AlShaima Taleb Hussain, Eric Halford, Faisal AlKaabi
Abstract Virtual reality (VR) technology has revolutionized the way organizations are approaching the training of their workforce. By adopting elements of gamification, VR developers are now able to develop simulations that studies are beginning to demonstrate can teach vocational content in a more effective, efficient, and cost-effective manner, in comparison to traditional teaching approaches, such as classroom tuition for example. VR simulators are considered to be especially effective when used for replicating real-life training scenarios and this is the reason that they are beginning to be adopted by policing. To date, studies have examined their application in a small variety of policing scenarios but no literature has examined exactly how the police develop such VR training simulators, and this is the primary research gap that the study seeks to fill. This is achieved by using a single holistic case study methodology (Yin, 2018. Case Study Research: Design and Methods (6th edn). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage) to examine the design process of nine simulators developed by the Abu Dhabi Police Virtual Training Centre (ADPVTC). By examining detailed design documents this article identifies the use of elements of the constructivist pedagogical approach to learning to underpin the development process used, and associated hardware and software specifications and outlines practical methods of scalability, portability, and mitigation of health and safety risks. In doing so, whilst also providing a blueprint, and the argument for police services to consider the implementation of their own internal VR development capacity and capability, we discuss the possible implications of this for policing. Limitations are also outlined, with the primary issue being the absence of a formal effectiveness evaluation of the products produced, particularly those used for training.
{"title":"The Abu Dhabi Police Virtual Training Centre: A case study for building a virtual reality development capacity and capability","authors":"AlShaima Taleb Hussain, Eric Halford, Faisal AlKaabi","doi":"10.1093/police/paad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Virtual reality (VR) technology has revolutionized the way organizations are approaching the training of their workforce. By adopting elements of gamification, VR developers are now able to develop simulations that studies are beginning to demonstrate can teach vocational content in a more effective, efficient, and cost-effective manner, in comparison to traditional teaching approaches, such as classroom tuition for example. VR simulators are considered to be especially effective when used for replicating real-life training scenarios and this is the reason that they are beginning to be adopted by policing. To date, studies have examined their application in a small variety of policing scenarios but no literature has examined exactly how the police develop such VR training simulators, and this is the primary research gap that the study seeks to fill. This is achieved by using a single holistic case study methodology (Yin, 2018. Case Study Research: Design and Methods (6th edn). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage) to examine the design process of nine simulators developed by the Abu Dhabi Police Virtual Training Centre (ADPVTC). By examining detailed design documents this article identifies the use of elements of the constructivist pedagogical approach to learning to underpin the development process used, and associated hardware and software specifications and outlines practical methods of scalability, portability, and mitigation of health and safety risks. In doing so, whilst also providing a blueprint, and the argument for police services to consider the implementation of their own internal VR development capacity and capability, we discuss the possible implications of this for policing. Limitations are also outlined, with the primary issue being the absence of a formal effectiveness evaluation of the products produced, particularly those used for training.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136298167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy M. Wilson, C. Grammich, Terry Cherry, Anthony Gibson
Difficulties in recruitment and retention undermine the ability of U.S. police departments to maintain and diversify their workforces, particularly in light changing workloads and performance expectations. The police reform movement and recent increases in crime have highlighted these challenges, but other systemic and acute issues have also made staffing departments difficult. Attention to police staffing has been sporadic and uneven, with much discussion focused on recruitment. Given increasing attrition and that retention is more efficient than recruitment, there is considerable need for systematic examination of staff turnover and the development of strategies to bolster retention. To help fill this need, this manuscript assesses the landscape of retention research. We began by conducting a systematic search of four scholarly databases, which yielded 82 journal articles for investigation. We developed a codebook to isolate research features, which we captured in an SPSS dataset. We analyzed article content to illustrate key characteristics and lessons, including the types and characteristics of scholars and organizations who have produced the research, financial support for research, the characteristics of journals in which the work is published, substantive foci (including on diversity), methodological approaches and types of data, units of analysis, theoretical explanations and the causes and correlates of attrition, effects of turnover, and forms and effectiveness of retention strategies. We illustrate the nature and evolution of this work, identifying key features, strengths, weaknesses, lessons, and gaps in knowledge. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for police research and evidence-based workforce planning.
