Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1177/00219096231200598
Jinchun Zhou
While there has been much research on the effect of religiosity on physical and mental health, the socioeconomic determinants of religiosity are not well understood. Using data from different waves of the World Values Survey, this paper analyzes the socioeconomic patterns and determinants of religiosity in nine Asian countries—China, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The analysis suggests that religiosity varies significantly with age and sex, as well as with relative income, absolute income, socioeconomic status, education, and employment status. There are large differences in “innate” religiosity across the nine countries even after controlling for these socioeconomic characteristics. The results thus suggest that some of the widely observed effects of religiosity on health in the literature may simply reflect the associations of religiosity with background variables like education and socioeconomic status.
{"title":"Understanding the Socioeconomic Determinants of Religiosity and Religious Participation in Asia","authors":"Jinchun Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00219096231200598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231200598","url":null,"abstract":"While there has been much research on the effect of religiosity on physical and mental health, the socioeconomic determinants of religiosity are not well understood. Using data from different waves of the World Values Survey, this paper analyzes the socioeconomic patterns and determinants of religiosity in nine Asian countries—China, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The analysis suggests that religiosity varies significantly with age and sex, as well as with relative income, absolute income, socioeconomic status, education, and employment status. There are large differences in “innate” religiosity across the nine countries even after controlling for these socioeconomic characteristics. The results thus suggest that some of the widely observed effects of religiosity on health in the literature may simply reflect the associations of religiosity with background variables like education and socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1177/00219096231197782
Jacques Elengemoke Mpilambo, Latief Abduraghiem, A. Sathiya Susuman
This study examined the trends and factors associated with early pregnancies and motherhood among young women in three sub-Saharan African countries: Malawi, Mali, and Niger. Descriptive and multivariate analyses showed that the prevalence of early childbearing declined significantly in all three countries between 2006 and 2016. Moreover, the determinants of age at first childbearing varied across these nations. It is crucial to implement programmes that encourage delaying the age of the first sexual debut. In addition, providing adolescent women with comprehensive knowledge about responsible and safer sex practices and motherhood is paramount in addressing this challenge.
{"title":"Early Pregnancy and Motherhood Among Young Women in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Analysis of Trends and Associated Factors","authors":"Jacques Elengemoke Mpilambo, Latief Abduraghiem, A. Sathiya Susuman","doi":"10.1177/00219096231197782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231197782","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the trends and factors associated with early pregnancies and motherhood among young women in three sub-Saharan African countries: Malawi, Mali, and Niger. Descriptive and multivariate analyses showed that the prevalence of early childbearing declined significantly in all three countries between 2006 and 2016. Moreover, the determinants of age at first childbearing varied across these nations. It is crucial to implement programmes that encourage delaying the age of the first sexual debut. In addition, providing adolescent women with comprehensive knowledge about responsible and safer sex practices and motherhood is paramount in addressing this challenge.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135743907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1177/00219096231200599
Bekalu Wachiso Gichamo
The present study explains the occurrence of violent killings and forced displacement of ethnically targeted groups, the Amhara in this case, through the direct influence of colonial narratives employed by fascist Italian colonizers and the indirect influence of radical Marxist political forces embracing Eurocentric education in their grasp of the Ethiopian local and indigenous situation. The study poses two major questions: What is the historical root behind the genesis of the hegemonic anti-Amhara discourse in Ethiopian politics? What are the consequences of this discourse? The study found out that Italy’s invented discourse of Amhara domination, unsubjected to critical mediation by Ethiopia’s political forces, has introduced a re-politicization of ethnicity to the politico-intellectual makeup of the country, which resulted, inter alia, in ongoing societal (in)securities of the Amhara population. In what seems to overcome these insecurity situations and fill the political representation void, the Amhara “defensive ethnonationalism” has emerged since 2015.
