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Pathways of front-line healthcare professionals’ information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in China COVID-19大流行期间一线医护人员的信息焦虑路径:中国的定性研究
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241261632
Quan Lu, Liang Tao, Xueying Peng, Jing Chen
Exploring information anxiety is critical to protecting the mental health of front-line healthcare professionals. Their information anxiety is impacted by interrelated conditions during public health emergencies, but existing studies have not confirmed the impact of the combination of conditions and clarified the pathways of information anxiety. Twenty-four healthcare professionals were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Qualitative Comparative Analysis was used to analyze necessary conditions and pathways of information anxiety. The results showed that information, environment, personal, and content were identified as antecedent conditions, and information quantity anxiety, information quality anxiety, and information content anxiety were identified as outcome conditions. Furthermore, information quality and social environment were necessary conditions. Spontaneous and extrinsic information anxiety were found based on pathways. Identifying conditions and pathways was essential for understanding the information anxiety of front-line healthcare professionals and providing evidence for medical institutions to take target measures in future public health emergencies.
探索信息焦虑对于保护一线医护人员的心理健康至关重要。在突发公共卫生事件中,他们的信息焦虑会受到相互关联的条件的影响,但现有的研究尚未证实这些条件组合的影响,也未阐明信息焦虑的途径。我们招募了 24 名医护人员进行半结构化访谈。采用定性比较分析法对信息焦虑的必要条件和途径进行了分析。结果显示,信息、环境、个人和内容被确定为前因条件,信息数量焦虑、信息质量焦虑和信息内容焦虑被确定为结果条件。此外,信息质量和社会环境是必要条件。自发信息焦虑和外在信息焦虑是基于路径发现的。确定条件和途径对于了解一线医护人员的信息焦虑至关重要,并为医疗机构在未来突发公共卫生事件中采取针对性措施提供证据。
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引用次数: 0
Patient held medical records in public hospitals in Bulawayo 布拉瓦约公立医院患者持有的医疗记录
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241262310
Prince Kudakwashe Madziwa, Mehluli Masuku
The purpose of the study was to examine the use and handling of PHMRs by patients and the clinical staff at public hospitals in the Bulawayo Province. The study employed a qualitative research methodology in which open ended questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were collected from doctors, nurses, records clerks and patients at 2 of the 4 targeted major public hospitals in Bulawayo, giving a total of 150 participants. This study revealed that PHMRs contained vital patient health information such as diagnosis, patient name, and prescribed medications. PHMRs did not have an official uniform structure, and patients used whatever booklets that were affordable to them. In some cases, patients used pieces of paper, although this was not encouraged. PHMRs were considered as legal records that are admissible in courts of law on the basis of them being authenticated by dating, officially stamped and signed by the attending medical practitioner. However, there were cases of unlawful manipulation of PHMRs through editing by patients, and in some cases, documentation incompleteness of the PHMR. The study further found out that the biggest challenge faced in the use of PHMRs was their loss by patients, which negatively impacted health care service delivery. The study recommends that patients be continuously educated about the importance of, and effectively managing their PHMRs for the purposes of continued health care delivery and accessibility. The study further recommended the use of structured hospital-designed booklets that patients can purchase at the hospital. This would avoid the use of any type of book/booklets and pieces of paper. The Ministry of Health and Child Health Care in Zimbabwe needs to consider introducing personalised electronic health records as alternatives to physical PHMRs.