{"title":"Police Retention: A Systematic Review of the Research","authors":"Jeremy M. Wilson, C. Grammich, Terry Cherry, Anthony Gibson","doi":"10.1093/police/paac117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Difficulties in recruitment and retention undermine the ability of U.S. police departments to maintain and diversify their workforces, particularly in light changing workloads and performance expectations. The police reform movement and recent increases in crime have highlighted these challenges, but other systemic and acute issues have also made staffing departments difficult. Attention to police staffing has been sporadic and uneven, with much discussion focused on recruitment. Given increasing attrition and that retention is more efficient than recruitment, there is considerable need for systematic examination of staff turnover and the development of strategies to bolster retention. To help fill this need, this manuscript assesses the landscape of retention research. We began by conducting a systematic search of four scholarly databases, which yielded 82 journal articles for investigation. We developed a codebook to isolate research features, which we captured in an SPSS dataset. We analyzed article content to illustrate key characteristics and lessons, including the types and characteristics of scholars and organizations who have produced the research, financial support for research, the characteristics of journals in which the work is published, substantive foci (including on diversity), methodological approaches and types of data, units of analysis, theoretical explanations and the causes and correlates of attrition, effects of turnover, and forms and effectiveness of retention strategies. We illustrate the nature and evolution of this work, identifying key features, strengths, weaknesses, lessons, and gaps in knowledge. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for police research and evidence-based workforce planning.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49398372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To tackle the spread of COVID-19 since its outbreak in January 2020, the police have been given additional powers in Taiwan. Studies have consistently revealed that police legitimacy, the belief that the police are trustworthy and allowed to exercise their authority to maintain order, is the main factor determining whether people are willing to cooperate with the police and comply with laws. This paper explores police legitimacy in Taiwan in terms of whether it exists and whether the Taiwanese police have built or damaged their legitimacy during the unprecedented challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the relevant literature, historical events, public opinion survey results, and official crime data, we find that police legitimacy existed before and has continued to exist during the pandemic in Taiwan.
{"title":"Police Legitimacy in Taiwan and Policing COVID-19","authors":"Shih-ya Kuo, Kuang-Ming Chang, F. Huang, Yi Li","doi":"10.1093/police/paac107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To tackle the spread of COVID-19 since its outbreak in January 2020, the police have been given additional powers in Taiwan. Studies have consistently revealed that police legitimacy, the belief that the police are trustworthy and allowed to exercise their authority to maintain order, is the main factor determining whether people are willing to cooperate with the police and comply with laws. This paper explores police legitimacy in Taiwan in terms of whether it exists and whether the Taiwanese police have built or damaged their legitimacy during the unprecedented challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the relevant literature, historical events, public opinion survey results, and official crime data, we find that police legitimacy existed before and has continued to exist during the pandemic in Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41780531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
واحدة من نتائج مجتمع القرن الحادي والعشرين الذي يتطور بسرعة كبيرة هو إدارة حركة المرور عالميا. تُعَدّ حوادث الاصطدام الناجمة عن حركة المرور من أكثر الحوادث شيوعا مما يتطلب استجابة الشرطة. يناقش البحث في هذا المقال استراتيجية التدخل التي طورتها وطبقتها شرطة أبو ظبي لتقليل تأثير مخالفات سائقي المركبات الثقيلة والآثار المصاحبة للاصطدام والوفيات والإصابات خلال 5 سنوات حتى أبريل 2020. تقدم هذه المقالة النتائج المستخلصة من تقييم تأثير نظام أذونات الشاحنات لمركز المرور الذكي التابع لشرطة أبو ظبي والذي يدعمه نظام تعقب مركبات ذكي معقد متعدد الأبعاد قائم على التكنولوجيا إلى جانب عملية عقوبة انتهاك السائق. ويشير تحليل البيانات إلى حدوث انخفاض إيجابي في الحوادث الناجمة عن الشاحنات والوفيات والإصابات الناجمة عنها خلال فترة ما بعد التدخل. يشير البحث إلى أن استراتيجيات الشرطة الفعالة التي تتضمن قدرات التكنولوجيا الذكية لديها القدرة على التحسين المستمر لإدارة حركة المرور على الطرق وعن طريق الارتباط بالأثر على الاستدامة الإنسانية والاقتصادية للمجتمع والشعب.
