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Exploring the next generation Internet of Things (IoT) requirements and applications: A comprehensive overview 探索下一代物联网(IoT)的要求和应用:全面概述
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241267852
Ogagaoghene Uzezi Idhalama, John Otieno Oredo
This research abstract provides a comprehensive overview of exploring the requirements and applications of the next generation Internet of Things (IoT). The study which used thorough literature review as methodology, involved a systematic search of relevant academic databases, such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, using keywords such as “Internet of Things,” “next-generation IoT,” “IoT requirements,” and “IoT applications.” The search was limited to peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and book chapters published within the last ten years to ensure the inclusion of the most recent and relevant information. It focused on identifying the key requirements for the next generation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, evaluating the current state of IoT applications and identify areas of improvement for future generations, investigating the potential impact of next-generation IoT on various industries and sectors. Other objectives of the study are: analysing the data security and privacy challenges that may arise with the implementation of next-generation IoT technologies, examining the potential environmental impact of next-generation IoT devices and propose sustainable solutions, investigating the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for enhancing the capabilities of IoT applications and the future perspectives of internet of things. Additionally, the research delves into the diverse range of applications that can benefit from the next generation IoT. These applications span across industries such as healthcare, agriculture, transportation, and smart cities. The IoT enables improved efficiency, automation of processes, and better decision-making in various sectors. The findings highlight the need for holistic approaches to address the requirements and challenges of the next generation IoT. By focusing on interoperability, standardization, security, and data management, researchers and industry professionals can ensure the continued success and advancements of the IoT.
本研究摘要全面概述了下一代物联网(IoT)的需求和应用。本研究采用全面的文献综述作为研究方法,使用 "物联网"、"下一代物联网"、"物联网需求 "和 "物联网应用 "等关键词对 Scopus、IEEE Xplore 和 ACM 数字图书馆等相关学术数据库进行了系统搜索。搜索仅限于过去十年内出版的同行评审期刊文章、会议论文集和书籍章节,以确保包含最新的相关信息。研究的重点是确定下一代物联网(IoT)技术的关键要求,评估物联网应用的现状,确定下一代物联网的改进领域,调查下一代物联网对各行业和领域的潜在影响。这项研究的其他目标包括:分析实施下一代物联网技术可能带来的数据安全和隐私挑战;研究下一代物联网设备对环境的潜在影响,并提出可持续的解决方案;调查人工智能和机器学习算法在提高物联网应用能力方面的应用情况,以及物联网的未来前景。此外,研究还深入探讨了可从下一代物联网中受益的各种应用。这些应用涉及医疗保健、农业、交通和智能城市等多个行业。物联网可提高各行业的效率、实现流程自动化和更好的决策。研究结果突出表明,需要采用整体方法来应对下一代物联网的要求和挑战。通过关注互操作性、标准化、安全性和数据管理,研究人员和行业专业人士可以确保物联网的持续成功和进步。
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引用次数: 0
‘Traditional or critical’?: Reflections on information literacy in the Philippines 传统还是批判?对菲律宾信息扫盲的思考
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241268238
Yhna Therese P. Santos
Ever since the coining of the term ‘information literacy’ in 1974, various conceptions, models, frameworks, and measures have been crafted in its discourse. This article reflects on how contemporary global information literacy conceptions, initiatives, and trends influence information literacy education and practice in the Philippines and proposes a reframing of information literacy practices in order to be more responsive to the evolving information landscape.