本研究的目的是考察布拉瓦约省公立医院的病人和临床工作人员使用和处理 PHMR 的情况。研究采用了定性研究方法,通过开放式问卷收集数据。数据收集对象包括布拉瓦约 4 家主要公立医院中 2 家医院的医生、护士、记录员和患者,共计 150 人。这项研究显示,公共健康管理记录包含重要的病人健康信息,如诊断、病人姓名和处方药。PHMR 没有正式的统一结构,病人使用他们负担得起的任何小册子。在某些情况下,病人使用纸片,尽管这种做法并不被鼓励。医生健康管理记录被视为法律记录,可在法庭上被采纳,因为这些记录有日期、正式印章和主治医生的签名。然而,也有病人通过编辑非法篡改 PHMR 的情况,在某些情况下,PHMR 的文件不完整。研究还发现,使用 PHMR 面临的最大挑战是病人丢失 PHMR,这对医疗保健服务的提供产生了负面影响。研究建议,应不断向患者宣传 PHMR 的重要性,并有效管理 PHMR,以便持续提供医疗保健服务,使患者能够获得医疗保健服务。研究还建议使用医院设计的结构化小册子,患者可在医院购买。这将避免使用任何类型的书籍/小册子和纸片。津巴布韦卫生和儿童保健部需要考虑引入个性化电子健康记录,以替代实体 PHMR。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in accessing digital resources among visually impaired (VI) students at the University of Nairobi Library 内罗毕大学图书馆视障(VI)学生获取数字资源的挑战
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241259083
Carolyne Cherotich, Kirwa Priscah Cheptoo, Rogers Matikho Obare
This study aimed to establish the challenges that visually impaired (VI) students face when accessing digital resources at the University of Nairobi Library. A descriptive survey design was used with a sample of 20 VI students and 5 key informant librarians. Data was collected through questionnaires. The findings revealed that the major challenges faced by VI students in accessing digital resources included inadequate Braille materials and learning resources, difficulty grasping and typing information, lack of digital skills, negative attitudes from peers, high internet costs, and lack of adaptive technologies. To overcome these challenges, VI students relied heavily on sighted friends for assistance and sought encouragement from family and tutors. Recommendations include increasing Braille and adaptive technologies in the library, training librarians on assisting VI students, adding audio capabilities to resources, creating inclusive and adaptive spaces, and reducing internet costs. The study concludes that VI students face significant barriers in accessing digital resources equitably and need improved services and assistive technologies to enhance their academic achievement and independence. This study provides insight into the information needs of an underserved population and ways academic libraries can better support inclusion and accessibility.
本研究旨在确定视障(VI)学生在访问内罗毕大学图书馆数字资源时所面临的挑战。研究采用了描述性调查设计,样本包括 20 名视障学生和 5 名主要信息提供者图书馆员。数据是通过问卷调查收集的。调查结果显示,视障学生在获取数字资源时面临的主要挑战包括盲文材料和学习资源不足、掌握和输入信息困难、缺乏数字技能、同学的消极态度、网络费用高昂以及缺乏适应性技术。为了克服这些挑战,视障学生主要依靠视力正常的朋友提供帮助,并寻求家人和辅导老师的鼓励。建议包括在图书馆增加盲文和自适应技术,培训图书馆员如何帮助视障学生,在资源中增加音频功能,创建包容性和自适应空间,以及降低网络费用。研究得出结论,视障学生在公平获取数字资源方面面临巨大障碍,需要改进服务和辅助技术来提高他们的学业成绩和独立性。这项研究深入探讨了得不到充分服务的人群的信息需求,以及学术图书馆如何更好地支持包容性和无障碍环境。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding patients’ doctor choice behavior: Elaboration likelihood perspective 了解患者选择医生的行为:阐述可能性视角
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241259126
Junhui Yan, Changyong Liang, Dong-xiao Gu, Keyu Zhu, Peiyu Zhou
The rise of health 2.0 technologies has led to an increasing number of patients seeking medical advice in online health communities. This has ignited scholarly interest in exploring patients’ online doctor choice behaviors. While many researchers have examined the various determinants that impact this decision-making process, relatively few have delved into doctors’ functional quality embedded in doctor-patient interactions, and fewer have considered the role of patient health literacy. Thus, this study focuses on doctors’ functional quality, online reputation, and patient health literacy. Grounded in the Elaboration Likelihood Model and service quality theory, this study analyzes 143,895 doctor-patient text interactions involving 764 doctors. Results indicate that both functional quality and online reputation significantly influence patients’ choices of doctors. Additionally, patient health literacy moderates the impact of doctors’ online reputation on patient decisions. The findings contribute theoretical insights for researchers and practical implications for doctors and platform administrators.
