Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Return to previously valued occupations is a common goal of individuals following acquired brain injury (ABI). However, the focus of rehabilitation is often on self-care and productivity occupations. Return to leisure should be a priority of rehabilitation to support a person's physical, cognitive, social, and emotional well-being. Consequently, the aim of this article was to review the research evidence on engagement in leisure occupations among community-dwelling adults living with ABI. A six-step scoping review was conducted searching five databases. Articles were included if they focused on leisure engagement post-stroke or traumatic brain injury. Seventeen studies were included. Leisure engagement decreased post-ABI with engagement primarily in solitary, sedentary, cognitively inactive, home-based leisure. Leisure engagement was impacted by personal and contextual factors. The findings identify a need to focus on and address changes to leisure following ABI, with exploration of why these changes have occurred beyond personal factors.

Individuals with cancer experience occupational participation restrictions, but there is no consensus on how to measure this construct. The objective of this study is to describe the perspectives and preferences of individuals with cancer regarding participation measurement. Forty individuals with brain, breast, colorectal, and lung cancer provided feedback on three participation measures in semi-structured interviews. Through an iterative, team-based content analysis approach, interview text was coded using the study codebook and organized into themes. Core themes included (a) participation measures highlighted occupational priorities, (b) measuring participation can identify supportive care needs, (c) measures must balance thoroughness with speed of completion, (d) measurement timeframe varies by treatment phase, and (e) evaluating community engagement is not a priority for some individuals with cancer. Integrating participation measures into cancer care can support referrals to occupational therapy and supportive services. It is essential to consider time since cancer diagnosis and client priorities when selecting participation measures.

Background: Scholars from multiple fields have shown that parents raising a child with mental and behavioral health concerns (MBHC) need additional support. We need parents to self-identify necessary supports as a basis for intervention planning.

Objectives: In this study, we examined what parents say they need from professionals to support their families.

Methodology: Occupational therapy faculty and students employed a strengths-based coaching approach to conduct a focus group with five parents. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis and used inductive coding to identify themes related to unmet self-identified needs of families. We refined themes through an iterative process and achieved 93% agreement after three rounds of coding.

Results: Four themes emerged from the transcript analysis: External Control, Internal Competence, Relating to Others, and Role of Self-Care.

Conclusion: Professionals must consider the unique needs identified by parents who have children with MBHC when planning interventions within our education and health care systems.

This research aimed to describe the process of occupational participation among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) discharged from the only SCI rehabilitation hospital in Bangladesh. We analyzed seven participants' interview transcripts and observations using the trajectory equifinality model. Study participants demonstrated the following occupational participation trajectories: (a) employing a strategy or difficulty in occupational participation; (b) performing solidarity or experiencing deprivation; (c) creating identity or divergence; and (d) being included in or excluded from everyday life. There are four pathways: (I) discouraging conditions that minimized daily performance; (II) reinforcing obligatory connections to optimization of daily performance; (III) reciprocity to facilitate social activities; and (IV) manipulating mastery in occupational participation. Occupational therapists can consider the trajectory phases and pathways of occupational participation when facilitating the inclusion of service users after discharge from the hospital.

During life disruptions, people adapt their activities responding to environmental stressors, resulting in new routines that support well-being. To explore college students' daily life experiences during the pandemic. Thirty students completed three time-use diaries, and responded to a survey on activity change during Coronavirus Disease 2019, satisfaction with social/leisure occupations, and well-being. Survey questions, duration of activities, and levels of were analyzed across 3 days. Exercise, school, socializing, and work were the most changed, often eliminating the activity, or modifying the activity, social context, or location. Time-use data indicated participants engaged in similar types of activities compared with nonpandemic times, but experienced different levels of pleasure and productivity related to some activities. Participants adjusted their activities/experiences to support their well-being. Examination of students' occupations and experiences uncovered the dynamic interaction between all levels of context-the macro (pandemic) and the micro (place to study).

Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) report low physical activity participation levels. A lack of physical activity can lead to increased secondary health concerns, such as cardiovascular, psychological, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal complications. Adaptive sports, such as quad rugby, allow individuals with SCI to maintain appropriate physical activity levels. This grounded theory study aimed to explore the experiences of individuals learning about and participating in quad rugby after SCI in the United States. Twelve participants from seven states across the United States completed semistructured interviews. Four themes emerged: benefits of quad rugby participation, enabling quad rugby participation, barriers to quad rugby participation, and motivation for continued participation in quad rugby. This study highlights the importance of an early introduction to quad rugby after SCI and the biopsychosocial benefits of participation. Occupational therapy practitioners can address barriers identified in this study through innovative approaches and advocacy efforts.

The purpose of this secondary qualitative analysis was to explore the play interactions of children with autism (n = 10) and their pets in the home environment. Researchers coded 115 minutes of video of children playing with their pets at home and transcripts from eight caregiver interviews. Thematic analysis revealed six codes which represented three themes, including children with ASD play with pets in a variety of ways, playing with pets supports child development, and playing with pets yields benefits for children with ASD. Findings suggest playing with pets may be beneficial for developing responsibility and social skills of children with ASD, particularly in how they interact with animals. Future research should examine perspectives of families who do not own or who have relinquished pets and perspectives of adults with ASD to better understand positive and negative aspects of pet play.

Upper limb stroke rehabilitation has been understudied in usual occupational therapy. The study's purpose was to describe the timing and amount of usual occupational therapy in the stroke population for hospital-based outpatient upper limb rehabilitation. A multi-site study of timing and amount of occupational therapy was calculated for mild and moderate upper limb stroke impairments using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). Mild stroke participants (n = 58) had a mean of 164.25 days, and the moderate stroke participants (n = 64) had a mean of 106.75 days from the date of stroke onset to first treatment which was significantly different (p = .047). There were no significant differences in the amount of therapy between mild or moderate stroke patients. Mild stroke patients experience a longer delay in receiving outpatient occupational therapy compared with moderate impairments which may be attributed to the subtlety of the impairments that impact participation in daily activities.

Research related to human-animal engagement often fails to address the complexity and nuance present in occupations and occupational therapy services that incorporate animals. The goal of this research was to develop a basic understanding of multispecies occupations (MSO) involving humans and equines, focusing on the action-oriented processes and transactions during socialization in outdoor, non-therapeutic contexts. We employed a multi-modal qualitative design with interviews and videography with n = 6 horse-human dyads, creating opportunities to understand and represent engagement beyond anthropocentric norms. Findings included a variety of dyad-specific features of occupation, including processes of embodied communication, the presence of behavioral synchrony, and perceptions of attunement arising from these processes. Examining MSO via a multi-modal inquiry offers new perspectives about the nature and experience of such occupations and supports a deeper understanding of potential mechanisms of change when animals are incorporated in occupational therapy interventions and practice.

Background: Home hazard removal programs are effective in reducing falls among older adults, but delivery in the United States is limited.

Objectives: We completed a process evaluation of the Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP), an intervention delivered by occupational therapists.

Methods: Using the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance), we examined outcomes using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution. We examined differences between covariates using Pearson correlation coefficients and two-sample t tests.

Results: 79.1% of eligible older adults participated (reach); they experienced a 38% reduction in fall rates (effectiveness). Ninety percent of recommended strategies were completed (adoption), 99% of intervention elements were delivered (implementation), and 91% of strategies were still used at 12 months (maintenance). Participants received an average of 258.6 minutes of occupational therapy. An average of US$765.83 was spent per participant to deliver the intervention.

Conclusions: HARP has good reach, effectiveness, adherence, implementation, and maintenance and is a low-cost intervention.