自 1974 年提出 "信息素养 "一词以来,各种概念、模式、框架和措施在其论述中不 断出现。本文反思了当代全球信息素养概念、倡议和趋势如何影响菲律宾的信息素养教育和实践,并建议重新构建信息素养实践,以更好地应对不断变化的信息环境。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media adoption for agricultural development: Insights from smallholders in central Vietnam 采用社交媒体促进农业发展:越南中部小农的见解
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241261355
Tran Cao Uy, Budsara Limnirankul, Prathanthip Kramol, Le Thi Hoa Sen, Hoang Gia Hung, Sukit Kanjina, Ruth Sirisunyaluck
The advent of digital social media has revolutionized interpersonal interactions and effectively facilitated the dissemination of information within the agricultural sector. To contribute novel insights into the adoption of social media for agricultural development, the research explores the adoption and influencing factors among smallholders in Central Vietnam. A randomized sample of 442 smallholder households in Quang Tri province were selected and surveyed by using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics using SPSS 20.0 and Ordered Logit Regression using Stata to explore the adoption and factors influencing social media adoption among smallholders. Findings indicate widespread adoption, particularly on Facebook and YouTube of smallholders. They utilized social media platforms either simultaneously or separately with limited frequency. Various adoption purposes were found, primarily for accessing agricultural knowledge or technical tutorials from social networks and extension agencies, and seeking agricultural product consumption help. Higher adoption was linked to more digital information access and device ownership, better education, and larger farms. Conversely, older age and crop-focused farming to lower adoption rates (p < 5%). The study highlights the potential for education and extension agencies to use social media, especially Facebook and YouTube for knowledge sharing and product consumption support among smallholder farmers. The study identifies key factors in social media adoption, advising agricultural agencies to target demographics like the elderly, less educated individuals, crop-focused farmers, and those with smaller land holdings. Promoting digital information access and farmer organization participation is essential for boosting social media adoption.
数字社交媒体的出现彻底改变了人际交往,有效促进了农业领域的信息传播。为了对采用社交媒体促进农业发展提出新的见解,本研究探讨了越南中部小农户采用社交媒体的情况及其影响因素。研究随机抽取了广治省的 442 个小农户,并通过结构化问卷进行了调查。数据分析包括使用 SPSS 20.0 进行描述性统计和使用 Stata 进行有序 Logit 回归,以探讨小农户采用社交媒体的情况及其影响因素。研究结果表明,小农户广泛采用社交媒体,尤其是 Facebook 和 YouTube。他们同时或分别使用社交媒体平台,但使用频率有限。他们采用社交媒体的目的多种多样,主要是为了从社交网络和推广机构获取农业知识或技术指导,以及寻求农产品消费帮助。较高的采用率与更多的数字信息获取途径和设备拥有量、较高的教育程度和较大的农场有关。相反,年龄较大和专注于农作物种植的采用率较低(p <5%)。该研究强调了教育和推广机构利用社交媒体,特别是 Facebook 和 YouTube 在小农中进行知识共享和产品消费支持的潜力。该研究指出了采用社交媒体的关键因素,建议农业机构针对老年人、受教育程度较低的个人、以作物为重点的农民以及土地占有量较小的农民等人口群体开展工作。促进数字信息的获取和农民组织的参与对于推动社交媒体的采用至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the use of technology in improving access to education for internally displaced children in Nigeria: A review 探索利用技术改善尼日利亚境内流离失所儿童的受教育机会:综述
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241268228
Christie Bola Elegbede, Kikelomo Oluwayemisi Adedotun, Akolade Olubunmi Lapite, Ogagaoghene Uzezi Idhalama, Oyaziwo Aluede
The ongoing conflicts and instability in various regions of Nigeria have resulted in a growing number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), including a significant population of children. These displaced children face significant barriers in accessing quality education, which is crucial for their personal development, social integration, and future prospects. This literature review aims to explore the potential of technology in improving access to education for internally displaced children in Nigeria. The review examines the current landscape of access to education for internally displaced children in Nigeria, explores, the role of technology in addressing the educational needs of internally displaced children, analyzes innovative technological interventions implemented in Nigeria to improve access to education for internally displaced children, assesses the effectiveness and sustainability of technology-based educational initiatives targeting internally displaced children. Other objectives include identifying the policy and infrastructure requirements necessary for the successful implementation of technology-based initiatives for internally displaced children, identifying the specific challenges and barriers faced by internally displaced children in accessing quality education in Nigeria and making recommendations for the Nigerian Government. The review synthesizes findings from both academic literature and practical case studies, highlighting successful initiatives and best practices in using technology to improve educational access for internally displaced children. The findings of this literature review are expected to inform policymakers, educational stakeholders, and humanitarian organizations on the role of technology in addressing the educational needs of internally displaced children in Nigeria. The review provides recommendations for the development and implementation of technology-driven educational programs that are tailored to the unique circumstances and requirements of this population, ultimately contributing to the goal of providing equitable access to quality education for all.