随着健康 2.0 技术的兴起,越来越多的患者在网上健康社区寻求医疗建议。这激发了学者们探索患者在线选择医生行为的兴趣。虽然许多研究人员已经研究了影响这一决策过程的各种决定因素,但相对较少研究医患互动中医生的职能质量,也较少考虑患者健康素养的作用。因此,本研究重点关注医生的职能质量、网络声誉和患者的健康素养。本研究以阐释可能性模型和服务质量理论为基础,分析了涉及 764 名医生的 143895 次医患文本互动。结果表明,功能质量和网络声誉对患者选择医生有显著影响。此外,患者的健康素养会调节医生的网络声誉对患者决策的影响。研究结果为研究人员提供了理论见解,也为医生和平台管理员提供了实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Research trends in library and information science research in Tanzania, 1990–2023 1990-2023 年坦桑尼亚图书馆与信息科学研究趋势
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241261600
M. Kassim
This study aimed to analyze the trends in library and information science (LIS) research in Tanzania from 1990 to 2023. A descriptive research design utilizing a content analysis approach was employed to analyze data sourced from Google Scholar during the specified period. The study identified an overall fluctuating trend in LIS research, with a shift in research focus from information-seeking to other areas within the LIS domain. The predominant methodologies observed in most LIS studies were descriptive research design and a mixed methods approach. The study further highlighted a dynamic pattern in research collaboration, albeit with limited international collaboration. Additionally, there was a noticeable underrepresentation of female researchers in the LIS field, as evidenced by the scarcity of publications authored solely by women. The University of Dar es Salaam, Sokoine University of Agriculture, and Mzumbe University emerged as the top three institutions contributing to LIS research. While most LIS researchers published their work in the University of Dar es Salaam Library journal, there was a growing tendency to also publish in other similar international journals. Overall, this study contributes to the existing literature on LIS research trends, emphasizing the evolving nature of LIS research in Tanzania. It also underscores the importance of Tanzanian LIS researchers to actively seek international collaborations to enhance the impact of their research and further advance the field on a global scale.
本研究旨在分析 1990 年至 2023 年期间坦桑尼亚图书馆与信息科学(LIS)的研究趋势。本研究采用描述性研究设计,利用内容分析法对特定时期谷歌学者(Google Scholar)提供的数据进行了分析。研究发现,LIS 研究总体呈波动趋势,研究重点从信息搜索转向 LIS 领域的其他方面。大多数 LIS 研究采用的主要方法是描述性研究设计和混合方法。研究进一步突出了研究合作的动态模式,尽管国际合作有限。此外,女性研究人员在 LIS 领域的代表性明显不足,这一点从很少有仅由女性撰写的出版物中可见一斑。达累斯萨拉姆大学、索科因农业大学和姆祖姆贝大学是对 LIS 研究贡献最大的三所机构。虽然大多数 LIS 研究人员都在达累斯萨拉姆大学图书馆期刊上发表作品,但在其他类似国际期刊上发表作品的趋势也在不断加强。总之,本研究为现有的关于 LIS 研究趋势的文献做出了贡献,强调了坦桑尼亚 LIS 研究不断发展的性质。它还强调了坦桑尼亚 LIS 研究人员积极寻求国际合作的重要性,以提高其研究的影响力,并在全球范围内进一步推动该领域的发展。
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引用次数: 0
A unified theoretical model for understanding mobile application usage behavior supported with real usage data 利用真实使用数据理解移动应用使用行为的统一理论模型
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241257191
Nurullah Tas, Farid Huseynov, B. Kose
Technological advancements have added numerous features to smartphones, enhancing our daily lives through various apps. But with so many apps out there, picking the right one can be tough. Plus, developing an app requires a lot of money and time, risking losses if it doesn't attract users. This study looks into how users are influenced by others’ opinions and experiences when choosing and sticking with an app. Three theories–Social Impact Theory (SIT), Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM), and Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2)–are combined to explain the process from download to continued use. Real mobile app usage data was analyzed. Results from 912 surveys and 87 real usage records show that people are swayed by download numbers, star ratings, and user satisfaction. The number of sources, immediacy, and power affect social impact. Social impact, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, price, habit, and confirmation also influence continued use intention. On average, people spend 2197 s daily on smartphones. Tools & Productivity is the most popular category, with an average of 29 apps used daily. These apps have 100M + downloads on average and a 4-star rating. The findings offer valuable insights for developers and marketers on what makes an app preferable and actively used among many choices.
