Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Intrinsic capacity (IC), an internal composite ability proposed by the World Health Organization, is fundamental to older people's health. The present study examined potential models explaining the association between IC and quality of life (QoL) among older people in Taiwan. Frailty, basic activities of daily living (BADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were hypothesized to be mediators in the association between IC and QoL. Older people aged 50 years or above from community or medical center (N = 1,235; M_age = 72.63 years [SD = 7.19]; 601 males [48.7%]) completed a series of self-report and functional measures assessing IC, frailty, ADLs, and QoL. Results showed that IC was significantly associated with frailty, BADL, IADL, and QoL in the mediation models. Frailty was found to be a significant mediator in the association between IC and QoL alone or together with IADL. The findings indicate that IC is an important factor for older people to maintain good health and live a fulfilling life.

We used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to develop and conduct a mixed-methods needs assessment with a sample of 36 veterans. We gathered data using the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), focus groups, and individual interviews. The sample SF-36 mean scores were significantly higher than the general population average for general health, but lower for role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and social functioning. The qualitative data revealed three significant health needs for the veterans: (a) access to mental health services, (b) barriers to social participation, and (c) the importance of nature-based occupations. Findings suggest that occupation-based interventions, administered in the natural environment, targeting rural veterans' mental health and social participation, could help improve their access to needed mental health care.

This scoping review aimed to map the various facets of intuition in occupational therapy (OT), from its definitions, theoretical frameworks, epistemological paradigms to practical applications, highlighting its role in decision-making. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a systematic search of five databases from 1990 to August 2023 identified 337 records related to OT and intuition. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 22 studies were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the title/abstract and full-text screening. Thematic analysis synthesized descriptions of intuitive reasoning, and the studies' epistemologies were interpreted based on stated methodologies and knowledge conceptions. Key themes depicted OT's intuition as personalized knowledge developed through practice. Constructivist paradigms recognizing subjective meaning-making predominated (63.6%), while postpositivists related to self-reported intuition to decision outcomes quantitatively (22.7%). Despite increasing interdisciplinary attention, occupational therapists' intuition remains understudied. Integrating analytical and intuitive practice through reflection is crucial for client-centered expertise.

Adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) require high levels of assistance to participate in occupations. Otherwise, they experience low occupational engagement. This study aimed to explore how parents describe participation in occupations for their adult children with PIMD. Semi-structured interviews (n = 9) were conducted to understand how parents described their adult children's participation in occupations. Data were analyzed using the theory of co-occupation to identify themes and triangulate findings with the literature. Parents described participation as co-occupation in "essential" versus "non-essential" occupations. Participation in essential co-occupations emphasized shared physicality, while non-essential co-occupations focused on joint meaning (shared intentionality) and emotional responses (shared emotionality). Findings illustrate a way to conceptualize participation in essential versus non-essential co-occupations for adults with PIMD, highlight the importance of recognizing and illuminating subjective experiences of adults with PIMD, and provide a foundation for occupational therapists to increase occupational engagement within this population.

Suicide rates for post-9/11 veterans are alarmingly high, especially within the first 3 years of transition from the military. High stress during transition is linked to occupational dysfunction and suicidal ideation. Combat veterans report more difficult transitions than non-combat veterans but have received little attention. This study aimed to understand the transition experience from the military for post-9/11 combat veterans. A phenomenological method was used to describe the lived experience of transition from the military for post-9/11 combat veterans. Data collection included interviews and coding of transcriptions until data saturation was met at nine participants and themes were developed. Main themes included Having Expectations, Confronting Barriers, Identity Crisis, Employing Coping Mechanisms, and Filling a Void. This study highlights the challenges faced by post-9/11 combat veterans transitioning from the military, emphasizing the role of occupational identity and the importance of engagement in meaningful occupations during this transition.

The Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT) is widely used in rehabilitation settings in Korea, but research on the validity of the MVPT-4, revised in 2015, remains limited. This study aimed to verify the discriminative validity of the Korean MVPT-4 (K-MVPT-4) in healthy individuals and stroke patients. A total of 136 healthy individuals and 81 stroke patients participated were assessed using the K-MVPT-4. Independent t tests and one-way analyses of variance were conducted to examine score differences by the presence of stroke, sex, age, and educational level. Stroke patients scored significantly lower than healthy individuals. Scores also declined with increasing age and lower educational levels, but no significant differences were observed by sex. The findings confirm the discriminative validity of the K-MVPT-4 supporting its clinical applicability as a valid tool for assessing visual perception in stroke patients.

Background: Digital life balance may be linked to occupational balance, social skills, and nomophobia (the fear of being without one's phone). Objectives: his study explored the relationship between digital life balance, occupational balance, social skills, and nomophobia among university students. Methodology: A total of 284 students (80.3% female; mean age = 20.44 ± 3.20) participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed scales assessing digital life balance, occupational balance, social skills, and nomophobia. Results: Digital life balance was positively correlated with occupational balance (r=0.472) and social skills (r=0.243), and negatively with nomophobia (r=-0.242). Regression analysis showed that occupational balance (p<.001) and four nomophobia dimensions were significantly associated variables (p<.05). Conclusion: Digital life balance in university students is influenced by occupational patterns and phone-related anxiety. Occupational therapy interventions aiming to enhance daily role balance, interpersonal skills, and reduce maladaptive digital habits may help support healthier digital engagement.

Engaging community collaborators in research is crucial for enhancing health care outcomes, especially for cerebral palsy (CP). However, effective multi-collaborator involvement poses challenges. This study used an occupation-based approach to engage community collaborators in developing a CP Task Force to initiate patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research and evaluated member perspectives on roles and experiences. A repeated cross-sectional design was employed, with 18 CP Task Force members completing 39 surveys. Engagement activities focused on social participation, leisure, play, education, and work. Surveys assessed team culture, trust, and role satisfaction. Descriptive statistics analyzed survey data, while thematic analysis summarized qualitative responses. Participants reported high satisfaction and engagement. Key themes included inclusivity, effective communication, accessibility, and expanded engagement. Occupation-based engagement can enhance collaboration, build rapport, and create a shared sense of purpose among multi-collaborators when establishing a CP Task Force to support patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research.

Bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD) can limit activities of daily living (ADL) through disruption of roles and routines. Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT BIG) is a commonly used program for persons with PD but it is not known if LSVT BIG can impact bradykinesia. This preliminary study sought to determine if LSVT BIG participation would impact bradykinesia during ADL. Sixty patient charts were reviewed following participation in the LSVT BIG program. Time to perform three functional tasks was recorded before and after participation. A significant decrease in time, on average, of 14.5 s to don/doff a jacket (p = .009), 18.3 s to don/doff socks (p = .01), and 21.4 s to insert a pillow into a pillowcase (p < .01) was observed. Speed of performance during three ADL tasks improved significantly following LSVT BIG participation; therefore, this program may positively impact bradykinesia and task performance in Parkinson's.

A demand for improving access to public spaces for people with disabilities exists. Community-Engaged Dissemination and Implementation (CEDI) aims to improve adoption and uptake of research outputs and relies on stakeholders sharing community insights, priorities, wants, and needs. The objective of this manuscript is to describe methods for engaging community members on the dissemination and implementation of an application (app) suite designed to crowdsource ratings for accessibility of restaurants. A three-pronged approach for CEDI was used and included Participatory Action Research (PAR), a Community Engagement (CE) Studio Session, and the creation of Community-Engaged Outreach Events. Guidance from our CEDI informed our approaches for app rollout ensuring the data is accurate, comprehensive, and useful on a local level. The CEDI approaches (1) supported plans for community-wide adoption of the app suite, and (2) can be adapted by projects focused on the needs of people with disabilities.