尼日利亚各地区持续不断的冲突和不稳定导致国内流离失所者(IDP)人数不断增 加,其中包括大量儿童。这些流离失所的儿童在获得优质教育方面面临巨大障碍,而优质教育对他们的个人发展、社会融合和未来前景至关重要。本文献综述旨在探讨技术在改善尼日利亚境内流离失所儿童受教育机会方面的潜力。综述研究了尼日利亚境内流离失所儿童受教育的现状,探讨了技术在满足境内流离失所儿童教育需求方面的作用,分析了尼日利亚为改善境内流离失所儿童受教育机会而实施的创新技术干预措施,评估了针对境内流离失所儿童的技术教育举措的有效性和可持续性。其他目标包括确定成功实施针对境内流离失所儿童的技术倡议所需的政策和基础设施要求,确定尼日利亚境内流离失所儿童在获得优质教育方面面临的具体挑战和障碍,并向尼日利亚政府提出建议。审查综合了学术文献和实际案例研究的结果,突出强调了利用技术改善境内流离失所儿童受教育机会的成功举措和最佳做法。本文献综述的结论有望为政策制定者、教育利益相关者和人道主义组织提供信息,帮助他们了解技术在满足尼日利亚境内流离失所儿童教育需求方面的作用。该综述为制定和实施以技术为驱动的教育计划提供了建议,这些计划应适合这一群体的独特情况和要求,最终有助于实现为所有人提供公平接受优质教育机会的目标。
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引用次数: 0
The use of artificial intelligence in university libraries in Türkiye: Practices, and perspectives of library directors 图尔基耶大学图书馆对人工智能的使用:图书馆馆长的实践与观点
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241264743
Tolga Çakmak, Şahika Eroğlu
Considering the fundamental role of libraries in social integration and information services, adapting service and business processes in parallel with technological advances is a crucial agenda. The impact and use of artificial intelligence technology in processes such as cataloging, content indexing, and responding to user requests have been extensively discussed in the information science literature in recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the practices and perspectives of library directors related to the use of artificial intelligence in the services and operations of university libraries in Türkiye. Evaluations related to the impact and use of artificial intelligence applications in the services and operations of university libraries were assessed based on the views of 43 university library directors in Türkiye. The perspectives of library directors reveal that improvements are needed in budget and technical infrastructure, human resources and training, data management, and ethical use to implement AI applications in university libraries in Türkiye.
