Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00219096221092108
Kudakwashe Chitofiri, Lotti Nkomo
This article is an empirical examination of ‘victimhood’ in the context of the widespread, deadly and destructive electoral violence that affected Zimbabwe in 2008. It contends that an examination of the behaviour of victims of state-sponsored political violence enhances our comprehension of ‘victimhood’ as a factor in the perpetuation of political violence. The victims were largely ignored by the justice system, the political leadership and the community, all of whom were under the coercive spell of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU PF). The trivialisation of their situation, and the absence of legitimate avenues for redress, forced many victims to seek direct revenge. The article traces how this fomented and reproduced the already violent political atmosphere in Norton town during the 2008 election period. It relies on interviews with opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) victims of violence in Norton to consider how they attempted to make sense of their pain by claiming victimhood and exacting physical revenge against their tormentors.
{"title":"Violence, Victimhood and Retaliation: The 2008 Elections and the Cyclic Nature of Political Violence in Norton, Zimbabwe","authors":"Kudakwashe Chitofiri, Lotti Nkomo","doi":"10.1177/00219096221092108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096221092108","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an empirical examination of ‘victimhood’ in the context of the widespread, deadly and destructive electoral violence that affected Zimbabwe in 2008. It contends that an examination of the behaviour of victims of state-sponsored political violence enhances our comprehension of ‘victimhood’ as a factor in the perpetuation of political violence. The victims were largely ignored by the justice system, the political leadership and the community, all of whom were under the coercive spell of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU PF). The trivialisation of their situation, and the absence of legitimate avenues for redress, forced many victims to seek direct revenge. The article traces how this fomented and reproduced the already violent political atmosphere in Norton town during the 2008 election period. It relies on interviews with opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) victims of violence in Norton to consider how they attempted to make sense of their pain by claiming victimhood and exacting physical revenge against their tormentors.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":" 39","pages":"1587 - 1603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00219096221090640
Clever Madimutsa
This article analyses the incorporation of social dialogue in industrial relations and its role in pacifying public sector unions in Zambia. A sample of 19 managers of public institutions and union leaders in Lusaka participated in the research. The research reveals that social dialogue is used to pacify trade unions as governments implement structural adjustment policies, which bring about poor employment conditions. Although the unions have responded to pacification by diversifying and servicing their membership, they are still weak. This finding is significant because it helps us to understand why unions in Southern Africa are weak in the post-independence era.
{"title":"Industrial Relations, Social Dialogue and Pacification of Public Sector Unions in Zambia: Rethinking Trade Union Strategies","authors":"Clever Madimutsa","doi":"10.1177/00219096221090640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096221090640","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the incorporation of social dialogue in industrial relations and its role in pacifying public sector unions in Zambia. A sample of 19 managers of public institutions and union leaders in Lusaka participated in the research. The research reveals that social dialogue is used to pacify trade unions as governments implement structural adjustment policies, which bring about poor employment conditions. Although the unions have responded to pacification by diversifying and servicing their membership, they are still weak. This finding is significant because it helps us to understand why unions in Southern Africa are weak in the post-independence era.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"7 8","pages":"1528 - 1544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00219096221076109
Husrev Tabak, S. Erdoğan, Marella Bodur Ün
This research problematizes the contested nature of the global norm diffusion by focusing on intra-group rivalries and fragmentations shaping local responses (often reactionary and resistant) to global norms. Such an examination is important primarily to account for what leads to shifts in the local reception of norms over time. This study empirically explores local fragmentation, rivalry and change in response nexus in the example of the reception of the global gender equality norms in Turkey by the conservative normative bloc. It reveals that the conservative bloc is not a monolithic normative order and that there are two main competing receptions of the gender equality norm within the group in Turkey. With a firm emphasis on Turkey’s first initiating and later withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention, the study elaborates how the institutionalized conservative response to gender equality has shifted from a compromising acceptance to a rejection over time.
{"title":"Intra-conservative Bloc Contestations on Gender Equality in Turkey – Norm Reception in Fragmented Normative Orders","authors":"Husrev Tabak, S. Erdoğan, Marella Bodur Ün","doi":"10.1177/00219096221076109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096221076109","url":null,"abstract":"This research problematizes the contested nature of the global norm diffusion by focusing on intra-group rivalries and fragmentations shaping local responses (often reactionary and resistant) to global norms. Such an examination is important primarily to account for what leads to shifts in the local reception of norms over time. This study empirically explores local fragmentation, rivalry and change in response nexus in the example of the reception of the global gender equality norms in Turkey by the conservative normative bloc. It reveals that the conservative bloc is not a monolithic normative order and that there are two main competing receptions of the gender equality norm within the group in Turkey. With a firm emphasis on Turkey’s first initiating and later withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention, the study elaborates how the institutionalized conservative response to gender equality has shifted from a compromising acceptance to a rejection over time.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":" 38","pages":"1375 - 1392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1177/00219096231207897
Joe Maganga Zonda, Suchuan Yu
Despite the tremendous efforts to achieve universal health coverage in Malawi, progress has been trivial hitherto. This study uses logistic regression analysis in the context of Andersen’s behavioral model of healthcare utilization to investigate the determinants of antenatal care (ANC), skilled provider-assisted delivery, and facility-based delivery services among women aged 15–49 years in a resource-constrained country—Malawi. Our primary novelty lies in the construction of concentration indices and concentration curves to explore the drivers of socioeconomic inequalities in the context of Andersen’s model. Data from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004, 2010, and 2015 were used. Our results indicate that predisposing, enabling, and need factors have heterogeneous effects on the utilization of these services. While analysis of the inequalities generally reveals a downward trend, the poor–rich gap in ANC utilization remains exceptionally high. Moreover, decomposition analysis shows that the socioeconomic inequalities are almost exclusively driven by enabling factors, characterizing the observed inequalities as “inequities.”
