Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

While engagement in meaningful activities is associated with well-being, the influence of gender on this relationship is unknown. The study aims to (a) examine the difference between meaningful engagement and well-being for individuals who identify as men and women and (b) explore the association between engagement and well-being in men and women. In this observational study, 256 community-dwelling individuals completed meaningful engagement and well-being measures. Between-group t tests indicated no significant differences between men and women for engagement (t = 0.595, p = .552) and well-being (t = 0.818, p = .414). There were fair, positive correlations (rs = .376; p < .01) between engagement and well-being for men and moderate positive correlations (rs = .567; p < .01) between engagement and well-being for women. Self-identified gender may influence the relationship between engagement in meaningful activities and the sense of well-being it provides.

Identity Development Evolution and Sharing (IDEAS) reduces provider stigma, but few have been trained to implement IDEAS, highlighting a need for implementation strategies that facilitate uptake. We evaluated whether external facilitation successfully supported IDEAS implementation and whether IDEAS reduced provider stigma within and across sites irrespective of implementation barriers and facilitators. Key informants from 10 sites completed interviews and surveys of appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility. Interviews were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guidelines. Intervention effectiveness was measured via paired t tests of pre-/post-quantitative data on provider stigma completed by practitioners who attended the training. Ten sites successfully implemented IDEAS via external facilitation; 58 practitioners from nine sites completed pre- and post-surveys. Data showed significant decreases in stigma after the intervention. IDEAS, supported by external facilitation, is a feasible, acceptable, and appropriate means of reducing stigma among occupational therapy practitioners.

Three-dimensional-printed assistive devices hold promise for improving writing abilities, yet factors influencing device selection and their impact on satisfaction and effectiveness remain unclear, especially in adults, as they are typically tested on children. The aim of this article is to assess the efficacy and satisfaction with a writing assistive device at different angles among individuals with brain injury and explore device selection factors. Twenty-six participants with brain injuries selected their preferred device angle. Writing speed, quality, and satisfaction were recorded. Immediate speed improvements were significant at 5° and 30° (p = .006, .013, respectively). Satisfaction scores did not significantly differ among angles. Normotonia in elbow (p < .001; odds ratio: 3.403) and wrist (p ≤ .001; odds ratio: 2.695) muscles increased the likelihood of selecting the 5° device. Immediate speed improvements at specific angles highlight the influence of muscle normotonia on device selection, vital for tailored brain injury rehabilitation.

Societal restrictions impact transgender individuals' ability to engage in occupations that match their internal gender identity preventing gender affirmation. The aim was to explore transgender individuals' perceived levels of gender congruence and life satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey with a nonprobability sample of transgender adults was used to provide a preliminary exploration of transgender individuals' gender congruence and life satisfaction using the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. When comparing the means of the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains to the population norm, the respondents demonstrated statistically lower scores in all four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. In both the WHOQOL-BREF and GCLS, the mean score in psychological health and life satisfaction were the lowest. Transgender individuals prioritize self-care activities, such as hairstyling, and body image to affirm internal gender identity. Occupational therapy can assist with supporting gender transition in several occupational contexts.

People with serious mental illness (SMI) encounter restrictions in the quantity of their community participation. Less is known about the quality of their participation. We aimed to explore the relationship between symptoms of SMI and the daily experience (i.e., loneliness and enjoyment) of community participation. We examined daily community participation among people with SMI using ecological momentary assessment surveys. We built multilevel models to examine the associations between symptoms of SMI and loneliness or enjoyment during community participation. Our analysis included 183 people among four participant groups: bipolar disorder (n = 44), major depressive disorder (n = 46), schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (n = 40), and control (n = 53). People with schizophrenia engaged in more unstructured activities (e.g., socializing) than people among other groups. Symptom association varied across diagnostic groups. To support tailored intervention development, researchers and practitioners should consider the context of participation and the clinical characteristics of the client.