考虑到图书馆在社会融合和信息服务中的基础性作用,随着技术进步调整服务和业务流程是一项至关重要的议程。近年来,信息科学文献广泛讨论了人工智能技术在编目、内容索引和响应用户请求等流程中的影响和应用。本研究旨在调查图尔基耶大学图书馆馆长在服务和运营中使用人工智能的相关实践和观点。根据土耳其 43 位大学图书馆馆长的观点,对人工智能应用在大学图书馆服务和运营中的影响和使用进行了评估。图书馆馆长们的观点表明,要在土耳其的大学图书馆实施人工智能应用,需要在预算和技术基础设施、人力资源和培训、数据管理以及道德使用等方面进行改进。
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引用次数: 0
Good tools are essential to do the job: A study of impact of digital competencies on innovative work behavior of Chinese remote work employees 工作离不开好工具:数字化能力对中国远程工作员工创新工作行为的影响研究
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241264748
Zhe Liu, Xuan Chen, Yan Ni
This study, grounded in the Job Demands-Resources theory, explores the relationship between digital competencies (DC) and innovative work behavior (IWB), introducing e-work self-efficacy (e-SE), e-work boundary strategy (e-BS), and organizational commitment (OC) during organizational isolation to examine their internal influencing mechanisms. The study conducted two-stage online questionnaire survey to obtain a final sample of 369 remote workers in China. Hypotheses were tested with triple mediation model. The findings reveal a compound multiple mediation effect among the variables, specifically demonstrating that (1) DC positively predicts IWB, e-SE, OC, and e-BS; (2) e-SE positively predicts OC and e-BS; (3) OC positively predicts IWB; (4) e-BS positively predicts IWB. (5) In the mediation model, the direct effect of DC on IWB is significant; (6) e-SE, OC, and e-BS play a significant mediating role in the relationship between DC and IWB; (7) e-SE, OC play a significant chained mediating role in the relationship between DC and IWB; (8) e-SE, e-BS play a significant chained mediating role in the relationship between DC and IWB. This study explores the relationship between DC and IWB, shedding light on its underlying mechanisms. By delving into the behaviors of remote work employees, this research offers more effective management strategies and practical recommendations for businesses and organizations, including tailored approaches to enhance remote employee engagement, productivity, and overall well-being. Additionally, the findings will present new perspectives and research avenues for academic studies, contributing to the advancement of theoretical understanding of employee behavior in remote work settings within the digital economy era.
本研究以工作需求-资源理论为基础,探讨数字化能力(DC)与创新工作行为(IWB)之间的关系,引入组织隔离期间的电子工作自我效能感(e-SE)、电子工作边界策略(e-BS)和组织承诺(OC),研究其内部影响机制。研究通过两个阶段的在线问卷调查,最终获得了 369 名中国远程工作者样本。研究采用三重中介模型对假设进行了检验。研究结果显示,各变量之间存在复合多重中介效应,具体表现为:(1)DC 正向预测 IWB、e-SE、OC 和 e-BS;(2)e-SE 正向预测 OC 和 e-BS;(3)OC 正向预测 IWB;(4)e-BS 正向预测 IWB。(5)在中介模型中,DC 对 IWB 的直接影响显著;(6)e-SE、OC 和 e-BS 在 DC 与 IWB 的关系中起显著中介作用;(7)e-SE、OC 在 DC 与 IWB 的关系中起显著连锁中介作用;(8)e-SE、e-BS 在 DC 与 IWB 的关系中起显著连锁中介作用。本研究探讨了 DC 与 IWB 的关系,揭示了其内在机制。通过深入研究远程工作员工的行为,本研究为企业和组织提供了更有效的管理策略和实用建议,包括量身定制的方法,以提高远程员工的参与度、生产力和整体福祉。此外,研究结果还将为学术研究提供新的视角和研究途径,有助于推进对数字经济时代远程工作环境中员工行为的理论理解。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of health records management systems of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯州立大学教学医院健康档案管理系统评估
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241264754
Richard Olalekan Arogunjo, Olayinka Babayemi Makinde
This study evaluated the health records management systems of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). A survey research methodology with a quantitative approach was employed using a questionnaire. The study covered the healthcare providers and medical records officers. After the employment of a two-stage sampling technique, a sample size of 394 respondents constituted the study population. Data were collected from August 2022 to June 2023. The analysis of the responses was univariate using frequency, percentage and mean. The major findings detected the successes and failures of the Manual and Electronic Health Records Management Systems, notwithstanding the overall favourable use. Moreover, the study showed a positive agreement with the seven DeLeon and McLean Model variables that measured user experience. The study recommended that the LASUTH authority needs to consciously work on curbing the concerns that are the root causes of records management challenges and the implementation of records management systems.