{"title":"Social Gradient in Maternal Healthcare Utilization in Malawi: Analysis of Trends","authors":"Joe Maganga Zonda, Suchuan Yu","doi":"10.1177/00219096231207897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231207897","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the tremendous efforts to achieve universal health coverage in Malawi, progress has been trivial hitherto. This study uses logistic regression analysis in the context of Andersen’s behavioral model of healthcare utilization to investigate the determinants of antenatal care (ANC), skilled provider-assisted delivery, and facility-based delivery services among women aged 15–49 years in a resource-constrained country—Malawi. Our primary novelty lies in the construction of concentration indices and concentration curves to explore the drivers of socioeconomic inequalities in the context of Andersen’s model. Data from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004, 2010, and 2015 were used. Our results indicate that predisposing, enabling, and need factors have heterogeneous effects on the utilization of these services. While analysis of the inequalities generally reveals a downward trend, the poor–rich gap in ANC utilization remains exceptionally high. Moreover, decomposition analysis shows that the socioeconomic inequalities are almost exclusively driven by enabling factors, characterizing the observed inequalities as “inequities.”","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"9 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1177/00219096231207895
Ji Young Heo
This article addresses the question of whether there is a peaceful way to defuse the North Korean nuclear crisis by examining the process leading to the Iran nuclear deal. The European approach to resolve security crises based on its principles of multilateralism and the rule of law provides valuable insights for nuclear diplomacy with North Korea: (1) a nuclear-focus approach that dissociates nuclear negotiations from Iran’s other troublesome issues helps the country continue with discussions preventing a military conflict and (2) a multilateral framework with a mediator can guarantee that deals remain alive even if one party breaks away.
{"title":"The Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) and Implications for the North Korean Nuclear Crisis","authors":"Ji Young Heo","doi":"10.1177/00219096231207895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231207895","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the question of whether there is a peaceful way to defuse the North Korean nuclear crisis by examining the process leading to the Iran nuclear deal. The European approach to resolve security crises based on its principles of multilateralism and the rule of law provides valuable insights for nuclear diplomacy with North Korea: (1) a nuclear-focus approach that dissociates nuclear negotiations from Iran’s other troublesome issues helps the country continue with discussions preventing a military conflict and (2) a multilateral framework with a mediator can guarantee that deals remain alive even if one party breaks away.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"124 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1177/00219096231207889
Yashita Jain
Ravines of Chambal, which runs across the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, is a unique landform for India. This region of Chambal serves as the most complex topography of the country as it continues to suffer from excessive soil erosion and reduced agriculture productivity. This paper will seek to answer questions regarding the formation of ravines, the soil morphology, and the unique variations that can be witnessed in different regions of ravine-hit areas. This paper will also address how ravines pose a serious socio-economic threat to populations nearby and what can be successful measures to reclaim these lands to make them economically viable. The paper tries to culminate the discussion by mentioning a few policy areas, which need to be strengthened so that the ravines of Chambal become a land of high geo-touristic value.
{"title":"Chambal Ravines: A Unique Kind of Topography","authors":"Yashita Jain","doi":"10.1177/00219096231207889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231207889","url":null,"abstract":"Ravines of Chambal, which runs across the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, is a unique landform for India. This region of Chambal serves as the most complex topography of the country as it continues to suffer from excessive soil erosion and reduced agriculture productivity. This paper will seek to answer questions regarding the formation of ravines, the soil morphology, and the unique variations that can be witnessed in different regions of ravine-hit areas. This paper will also address how ravines pose a serious socio-economic threat to populations nearby and what can be successful measures to reclaim these lands to make them economically viable. The paper tries to culminate the discussion by mentioning a few policy areas, which need to be strengthened so that the ravines of Chambal become a land of high geo-touristic value.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"54 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1177/00219096231207890
Pintu Kabiraj
Using data from the National Crime Records Bureau and National Sample Survey data, this paper uses a spatial regression technique to examine the effect of intercaste inequality on caste-based violence in India. Our results show that when the socioeconomic gap between the upper and lower castes decreases, upper caste violence against the lower castes increases. This result is interpreted as the upper castes reacting to changes in threat perception caused by changes in the relative positions of these two groups.