The concept of positive occupations that enhance physical, mental, and social well-being is a novel idea that integrates positive psychology and occupational therapy. Valid and reliable scales are required to assess positive occupations for well-being in mental health settings. In this regard, the Assessment of Positive Occupation-15 (APO-15) is unique, as it evaluates positive occupations that promote health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of and determine the cutoff value of the Turkish version of the APO-15 in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). The study was conducted with 106 individuals with SMI. The structural validity of the scale items was determined using confirmatory factor analysis, while the reliability of the scale was analyzed with Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω) coefficients. The comparative fit index (0.964) and the Tucker-Lewis index (0.955) demonstrated a good fit. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .826, .814, .707, and .674, and the total scale score was 0.924. McDonald's ω coefficients for the four scale dimensions were 0.832, 0.818, 0.716, and 0.727. The cutoff point of 49.50 for the APO-15 for point sensitivity (0.727) and specificity (0.766) yielded good results. The Turkish version of the APO-15 is an effective and reliable tool for assessing well-being in mental health settings.

Limited evidence exists on the impact of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) on developmental domains in toddlers. This study investigated whether CVI influences social skills and sensory processing in toddlers with cerebral palsy (CP). The study included toddlers with CP, with or without CVI, and typically developing (TD) toddlers. All parents completed the demographic information form. Social skills were assessed by the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). Sensory processing was evaluated by the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). Analysis of covariance was employed to assess the disparity in BITSEA and ITSP scores. Toddlers with CP and CVI group demonstrated lower social competence than the other groups (p < .05). Having CVI did not cause a statistically significant difference in sensory processing among toddlers with CP (p > .05). CVI significantly affects social competence in toddlers with CP but does not affect sensory processing.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social isolation among people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, little is known about how changes in personal factors, environmental factors, or the characteristics of activities affected social participation. We examined experiences with social isolation and barriers to social participation using the person-environment-occupation-performance model as a framework. Twelve adults with TBI participated in a series of three focus groups. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified two primary themes with sub-themes: (1) social isolation experiences: (1a) emotional impact and (1b) managing personal risk; and (2) greater barriers but a lack of strategies to address them: (2a) access and opportunities and (2b) social and societal factors. New environmental barriers and task demands affected occupational performance, and participants identified few successful strategies to overcome these barriers. Occupational therapy can develop new strategies to re-balance the person-environment fit and enhance social participation.

Historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups are underrepresented in autism research broadly; however, patterns of inclusion in occupational therapy research are unknown.In this secondary data analysis, we examined race and ethnicity reporting across articles included in a systematic review of evidence related to occupational therapy practice with autistic individuals <18 years (2013-2021).Two team members reached >90% interrater coding agreement in race and ethnicity reporting across articles in ADLs/IADLs, education/work, play, sleep, and social participation in clinics, homes/communities, and schools.Intervention outcomes of ADL/IADLs (66.7%) and play (66.7%) had low rates of reporting, while social participation in schools (100%) and education/work (100%) had higher rates of reporting. Sample diversity was greatest among research in schools and most limited in clinic-based settings.Systemic racism that limits individuals' participation in occupational therapy research perpetuates racial and ethnic health inequities among autistic children and adolescents.

Whether mundane or meaningful, interpersonal encounters are prerequisites for (and have a significant impact on) many occupations. This study sought to understand the interpersonal impact and occupational relevance of encounters, through exploring encounters between bus drivers and disabled passengers. The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model was applied as part of a Framework Analysis, separately examining bus driver and disabled passenger data. The Interpersonal-Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (I-PEOP) Model prototype was then developed to enable simultaneous exploration of the factors impacting such encounters. Application of the I-PEOP and PEOP Models found encounters between bus drivers and disabled passengers were pivotal to the exclusion or inclusion of disabled passengers in their communities. Understanding the occupational relevance of encounters, and the factors that determine their interpersonal impact, prompts occupational therapists to identify and address how intersectionality, power dynamics, occupational roles, and inter-perceptions impact an individual's community mobility and inclusion.