本研究评估了拉各斯州立大学教学医院(LASUTH)的健康档案管理系统。研究采用了定量调查研究方法,并使用了调查问卷。研究对象包括医疗服务提供者和医疗记录官员。在采用两阶段抽样技术后,394 名受访者构成了研究对象。数据收集时间为 2022 年 8 月至 2023 年 6 月。使用频率、百分比和平均值对答复进行了单变量分析。研究的主要结果发现,尽管手动和电子健康记录管理系统的总体使用情况良好,但也存在成功和失败之处。此外,研究还显示出与衡量用户体验的七个 DeLeon 和 McLean 模型变量之间存在积极的一致性。该研究建议,LASUTH 当局需要有意识地努力遏制作为记录管理挑战和实施记录管理系统根本原因的各种担忧。
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引用次数: 0
Pathways of front-line healthcare professionals’ information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in China COVID-19大流行期间一线医护人员的信息焦虑路径:中国的定性研究
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241261632
Quan Lu, Liang Tao, Xueying Peng, Jing Chen
Exploring information anxiety is critical to protecting the mental health of front-line healthcare professionals. Their information anxiety is impacted by interrelated conditions during public health emergencies, but existing studies have not confirmed the impact of the combination of conditions and clarified the pathways of information anxiety. Twenty-four healthcare professionals were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Qualitative Comparative Analysis was used to analyze necessary conditions and pathways of information anxiety. The results showed that information, environment, personal, and content were identified as antecedent conditions, and information quantity anxiety, information quality anxiety, and information content anxiety were identified as outcome conditions. Furthermore, information quality and social environment were necessary conditions. Spontaneous and extrinsic information anxiety were found based on pathways. Identifying conditions and pathways was essential for understanding the information anxiety of front-line healthcare professionals and providing evidence for medical institutions to take target measures in future public health emergencies.
探索信息焦虑对于保护一线医护人员的心理健康至关重要。在突发公共卫生事件中,他们的信息焦虑会受到相互关联的条件的影响,但现有的研究尚未证实这些条件组合的影响,也未阐明信息焦虑的途径。我们招募了 24 名医护人员进行半结构化访谈。采用定性比较分析法对信息焦虑的必要条件和途径进行了分析。结果显示,信息、环境、个人和内容被确定为前因条件,信息数量焦虑、信息质量焦虑和信息内容焦虑被确定为结果条件。此外,信息质量和社会环境是必要条件。自发信息焦虑和外在信息焦虑是基于路径发现的。确定条件和途径对于了解一线医护人员的信息焦虑至关重要,并为医疗机构在未来突发公共卫生事件中采取针对性措施提供证据。
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引用次数: 0
Patient held medical records in public hospitals in Bulawayo 布拉瓦约公立医院患者持有的医疗记录
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241262310
Prince Kudakwashe Madziwa, Mehluli Masuku
The purpose of the study was to examine the use and handling of PHMRs by patients and the clinical staff at public hospitals in the Bulawayo Province. The study employed a qualitative research methodology in which open ended questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were collected from doctors, nurses, records clerks and patients at 2 of the 4 targeted major public hospitals in Bulawayo, giving a total of 150 participants. This study revealed that PHMRs contained vital patient health information such as diagnosis, patient name, and prescribed medications. PHMRs did not have an official uniform structure, and patients used whatever booklets that were affordable to them. In some cases, patients used pieces of paper, although this was not encouraged. PHMRs were considered as legal records that are admissible in courts of law on the basis of them being authenticated by dating, officially stamped and signed by the attending medical practitioner. However, there were cases of unlawful manipulation of PHMRs through editing by patients, and in some cases, documentation incompleteness of the PHMR. The study further found out that the biggest challenge faced in the use of PHMRs was their loss by patients, which negatively impacted health care service delivery. The study recommends that patients be continuously educated about the importance of, and effectively managing their PHMRs for the purposes of continued health care delivery and accessibility. The study further recommended the use of structured hospital-designed booklets that patients can purchase at the hospital. This would avoid the use of any type of book/booklets and pieces of paper. The Ministry of Health and Child Health Care in Zimbabwe needs to consider introducing personalised electronic health records as alternatives to physical PHMRs.