{"title":"Inequality and Caste-Based Crime in India","authors":"Pintu Kabiraj","doi":"10.1177/00219096231207890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231207890","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from the National Crime Records Bureau and National Sample Survey data, this paper uses a spatial regression technique to examine the effect of intercaste inequality on caste-based violence in India. Our results show that when the socioeconomic gap between the upper and lower castes decreases, upper caste violence against the lower castes increases. This result is interpreted as the upper castes reacting to changes in threat perception caused by changes in the relative positions of these two groups.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"98 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1177/00219096231207882
Ejaz Karim
This article examines the various soft power strategies implemented by Saudi Arabia in Pakistan, with a particular focus on the role of religious and media institutions. Through financing the construction of mosques and religious schools, the Saudi government has been able to exert significant influence over the religious landscape in Pakistan. In addition, Saudi Arabia has also invested heavily in Pakistani media, through the establishment of news channels and funding for local media outlets. By cultivating these cultural and religious ties, Saudi Arabia has been able to gain a foothold in Pakistan and increase its soft power in the region. However, these efforts have not been without criticism, with many Pakistanis expressing concern about the potential negative impact of Saudi Arabian influence on their society. This article highlights the complex interplay between soft power and cultural imperialism in the modern world.
{"title":"From Mosque to Media: How Saudi Arabia Implements Its Soft Power Strategy in Pakistan","authors":"Ejaz Karim","doi":"10.1177/00219096231207882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231207882","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the various soft power strategies implemented by Saudi Arabia in Pakistan, with a particular focus on the role of religious and media institutions. Through financing the construction of mosques and religious schools, the Saudi government has been able to exert significant influence over the religious landscape in Pakistan. In addition, Saudi Arabia has also invested heavily in Pakistani media, through the establishment of news channels and funding for local media outlets. By cultivating these cultural and religious ties, Saudi Arabia has been able to gain a foothold in Pakistan and increase its soft power in the region. However, these efforts have not been without criticism, with many Pakistanis expressing concern about the potential negative impact of Saudi Arabian influence on their society. This article highlights the complex interplay between soft power and cultural imperialism in the modern world.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"6 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/00219096231207881
Lawrence Nwachukwu Okwuosa, Anuli Okoli
Going against their sacred calling, Catholic priests are using the pulpit to engage in partisan politics. This emerging trend has stirred mixed feelings. Exploring this new reality in the light of religion and social transformation, this paper argues that political preaching is religious obligation found in the Catholic Social Teachings and a positive response to social change. While this novelty faces a lot of challenges, this study shows different approaches to it and contributes to the scanty scholarship on Catholic priests’ involvement in Nigerian politics, especially as it concerns social transformation.
{"title":"Catholic Priests’ Involvement in Nigerian Politics: A Response to Social Change","authors":"Lawrence Nwachukwu Okwuosa, Anuli Okoli","doi":"10.1177/00219096231207881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231207881","url":null,"abstract":"Going against their sacred calling, Catholic priests are using the pulpit to engage in partisan politics. This emerging trend has stirred mixed feelings. Exploring this new reality in the light of religion and social transformation, this paper argues that political preaching is religious obligation found in the Catholic Social Teachings and a positive response to social change. While this novelty faces a lot of challenges, this study shows different approaches to it and contributes to the scanty scholarship on Catholic priests’ involvement in Nigerian politics, especially as it concerns social transformation.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"45 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While there are significant volumes of studies on Nigeria’s counterterrorism, little or no intellectual attention has focused on the nexus between rhetoric and the performance of the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari on counterterrorism. This paper explores the politicisation of insecurity and the government’s counterterrorism efforts. It draws on the performativity thesis and documented field data to make assessments of the administration’s counterterrorism measures. It found that the government could not bridge rhetoric with performance in its efforts at counterterrorism and concluded that its failure to mitigate terrorism hinges on the politicisation of insecurity in Nigeria.
{"title":"Between Rhetoric and Performance: The State and Counterterrorism in Nigeria’s Post-2015 Presidential Election","authors":"Nsemba Edward Lenshie, Buhari Shehu Miapyen, Confidence Nwachinemere Ogbonna, Kelechi Okengwu, Aminu Idris, Adamson Duncan Ganiyu","doi":"10.1177/00219096231207884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231207884","url":null,"abstract":"While there are significant volumes of studies on Nigeria’s counterterrorism, little or no intellectual attention has focused on the nexus between rhetoric and the performance of the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari on counterterrorism. This paper explores the politicisation of insecurity and the government’s counterterrorism efforts. It draws on the performativity thesis and documented field data to make assessments of the administration’s counterterrorism measures. It found that the government could not bridge rhetoric with performance in its efforts at counterterrorism and concluded that its failure to mitigate terrorism hinges on the politicisation of insecurity in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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