Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Background: Occupational therapy graduate students report poor well-being during their educational experience.

Objective: This convergent mixed-methods study (quantitative approach presented) examined the effectiveness of an occupation-based intervention in promoting well-being.

Methodology: Forty-one entry-level doctorate students (intervention = 18, control = 23) completed four standardized measures at three timepoints. The manualized intervention included six 45-minute virtual synchronous sessions, once per week. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: Statistically significant differences in well-being (p = .024, ${\eta }_p^2$ = .09), self-compassion (p = .006, ${\eta }_p^2$ = .12), and engagement in meaningful occupations (p = .014, ${\eta }_p^2$ = .10) between groups, indicating intervention effectiveness.

Conclusion: Intervention study participants were self-compassionate and intentional about promoting their well-being; therefore, increasing their participation in a variety of meaningful occupations moved them toward more occupational balance and improved well-being. This occupation-based intervention could be offered to promote student well-being through engagement in meaningful occupations.

Autistic children participate less and have fewer opportunities to develop participation skills than nonautistic peers. The extent to which occupation-based coaching (OBC), a metacognitive strategy training intervention, affects participation in school-age autistic children is unknown. We conducted a single-group pretest-posttest design to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effect of telehealth OBC for autistic children (n = 13) and primary caregivers (n = 12). Participants completed eight telehealth OBC sessions to address activity-based goals; they completed child, caregiver, and family outcomes pre- and post-intervention. Recruitment, retention, caregiver measure completion, and intervention adherence rates exceeded feasibility benchmarks. OBC had large effects on child performance (Hedge's g = 1.65) and satisfaction (Hedge's g = 1.89), a moderate effect on child sleep disturbance (Hedge's g = 0.60), and small effects on child participation (Hedge's g = 0.23) and family quality of life (Hedge's g = 0.26). Further research in a large-scale study is warranted with changes to better support child measure completion and enhance the study protocol.

Although physical activity has been shown to influence physical, social, and emotional well-being, individuals experiencing quadriparesis often lack knowledge of and access to adaptive sporting programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions about wheelchair rugby's impact on community participation and well-being for individuals with quadriparesis and to identify functional barriers to participation. Qualitative semistructured interviews were used to explore the perception of participation in wheelchair rugby on community participation and well-being for adults with quadriparesis. Participants perceived that their participation in sports had positive benefits on community participation and well-being. In addition, participants identified barriers to participation for individuals with quadriparesis. Practitioners working with individuals with quadriparesis should consider sports participation when designing interventions and education.

Limited interventions address severe upper extremity (UE) hemiparesis. The feasibility of mental practice (MP) in acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) is unexplored. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effect of MP on severe UE hemiparesis and the feasibility of MP in AIR. Single-group, pretest-posttest. Eleven patients ages 18-90, <1-month post-stroke, with UE hemiparesis completed an MP protocol, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Fugl Meyer Assessment (FM) assessed UE functional abilities and impairments. The patients and 17 occupational therapists working in AIR were surveyed to determine the feasibility of MP. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a statistically significant difference in FMA and WMFT scores pretest to posttest. The feasibility survey results found MP to be appropriate and feasible, with lower scores in acceptability. MP appears to be feasible and appropriate to address severe UE hemiparesis in the AIR setting.

Limited literature exists investigating the relationship between sensory processing and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). This study aimed to identify and understand sensory processing patterns for people with CRPS. This study employs a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were a sample of convenience and completed two electronic surveys: a demographic survey and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). More than 90% of participants (n=62) were female and White or White in combination. Participants 18 to 64 perceived sensory experiences in subtypes of low registration, sensory sensitivity, and sensation avoiding, while they demonstrated lower perceived levels of sensation seeking. Participants above 65 reported experiencing sensory sensitivity and sensation avoiding "much more than most people." There were patterns between sensory sensitivity to low registration and sensation avoiding, regardless of age. Above 65, low registration and sensation avoiding were significantly related. Patterns exist within sensory processing subtypes in people with CRPS.

Background: Many children with sensory processing differences receive occupational therapy services using sensory integration therapy (SIT). Studies exist to demonstrate the effects of this intervention on the child receiving the service. However, children exist as part of a family unit. There is limited research to examine the effect of SIT on the family.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of caregivers as to the impact on families of children who received SIT.

Methodology: Qualitative, phenomenological methodology was utilized.

Results: Results revealed four themes: family routines, parent response/reaction to sensory, modified participation in family activities needs, and improved regulation leading to increased family participation outside the home.

Conclusion: This study indicates that parents perceive positive effects on participation of the family unit and for the child receiving SIT therapy.

Little is known about time-use related to health management of individuals with tetraplegia (motor and/or sensory loss originating in the cervical spine) and the influence on participation in occupations. The purpose was to explore the time-use of an individual with tetraplegia to understand factors that contributed to changes in health-management routines over time. Narrative inquiry was used to collect data via observation, time-use log, and interviews. Five interpretive stories emerged: Caregivers, Relationships, and Learning Self-Efficacy; Framing the Morning Routine with Positive Thinking; Caregivers Become My Hands: The Art of Doing; Discovering Meaning and Life-Purpose; and Schedules and Waiting: Disability Shaping Occupation and Time-use. The stories illustrated how situational contexts disrupted his engagement in routines and reliance on caregivers. These findings may help clinicians better understand the lived experience of clients with tetraplegia to design interventions that appreciate the changing nature of disability over time.

BackgroundErrorless learning is an intervention technique used in acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation. To support the use of this intervention within occupational therapy practice, it is important to know how errorless learning has been applied to (re)train daily functions.ObjectivesTo describe the empirical literature on errorless learning applied to everyday functioning in adults with ABI.MethodA scoping review was conducted with systematic searching of four databases (i.e., AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) and screening by independent reviewers.Findings41 experiments from 34 papers met eligibility criteria. Errorless learning has been heterogeneously delineated, described, and applied. Operationalization of everyday functioning has been poorly reported, and mostly applied to technology use and instrumental activities of daily living.ImplicationsGreater clarity and detail of errorless learning interventions are required, and more research is needed on its applications to everyday functioning.

Background: Caregivers and children continue to use pediatric rehabilitation telehealth services (PRTS) post-pandemic. Understanding how caregivers support children during PRTS can help us fully integrate caregivers for positive outcomes. This scoping review describes the roles caregivers take on during PRTS.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC for research published January 2005 to July 2023. We included English articles on the effect of PRTS. We excluded qualitative and non-peer-reviewed literature.

Results: Thirty-four articles met inclusion criteria. Caregivers were gatekeepers, technicians, implementers, trainees, collaborators, telehealth consumers, and supervisors in PRTS. Caregivers took on roles throughout PRTS, and roles varied by type of PRTS delivered.

Conclusions: Caregivers take on multiple roles to support children during PRTS. Our results can inform clinical decisions about how to integrate and support caregivers in PRTS. Future research should explore strategies that support caregiver role taking to maximize caregiver involvement and outcomes in PRTS.

Social networking services (SNSs) are useful tools; however, problematic use leads to mental health problems. This study aimed to examine whether SNS addiction is associated with occupational dysfunction while considering the effects of depression. This cross-sectional study included 268 undergraduates who responded to the questionnaire on the frequency and time of SNS use, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), SNS-X scale, and the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction (CAOD). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed effect of the SNS-X score for Instagram was significant (β = 0.174, p = .001) adjusted by the CES-D total score. However, the effect of frequency and time of SNS use were not significant. This suggests that SNS addiction, and not SNS use, is a factor associated with occupational dysfunction that should be emphasized and depression.