuamadi, C. J. Nwanegbo","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263962","url":null,"abstract":"Two waves of mass protests were remarkable across West Africa in the first two decades of the 21st century. Drawing from the experiences of Burkina Faso and Nigeria, this study situates these mass protests within the temporal theory of social movements and argues that the focus of the protests in each wave shifted from protests against specific neoliberal economic reforms to discontent with governance institutions. However, the underlying driver of the mass protests remained the deteriorating condition of the underclass. The study explains the recurring character of mass protests and why they will remain everyday experiences across West Africa.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263961
T. Muzingili, I. Mafa
This study explores interpersonal factors that negatively impact married women’s reporting of intimate partner violence. Using the snowball sampling, the data were collected from 12 married women who had suffered intimate partner violence. The findings revealed many interpersonal factors that affect intimate partner abuse reporting, such as the length of the marriage, fear of criminal victimisation, physical impairments, trivialisation of certain types of abuse and a lack of awareness about intimate partner violence. The study calls for the need to build married women’s resilience and mobilise resources to improve their socio-economic status and break their economic dependence on abusive husbands.
{"title":"‘I don’t like it, but I won’t leave home’: Interpersonal Factors Restricting Married Women in Rural Zimbabwe From Reporting Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"T. Muzingili, I. Mafa","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263961","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores interpersonal factors that negatively impact married women’s reporting of intimate partner violence. Using the snowball sampling, the data were collected from 12 married women who had suffered intimate partner violence. The findings revealed many interpersonal factors that affect intimate partner abuse reporting, such as the length of the marriage, fear of criminal victimisation, physical impairments, trivialisation of certain types of abuse and a lack of awareness about intimate partner violence. The study calls for the need to build married women’s resilience and mobilise resources to improve their socio-economic status and break their economic dependence on abusive husbands.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/00219096241263959
Amin Majidifard, Fatemeh Noei Teymori
The “Women, Life, Freedom” (WLF) movement has been one of Iran’s most widespread social movements. This paper aims to identify the interpretive frames constructed within the movement from the perspective of analyzing its slogans and questioning the essence of the movement. In this regard, employing a quantitative approach and utilizing the content analysis method, it collects and analyzes all slogans reported (2355 slogans). The study finds that incomplete framing is a crucial aspect of the WLF movement, and it can be described as a “diagnostic movement” that has made significant progress in identifying the primary target of the protests.
{"title":"Incomplete Framing in Diagnostic Movement: Quantitative Analyzing of Slogans and Frame Analysis of “Woman, Life, Freedom” Movement in Iran","authors":"Amin Majidifard, Fatemeh Noei Teymori","doi":"10.1177/00219096241263959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241263959","url":null,"abstract":"The “Women, Life, Freedom” (WLF) movement has been one of Iran’s most widespread social movements. This paper aims to identify the interpretive frames constructed within the movement from the perspective of analyzing its slogans and questioning the essence of the movement. In this regard, employing a quantitative approach and utilizing the content analysis method, it collects and analyzes all slogans reported (2355 slogans). The study finds that incomplete framing is a crucial aspect of the WLF movement, and it can be described as a “diagnostic movement” that has made significant progress in identifying the primary target of the protests.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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