{"title":"الشرطة الذكية: مبادرة شرطة أبو ظبي القائمة على الذكاء الاصطناعي والنظام العالمي لتحديد المواقع (جي بي اس) لخفض مخالفات سائقي المركبات الثقيلة","authors":"د أماندا ديفيس د. أماندا ديفيس وأحمد سرور الشامسي, وأحمد سرور الشامسي","doi":"10.1093/police/paac093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 واحدة من نتائج مجتمع القرن الحادي والعشرين الذي يتطور بسرعة كبيرة هو إدارة حركة المرور عالميا. تُعَدّ حوادث الاصطدام الناجمة عن حركة المرور من أكثر الحوادث شيوعا مما يتطلب استجابة الشرطة. يناقش البحث في هذا المقال استراتيجية التدخل التي طورتها وطبقتها شرطة أبو ظبي لتقليل تأثير مخالفات سائقي المركبات الثقيلة والآثار المصاحبة للاصطدام والوفيات والإصابات خلال 5 سنوات حتى أبريل 2020. تقدم هذه المقالة النتائج المستخلصة من تقييم تأثير نظام أذونات الشاحنات لمركز المرور الذكي التابع لشرطة أبو ظبي والذي يدعمه نظام تعقب مركبات ذكي معقد متعدد الأبعاد قائم على التكنولوجيا إلى جانب عملية عقوبة انتهاك السائق. ويشير تحليل البيانات إلى حدوث انخفاض إيجابي في الحوادث الناجمة عن الشاحنات والوفيات والإصابات الناجمة عنها خلال فترة ما بعد التدخل. يشير البحث إلى أن استراتيجيات الشرطة الفعالة التي تتضمن قدرات التكنولوجيا الذكية لديها القدرة على التحسين المستمر لإدارة حركة المرور على الطرق وعن طريق الارتباط بالأثر على الاستدامة الإنسانية والاقتصادية للمجتمع والشعب.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46197213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to present the first systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the policing practices associated with civil preventive orders and notices within England and Wales to address sub-criminal and criminal behaviour. The updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting criteria are used to report the process transparently. Despite 24 powers considered for inclusion, this review found limited literature, including only 13 pieces of original empirical research. These studies found significant variations in policing practice concerning the issuing process, evidential thresholds required to issue, use of informal alternatives, training provided, and breach procedures. As a result, this article offers thirteen policy, practice, and research recommendations to support the creation of best practices.
{"title":"Understanding the policing practices associated with civil preventive orders and notices in England and Wales to regulate the conduct of society’s perceived deviant others: A systematic review","authors":"Zoe Rodgers","doi":"10.1093/police/paad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article aims to present the first systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the policing practices associated with civil preventive orders and notices within England and Wales to address sub-criminal and criminal behaviour. The updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting criteria are used to report the process transparently. Despite 24 powers considered for inclusion, this review found limited literature, including only 13 pieces of original empirical research. These studies found significant variations in policing practice concerning the issuing process, evidential thresholds required to issue, use of informal alternatives, training provided, and breach procedures. As a result, this article offers thirteen policy, practice, and research recommendations to support the creation of best practices.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42640745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharine A. Boyd, Abi Dymond, G. J. Melendez-Torres, D. Fleischer
We used a crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) to analyse of how key conditions interact within police use of force incidents to contribute to Conducted Energy Devices (CED), commonly known by the brand name TASER, being drawn and red-dotted (0), or drawn, red-dotted, and fired (1). Our sample is 22 incidents (11 red-dotted, 11 red-dotted and fired) between one officer and one person subjected to force recorded in the Use of Force Monitoring Forms for CED incidents from one of the 43 police forces in England and Wales. We identify the most parsimonious causal recipes for both outcomes using five causal conditions –i.e. Intoxication, Intelligence, Prior Knowledge, Weapon Possession, and Aggression. We found three different pathways to CED being red-dotted (0) and five distinct pathways to CED being red-dotted and fired (1). Our findings show that reported intelligence and prior knowledge play central roles in shaping causal recipes, and reported aggression by the member of the public is critical to CED firing decisions.