本研究的目的是考察布拉瓦约省公立医院的病人和临床工作人员使用和处理 PHMR 的情况。研究采用了定性研究方法,通过开放式问卷收集数据。数据收集对象包括布拉瓦约 4 家主要公立医院中 2 家医院的医生、护士、记录员和患者,共计 150 人。这项研究显示,公共健康管理记录包含重要的病人健康信息,如诊断、病人姓名和处方药。PHMR 没有正式的统一结构,病人使用他们负担得起的任何小册子。在某些情况下,病人使用纸片,尽管这种做法并不被鼓励。医生健康管理记录被视为法律记录,可在法庭上被采纳,因为这些记录有日期、正式印章和主治医生的签名。然而,也有病人通过编辑非法篡改 PHMR 的情况,在某些情况下,PHMR 的文件不完整。研究还发现,使用 PHMR 面临的最大挑战是病人丢失 PHMR,这对医疗保健服务的提供产生了负面影响。研究建议,应不断向患者宣传 PHMR 的重要性,并有效管理 PHMR,以便持续提供医疗保健服务,使患者能够获得医疗保健服务。研究还建议使用医院设计的结构化小册子,患者可在医院购买。这将避免使用任何类型的书籍/小册子和纸片。津巴布韦卫生和儿童保健部需要考虑引入个性化电子健康记录,以替代实体 PHMR。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in accessing digital resources among visually impaired (VI) students at the University of Nairobi Library 内罗毕大学图书馆视障(VI)学生获取数字资源的挑战
IF 1.9 4区 管理学 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/02666669241259083
Carolyne Cherotich, Kirwa Priscah Cheptoo, Rogers Matikho Obare
This study aimed to establish the challenges that visually impaired (VI) students face when accessing digital resources at the University of Nairobi Library. A descriptive survey design was used with a sample of 20 VI students and 5 key informant librarians. Data was collected through questionnaires. The findings revealed that the major challenges faced by VI students in accessing digital resources included inadequate Braille materials and learning resources, difficulty grasping and typing information, lack of digital skills, negative attitudes from peers, high internet costs, and lack of adaptive technologies. To overcome these challenges, VI students relied heavily on sighted friends for assistance and sought encouragement from family and tutors. Recommendations include increasing Braille and adaptive technologies in the library, training librarians on assisting VI students, adding audio capabilities to resources, creating inclusive and adaptive spaces, and reducing internet costs. The study concludes that VI students face significant barriers in accessing digital resources equitably and need improved services and assistive technologies to enhance their academic achievement and independence. This study provides insight into the information needs of an underserved population and ways academic libraries can better support inclusion and accessibility.
本研究旨在确定视障(VI)学生在访问内罗毕大学图书馆数字资源时所面临的挑战。研究采用了描述性调查设计,样本包括 20 名视障学生和 5 名主要信息提供者图书馆员。数据是通过问卷调查收集的。调查结果显示,视障学生在获取数字资源时面临的主要挑战包括盲文材料和学习资源不足、掌握和输入信息困难、缺乏数字技能、同学的消极态度、网络费用高昂以及缺乏适应性技术。为了克服这些挑战,视障学生主要依靠视力正常的朋友提供帮助,并寻求家人和辅导老师的鼓励。建议包括在图书馆增加盲文和自适应技术,培训图书馆员如何帮助视障学生,在资源中增加音频功能,创建包容性和自适应空间,以及降低网络费用。研究得出结论,视障学生在公平获取数字资源方面面临巨大障碍,需要改进服务和辅助技术来提高他们的学业成绩和独立性。这项研究深入探讨了得不到充分服务的人群的信息需求,以及学术图书馆如何更好地支持包容性和无障碍环境。
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引用次数: 0
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Information Development
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