技术进步为智能手机增添了众多功能,通过各种应用程序改善了我们的日常生活。但是,面对如此众多的应用程序,挑选一款合适的应用程序可能很困难。此外,开发一款应用程序需要大量的资金和时间,如果不能吸引用户,就有可能造成损失。本研究探讨了用户在选择和坚持使用一款应用程序时如何受到他人意见和经验的影响。三种理论--社会影响理论(SIT)、期望-确认模型(ECM)和技术接受和使用扩展统一理论(UTAUT2)--被结合起来解释从下载到持续使用的过程。对真实的移动应用程序使用数据进行了分析。来自 912 项调查和 87 项真实使用记录的结果显示,人们会被下载次数、星级评价和用户满意度所左右。来源的数量、即时性和威力会影响社会影响力。社会影响、享乐动机、便利条件、价格、习惯和确认也会影响继续使用的意愿。人们平均每天在智能手机上花费 2197 秒。工具和生产力是最受欢迎的类别,平均每天使用 29 个应用程序。这些应用程序的平均下载量超过 1 亿次,并获得了 4 星评级。这些发现为开发人员和营销人员提供了宝贵的见解,让他们了解在众多选择中,是什么使应用程序受到青睐并得到积极使用。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of applying digital process innovation to farm management on farmer welfare: A multiple case study 将数字流程创新应用于农场管理对农民福利的影响:多案例研究
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241258920
Watanyoo Suksa-ngiam, Tamir Bechor
Thailand's agricultural sector is the lowest-paying sector. Research on digital process innovation is needed in Thailand, where specific contexts are critical in filling the literature gap. This study investigates how digital process innovations can enhance farmers’ welfare. The research method is a multiple-case study with three cases. A multiple-case study can answer how and why questions and provide analytic generalizations. Case 1 was a GIS decision support system. Cases 2 and 3 were IoT-based farming systems. The Thai government supported all the cases. These cases utilized IT to facilitate digital process innovations as farm management concepts, such as agricultural safety, crop suitability, demand-driven agriculture, farmer networks, multi-cropping, smart farming, and precision agriculture. These cases were investigated independently and then integrated into a synthesized data model. The study collected data from 32 participants, including developers who invented the cases, mid-tier employees and local government officers who facilitated the use of the cases, user farmers who used the cases, and non-user farmers who grew the same crop but did not use the cases and served as the control group for each case. The data model demonstrates how advancements in digital process innovations impact farmers’ welfare. Additionally, this study makes theoretical and practical recommendations.