{"title":"Pathways to TASER discharge: Qualitative comparative analysis of police use of force","authors":"Katharine A. Boyd, Abi Dymond, G. J. Melendez-Torres, D. Fleischer","doi":"10.1093/police/paad048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We used a crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) to analyse of how key conditions interact within police use of force incidents to contribute to Conducted Energy Devices (CED), commonly known by the brand name TASER, being drawn and red-dotted (0), or drawn, red-dotted, and fired (1). Our sample is 22 incidents (11 red-dotted, 11 red-dotted and fired) between one officer and one person subjected to force recorded in the Use of Force Monitoring Forms for CED incidents from one of the 43 police forces in England and Wales. We identify the most parsimonious causal recipes for both outcomes using five causal conditions –i.e. Intoxication, Intelligence, Prior Knowledge, Weapon Possession, and Aggression. We found three different pathways to CED being red-dotted (0) and five distinct pathways to CED being red-dotted and fired (1). Our findings show that reported intelligence and prior knowledge play central roles in shaping causal recipes, and reported aggression by the member of the public is critical to CED firing decisions.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45005558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotion management in relation to police legitimacy during the pandemic in Poland offers an illustrative case study of backfire mechanisms in times of the erosion of the rule of law. Grounded in social constructionism, the study uses qualitative frame analysis to determine: what emotion management strategies embedded in discursive frames were used by the police and the state to build and rebuild police legitimacy during the pandemic? Why did they backfire? Masking, a strategy negative in valence, backfired. Ignoring emotions experienced by officers in frames constructed to gain legitimacy widened the rift between police and ordinary people. For the latter, it was equivalent to losing another public institution to the ruling state. If masking is the only strategy in use, law enforcement will likely be perceived negatively, and citizens will resist, impairing the ability of the police to perform its duties.
{"title":"When the construction of police legitimacy backfires? Emotion expression management in times of the erosion of the rule of law","authors":"J. Rak","doi":"10.1093/police/paad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Emotion management in relation to police legitimacy during the pandemic in Poland offers an illustrative case study of backfire mechanisms in times of the erosion of the rule of law. Grounded in social constructionism, the study uses qualitative frame analysis to determine: what emotion management strategies embedded in discursive frames were used by the police and the state to build and rebuild police legitimacy during the pandemic? Why did they backfire? Masking, a strategy negative in valence, backfired. Ignoring emotions experienced by officers in frames constructed to gain legitimacy widened the rift between police and ordinary people. For the latter, it was equivalent to losing another public institution to the ruling state. If masking is the only strategy in use, law enforcement will likely be perceived negatively, and citizens will resist, impairing the ability of the police to perform its duties.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61072319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom Hilding Skoglund, Anders Lohne Lie, Einar Kristian Jakobsen, Patrick Risan
Abstract Following Kobasa’s seminal description of hardiness in 1979, this psychological construct has attained an increased research focus in law enforcement. The present study adds to this research focus by sampling 156 Norwegian police student trainees to investigate whether trainees’ hardiness levels were related to their performance in a high-stress baton exercise. The Dispositional Resilience Scale-15-R was used to measure hardiness and its three components: commitment, challenge, and control. Baton performance was independently evaluated by two examiners. The results of a regression analysis controlling for age and sex revealed that, among the three components, commitment significantly predicted baton performance. Considerable sex differences were observed in the performance scores, where men outperformed women. An interaction model treating sex as a moderator showed that the commitment prediction was aligned across men and women. In conclusion, police educators should increase their focus on hardiness—especially the commitment component—to facilitate the police student trainees’ operational skill training.