{"title":"The Perils of Colonial and Marxist Narratives in an Unconquered Lands: Ethnic-Based Killings and Evictions of the Amhara in Ethiopia","authors":"Bekalu Wachiso Gichamo","doi":"10.1177/00219096231200599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231200599","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explains the occurrence of violent killings and forced displacement of ethnically targeted groups, the Amhara in this case, through the direct influence of colonial narratives employed by fascist Italian colonizers and the indirect influence of radical Marxist political forces embracing Eurocentric education in their grasp of the Ethiopian local and indigenous situation. The study poses two major questions: What is the historical root behind the genesis of the hegemonic anti-Amhara discourse in Ethiopian politics? What are the consequences of this discourse? The study found out that Italy’s invented discourse of Amhara domination, unsubjected to critical mediation by Ethiopia’s political forces, has introduced a re-politicization of ethnicity to the politico-intellectual makeup of the country, which resulted, inter alia, in ongoing societal (in)securities of the Amhara population. In what seems to overcome these insecurity situations and fill the political representation void, the Amhara “defensive ethnonationalism” has emerged since 2015.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/00219096231197755
Gutema Yadesa Heyyi, Abebayehu Messele Mekonnen
Addis Ababa/Finfinne, the capital of Ethiopia, is currently among the most booming cities in Africa, using Amharic, the Federal working language of the country, as its lingua franca. Afan Oromo, another language with wider usage in the country, is also native to the indigenous Oromo community residing in the Sheger sub-cities surrounding Addis Ababa/Finfinne (SSSAA/F). This study (a) describes patterns of language use and (b) examines if and how the increasing urbanization of Addis Ababa/Finfinne affects language use and lingo-cultural identity among young people residing in SSSAA/F. A combination of descriptive quantitative and qualitative research design involving questionnaires, surveying of official reports, interviews and observation was employed. Data were collected from 151 adolescents (age: M = 18.22, SD = 1.31, range = 10 years; Male = 74, Female = 74) with diverse lingo-cultural backgrounds and analyzed statistically and thematically. Results showed that there has been an increasing pattern of diversity as well as total shifts toward an Amharic-based lingo-cultural identity due to urbanization. Such a phenomenon is only natural in the absence of a language policy that embraces diversity and averts the dominance of a certain lingo-cultural identity at the expense of others. The results, therefore, have policy and practical implications.
{"title":"Language Use and Lingo-Cultural Identity among Linguistically Diverse Young People in Sheger Sub-cities Surrounding the Capital City of Ethiopia","authors":"Gutema Yadesa Heyyi, Abebayehu Messele Mekonnen","doi":"10.1177/00219096231197755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231197755","url":null,"abstract":"Addis Ababa/Finfinne, the capital of Ethiopia, is currently among the most booming cities in Africa, using Amharic, the Federal working language of the country, as its lingua franca. Afan Oromo, another language with wider usage in the country, is also native to the indigenous Oromo community residing in the Sheger sub-cities surrounding Addis Ababa/Finfinne (SSSAA/F). This study (a) describes patterns of language use and (b) examines if and how the increasing urbanization of Addis Ababa/Finfinne affects language use and lingo-cultural identity among young people residing in SSSAA/F. A combination of descriptive quantitative and qualitative research design involving questionnaires, surveying of official reports, interviews and observation was employed. Data were collected from 151 adolescents (age: M = 18.22, SD = 1.31, range = 10 years; Male = 74, Female = 74) with diverse lingo-cultural backgrounds and analyzed statistically and thematically. Results showed that there has been an increasing pattern of diversity as well as total shifts toward an Amharic-based lingo-cultural identity due to urbanization. Such a phenomenon is only natural in the absence of a language policy that embraces diversity and averts the dominance of a certain lingo-cultural identity at the expense of others. The results, therefore, have policy and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1177/00219096231200596
Taglo Kassa
This study aims at exploring how the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) school environment and ritualized activities practiced by the students on a daily basis contribute to constructing their national identity. The data were drawn from ethnographic fieldwork involving observation of rituals and interviews with 83 informants. The findings show how the school system exposes the students to a diverse range of ritualized activities that help in the construction of national identity. The research contributes to the literature on national identity construction, specifically on ways of cultivating patriotism and national pride among school children.