泰国的农业部门是收入最低的部门。泰国需要对数字流程创新进行研究,其具体背景对填补文献空白至关重要。本研究探讨了数字流程创新如何提高农民福利。研究方法是对三个案例进行多案例研究。多案例研究可以回答 "如何 "和 "为什么 "的问题,并提供分析概括。案例 1 是地理信息系统决策支持系统。案例 2 和 3 是基于物联网的农业系统。泰国政府为所有案例提供了支持。这些案例利用信息技术促进数字流程创新,作为农业管理概念,如农业安全、作物适宜性、需求驱动型农业、农民网络、多作物种植、智能农业和精准农业。对这些案例进行了独立调查,然后整合成一个综合数据模型。研究收集了 32 位参与者的数据,包括发明案例的开发人员、促进案例使用的中层员工和地方政府官员、使用案例的用户农民,以及种植相同作物但未使用案例的非用户农民,他们作为每个案例的对照组。数据模型展示了数字流程创新的进步如何影响农民的福利。此外,本研究还提出了理论和实践建议。
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引用次数: 0
Acceptance and use of artificial intelligence and AI-based applications in education: A meta-analysis and future direction 人工智能和基于人工智能的应用在教育领域的接受和使用情况:荟萃分析与未来方向
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241257206
Irfan Ali, N. Warraich, Khadija Butt
The aim of present study was to measure the relationship of UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) and TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) variables regarding AI technology and AI-based applications acceptance in education sector. Research was carried out by using PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) guidelines. The relevant studies were searched from major databases that included a) Scopus, and b) Web of Science. Initial search retrieved 309 titles, and 30 relevant articles and conference papers were selected following the search process. Data was analysed using CMA (Comprehensive Meta-analysis) and Meta-Essential software. Findings exhibit that the relationship between UTAUT variables and BI to accept AI and AI-based applications in education was high (PE → BI), medium (EE → BI, SI → BI), and low (FC → BI). The magnitude of the relationship of TAM constructs remained high for all paths (PU → AT, PEOU → AT, PU → BI, and PEOU → BI). Theoretically, this meta-analysis provided a panoramic picture of two leading technology acceptance models regarding the acceptance/adoption of AI and AI-based technology in education sector. This meta-analysis provided a way forward for researchers to extend research on AI-based applications including ChatGPT, intelligent tutoring, AI-based robots, AI-based Chatbots, and AI-based voice assistants. Practically, findings are useful for IT companies, and decision makers of educational institutes in designing and implementing AI and AI-based applications.
本研究旨在衡量UTAUT(技术接受与使用统一理论)和TAM(技术接受模型)变量与人工智能技术和教育领域人工智能应用接受度之间的关系。研究采用了 PRISMA(系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南。相关研究在主要数据库中进行了搜索,包括 a) Scopus 和 b) Web of Science。初步搜索共检索到 309 个标题,根据搜索过程筛选出 30 篇相关文章和会议论文。使用 CMA(综合元分析)和 Meta-Essential 软件对数据进行了分析。研究结果表明,UTAUT变量与接受人工智能和基于人工智能的教育应用的BI之间的关系为高(PE→BI)、中(EE→BI、SI→BI)和低(FC→BI)。在所有路径(PU → AT、PEOU → AT、PU → BI 和 PEOU → BI)中,TAM 构建的关系程度仍然很高。从理论上讲,这项荟萃分析提供了有关教育领域接受/采用人工智能和基于人工智能的技术的两个主要技术接受模型的全景图。这项荟萃分析为研究人员扩展人工智能应用(包括 ChatGPT、智能辅导、人工智能机器人、人工智能聊天机器人和人工智能语音助手)的研究提供了前进方向。实际上,研究结果对信息技术公司和教育机构的决策者设计和实施人工智能和基于人工智能的应用非常有用。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of personal factors on resistance to technology adoption in university libraries in Bangladesh 个人因素对孟加拉国大学图书馆采用技术的阻力的影响
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241257196
Md. Habibur Rahman, Azree Bin Ahmad, Mohd Zool Hilmie Bin Mohamed Sawal
This research explores the impact of personal factors on resistance to technology adoption in university libraries in Bangladesh, particularly among LIS (Library and Information Science) professionals. The study aims to reveal specific challenges and opportunities influencing attitudes toward technology integration, offering a nuanced understanding of resistance factors in this unique cultural and educational context. Through a qualitative case study with 21 LIS professionals from seven university libraries, conducted via semi-structured interviews guided by a questionnaire, recurring themes such as fear of job displacement, perceived technological self-efficacy, and concerns about disruptions to workflows emerge. Fear of job displacement refers to professionals’ apprehension about potential job loss due to technological advancements, while perceived technological self-efficacy reflects individuals’ confidence in using and adapting to new technologies. Concerns about disruptions to workflows highlight worries regarding the impact of technology implementation on existing work processes. Despite challenges, participants acknowledge potential benefits, emphasizing improved services. The study advocates for crucial strategies like comprehensive training programs and inclusive decision-making processes to alleviate resistance. This research provides a focused exploration, original insights, and practical value for advancing technology adoption in university libraries in Bangladesh, contributing to a deeper comprehension of complexities in technology integration within academic institutions.