{"title":"Hardiness and baton performance among police student trainees","authors":"Tom Hilding Skoglund, Anders Lohne Lie, Einar Kristian Jakobsen, Patrick Risan","doi":"10.1093/police/paad077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Following Kobasa’s seminal description of hardiness in 1979, this psychological construct has attained an increased research focus in law enforcement. The present study adds to this research focus by sampling 156 Norwegian police student trainees to investigate whether trainees’ hardiness levels were related to their performance in a high-stress baton exercise. The Dispositional Resilience Scale-15-R was used to measure hardiness and its three components: commitment, challenge, and control. Baton performance was independently evaluated by two examiners. The results of a regression analysis controlling for age and sex revealed that, among the three components, commitment significantly predicted baton performance. Considerable sex differences were observed in the performance scores, where men outperformed women. An interaction model treating sex as a moderator showed that the commitment prediction was aligned across men and women. In conclusion, police educators should increase their focus on hardiness—especially the commitment component—to facilitate the police student trainees’ operational skill training.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135561298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article explores how policing identities shape and inform understanding and practice within public order (PO) policing. Of particular focus is how police use and apply their national identity as a means of explaining their PO policing approach. The study was based in South Wales, UK and findings are drawn from a qualitative multi-methodological approach with the regional police force. I identified that officers drew upon a stereotypical version of Welsh identity to explain their approach to PO policing that was largely characterised as friendly and interactive. Officers claimed that it was their reflexive instinct to engage in this way because this was simply a manifestation of their Welsh identity and character. While this was an important characteristic and source of pride for officers, I argue that this identity appeared to mask, or in some cases enable, PO policing that had a more traditional focus of law and order.
{"title":"The multiple faces of police identity in Wales: A case study in public order policing","authors":"Michael Harrison","doi":"10.1093/police/paad066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores how policing identities shape and inform understanding and practice within public order (PO) policing. Of particular focus is how police use and apply their national identity as a means of explaining their PO policing approach. The study was based in South Wales, UK and findings are drawn from a qualitative multi-methodological approach with the regional police force. I identified that officers drew upon a stereotypical version of Welsh identity to explain their approach to PO policing that was largely characterised as friendly and interactive. Officers claimed that it was their reflexive instinct to engage in this way because this was simply a manifestation of their Welsh identity and character. While this was an important characteristic and source of pride for officers, I argue that this identity appeared to mask, or in some cases enable, PO policing that had a more traditional focus of law and order.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent surveys suggest that confidence in police reached its lowest level on record in the wake of controversial police custody deaths and associated protests in recent years. Meanwhile, research has found links between perceptions of low public support for police and a variety of negative outcomes among police officers, including stress and withdrawal. The consequences of psychological stress, according to much other research, include a variety of physical health problems. The present study synthesizes these bodies of research by examining whether perceptions of low public support are associated with physical, somatic symptoms in police officers, including headaches, gastrointestinal problems, sleep disturbances, and upper respiratory infections. Structural equation modelling of 4,221 officer surveys from a Southeastern U.S. state collected in January of 2022 suggests that officers are quite literally worried sick about poor police–public relations, and that stress mediates this relationship. We discuss the implications of these findings for officer wellness and the relationship between mental and physical well being among officers. Furthermore, we discuss practical recommendations for police leaders who may be struggling to promote officer wellness during a period of intense public scrutiny.
{"title":"Worried Sick: Perceptions of Low Public Support, Stress, and Somatic Health Problems in Law Enforcement","authors":"D. Baker, Christopher J. Marier, Merrily Cheek","doi":"10.1093/police/paac118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent surveys suggest that confidence in police reached its lowest level on record in the wake of controversial police custody deaths and associated protests in recent years. Meanwhile, research has found links between perceptions of low public support for police and a variety of negative outcomes among police officers, including stress and withdrawal. The consequences of psychological stress, according to much other research, include a variety of physical health problems. The present study synthesizes these bodies of research by examining whether perceptions of low public support are associated with physical, somatic symptoms in police officers, including headaches, gastrointestinal problems, sleep disturbances, and upper respiratory infections. Structural equation modelling of 4,221 officer surveys from a Southeastern U.S. state collected in January of 2022 suggests that officers are quite literally worried sick about poor police–public relations, and that stress mediates this relationship. We discuss the implications of these findings for officer wellness and the relationship between mental and physical well being among officers. Furthermore, we discuss practical recommendations for police leaders who may be struggling to promote officer wellness during a period of intense public scrutiny.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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