{"title":"The Everyday Patriotism: Rituals and School Environment as Continual Reminders of National Identity","authors":"Taglo Kassa","doi":"10.1177/00219096231200596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231200596","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at exploring how the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) school environment and ritualized activities practiced by the students on a daily basis contribute to constructing their national identity. The data were drawn from ethnographic fieldwork involving observation of rituals and interviews with 83 informants. The findings show how the school system exposes the students to a diverse range of ritualized activities that help in the construction of national identity. The research contributes to the literature on national identity construction, specifically on ways of cultivating patriotism and national pride among school children.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the impact of population aging on personal income tax (PIT) revenue in Vietnam for the period 2014–2030. With the assumptions of a changing tax base and growing real gross domestic product (GDP), the total PIT revenue is projected to increase in absolute terms. However, the projected total PIT revenue as a percentage of GDP under an aging population and the counterfactual results (without aging population) show a negative impact on PIT revenue in the studied period.
{"title":"The Impact of Population Aging on Personal Income Tax Revenue in Vietnam","authors":"Hoang-Oanh Nguyen, Viet-Hung Nguyen, Thi-Bich-Ngoc Vu, Thanh-Long Giang","doi":"10.1177/00219096231200594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231200594","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of population aging on personal income tax (PIT) revenue in Vietnam for the period 2014–2030. With the assumptions of a changing tax base and growing real gross domestic product (GDP), the total PIT revenue is projected to increase in absolute terms. However, the projected total PIT revenue as a percentage of GDP under an aging population and the counterfactual results (without aging population) show a negative impact on PIT revenue in the studied period.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1177/00219096231200587
Hira Qureshi
This article contributes twofold to the international discussion on ‘gated communities as a living choice’. First, this study constructs a ‘living choice’ framework based on the physical, social, and economic characteristics of gated communities as established by the four key researchers. Next, the framework is applied to analyze the reasons for living within gated communities in Karachi, Pakistan. A cross-comparison of two gated communities employs post-occupancy household survey questionnaires from residents, and qualitative interviews with real estate developers, and community managers. The findings ascertain that security and lifestyle are the main values associated with living in gated communities in Karachi.
{"title":"Physical, Social and Economic Characteristics of Gated Communities for a Living Choice in Karachi-Pakistan: Comparative Analysis of Kaneez Fatima (CHS) and Naya Nazimabad","authors":"Hira Qureshi","doi":"10.1177/00219096231200587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231200587","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes twofold to the international discussion on ‘gated communities as a living choice’. First, this study constructs a ‘living choice’ framework based on the physical, social, and economic characteristics of gated communities as established by the four key researchers. Next, the framework is applied to analyze the reasons for living within gated communities in Karachi, Pakistan. A cross-comparison of two gated communities employs post-occupancy household survey questionnaires from residents, and qualitative interviews with real estate developers, and community managers. The findings ascertain that security and lifestyle are the main values associated with living in gated communities in Karachi.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1177/00219096231197753
Temesgen Eyilet Kebede, Getachew Senishaw Limeneh
The main aim of the study was to investigate the causes of cross-border land–based conflict along the Ethiopia–Sudan border in Metema Woreda borderlands. The study employed a qualitative research approach and thus in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions, and observation instruments of data collection were used. The study found out that the internal land administrative defects in Metema and the Ethiopian government land handover claims to the Sudanese investor have been among the reasons behind the conflict. In addition, the abundant availability of illicit firearms transaction in the area has intensified the land conflict. Moreover, the existence of the contested border with no clear demarcation between Ethiopia and Sudan also aggravates the conflict. Consequently, whenever land shortage occurs in Metema and there is a feeling of Ethiopia’s land confiscation by the Sudanese, the Ethiopian borderland farmers are forced to cross the border and farm on the land claimed by the Sudanese. Therefore, the symbolic land that people carry in their mind along with other internal land–related problems was the cause of the conflict. To sum up, the internal land–related problems along with the contested white line (the colonial border which was demarcated when Sudan was under British rule but remains unclear and contested) claims justify the reason for the cross-border conflict in the area.