本研究探讨了个人因素对孟加拉国大学图书馆采用技术的阻力的影响,特别是对 LIS(图书馆与信息科学)专业人员的影响。本研究旨在揭示影响人们对技术集成态度的具体挑战和机遇,从而对这一独特文化和教育背景下的阻力因素有一个细致入微的了解。通过对来自七所大学图书馆的 21 名图书馆与信息科学专业人员进行半结构式访谈,并在问卷调查的指导下开展定性案例研究,我们发现了一些反复出现的主题,如担心工作被取代、感知到的技术自我效能以及对工作流程中断的担忧。对工作被取代的恐惧是指专业人员对技术进步可能导致失业的担忧,而技术自我效能感则反映了个人对使用和适应新技术的信心。对工作流程中断的担忧突出了技术实施对现有工作流程的影响。尽管存在挑战,但参与者承认潜在的益处,并强调了服务的改善。该研究提倡采取全面培训计划和包容性决策过程等重要策略来减轻阻力。这项研究为推动孟加拉国大学图书馆的技术应用提供了重点探索、独到见解和实用价值,有助于加深对学术机构内技术整合复杂性的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Research on content analysis and quality evaluation for online reviews of new energy vehicles 新能源汽车网络评论内容分析与质量评价研究
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241257186
Xiaoguang Wang, Tao Lv, Rongjiang Cai, Xu Deng
The development of China's new energy vehicle industry has been gradually transformed from past policy support to the survival of enterprises determined by the market, which forces the new energy vehicle industry to accelerate towards the market-oriented direction. We collected review data from online automotive forums and generated a corpus after pre-processing. Next, we extracted the statistical and topic semantic features of online reviews for new energy vehicles and clarified the quality evaluation indicators for online reviews. Then, the entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used to determine the indicators’ weights and assign values to the quality of online reviews. Finally, the quality scoring rules of online reviews were sorted out from multidimensional perspectives. The research results have shown that the statistical features and topic semantic features of online reviews on new energy vehicles can be used as evaluation indicators to construct a quality evaluation system. It was also found that the quality scores of lower-priced vehicle reviews tend to be consistent in different price groups, while the quality scores of mid-priced vehicle reviews are the most dispersed. The quality of online reviews varies significantly among other groups or models. The study results provide a simple criterion for consumers’ cognition of the value of online reviews. The results will enhance the ability of new energy vehicle companies to carry out online marketing with the help of online reviews and transform the purchase intention of potential consumers into actual purchase behavior.
中国新能源汽车产业的发展已由过去的政策扶持逐步转变为由市场决定企业的生存,这迫使新能源汽车产业加速向市场化方向发展。我们从在线汽车论坛中收集评论数据,经过预处理后生成语料库。接着,我们提取了新能源汽车在线评论的统计特征和主题语义特征,明确了在线评论的质量评价指标。然后,利用熵权-TOPSIS 方法确定指标权重,并对网络评论质量进行赋值。最后,从多维角度梳理了网络评论质量评分规则。研究结果表明,新能源汽车网络评论的统计特征和主题语义特征可以作为评价指标,构建质量评价体系。研究还发现,在不同价格组别中,低价位汽车评论的质量得分趋于一致,而中价位汽车评论的质量得分最为分散。在其他组别或车型中,在线评论的质量差异很大。研究结果为消费者认知在线评论的价值提供了一个简单的标准。该结果将提升新能源汽车企业借助网络评论开展网络营销的能力,并将潜在消费者的购买意向转化为实际购买行为。
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