{"title":"Conflict in the Contested Borderland: Land-Based Conflict Across the Ethiopia–Sudan Border in Metema <i>Woreda</i> Borderland, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Temesgen Eyilet Kebede, Getachew Senishaw Limeneh","doi":"10.1177/00219096231197753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231197753","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the study was to investigate the causes of cross-border land–based conflict along the Ethiopia–Sudan border in Metema Woreda borderlands. The study employed a qualitative research approach and thus in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions, and observation instruments of data collection were used. The study found out that the internal land administrative defects in Metema and the Ethiopian government land handover claims to the Sudanese investor have been among the reasons behind the conflict. In addition, the abundant availability of illicit firearms transaction in the area has intensified the land conflict. Moreover, the existence of the contested border with no clear demarcation between Ethiopia and Sudan also aggravates the conflict. Consequently, whenever land shortage occurs in Metema and there is a feeling of Ethiopia’s land confiscation by the Sudanese, the Ethiopian borderland farmers are forced to cross the border and farm on the land claimed by the Sudanese. Therefore, the symbolic land that people carry in their mind along with other internal land–related problems was the cause of the conflict. To sum up, the internal land–related problems along with the contested white line (the colonial border which was demarcated when Sudan was under British rule but remains unclear and contested) claims justify the reason for the cross-border conflict in the area.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1177/00219096231200593
Seungil Yum
This study sheds new light on understanding COVID-19 response in South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Zambia, and Zimbabwe by employing social network analysis for Twitter. This study finds that African countries have different social networks for COVID-19. For instance, news media play an important role in South Africa, governmental key players exert a significant impact on Nigeria, and African key players play a significant role in Ghana. The Ministries play a significant role in Kenya, institutes and organizations play a critical role in Zambia, and the Minister of Health and the President of Zimbabwe play an important role in Zimbabwe. Second, African countries show different social network systems according to groups. For example, Kenya shows the most active communication networks across groups, whereas Zambia shows the least communication networks across groups among the six countries. Third, African countries have different top-mentioned tweeters in the networks. For example, South Africa shows news media, Ghana and Zambia have international organizations, and Nigeria, Kenya, and Zimbabwe exhibit government institutes as the top-mentioned tweeter. Therefore, governments and policymakers should understand the characteristics of social networks of COVID-19 to cope with the pandemic effectively.
{"title":"Social Networks for COVID-19 Across Africa","authors":"Seungil Yum","doi":"10.1177/00219096231200593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231200593","url":null,"abstract":"This study sheds new light on understanding COVID-19 response in South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Zambia, and Zimbabwe by employing social network analysis for Twitter. This study finds that African countries have different social networks for COVID-19. For instance, news media play an important role in South Africa, governmental key players exert a significant impact on Nigeria, and African key players play a significant role in Ghana. The Ministries play a significant role in Kenya, institutes and organizations play a critical role in Zambia, and the Minister of Health and the President of Zimbabwe play an important role in Zimbabwe. Second, African countries show different social network systems according to groups. For example, Kenya shows the most active communication networks across groups, whereas Zambia shows the least communication networks across groups among the six countries. Third, African countries have different top-mentioned tweeters in the networks. For example, South Africa shows news media, Ghana and Zambia have international organizations, and Nigeria, Kenya, and Zimbabwe exhibit government institutes as the top-mentioned tweeter. Therefore, governments and policymakers should understand the characteristics of social networks of COVID-19 to cope with the pandemic effectively.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.1177/00219096231200597
Yanhong Xie, Shutian Zhou, Oberiri Destiny Apuke
This study examined the effect of interactive television-based visual art therapy and expressive arts therapy on the critical thinking skills of school children that survived abduction. A quasi-experiment was conducted among 470 school children in two secondary schools. The participants were divided into a control group ( N = 235) and experimental group ( N = 235). The experiment group was further divided into the art therapy group and the expressive art therapy group. We found that art therapy and expressive art therapy were effective in improving the critical thinking skills of the children who experienced kidnapping in Nigeria.
{"title":"The Effect of Interactive Television-Based Visual Arts and Expressive Arts Therapy on the Critical Thinking Skills of School Children that Survived Abduction","authors":"Yanhong Xie, Shutian Zhou, Oberiri Destiny Apuke","doi":"10.1177/00219096231200597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231200597","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of interactive television-based visual art therapy and expressive arts therapy on the critical thinking skills of school children that survived abduction. A quasi-experiment was conducted among 470 school children in two secondary schools. The participants were divided into a control group ( N = 235) and experimental group ( N = 235). The experiment group was further divided into the art therapy group and the expressive art therapy group. We found that art therapy and expressive art therapy were effective in improving the critical thinking skills of the children who experienced kidnapping in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":46881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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