Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Substance use disorders (SUDs) may significantly impact occupational performance and participation. Physical activity interventions are beneficial for individuals with SUD and can be delivered by occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs). We aimed to evaluate the current evidence for physical activity interventions within the scope of occupational therapy (OT) for treating SUDs. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines for data abstraction and assessment, including 28 articles in this review. Searches were conducted in Medline, APA PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL, and OTSeeker from September 2021 to August 2023. Physical activity interventions included yoga, tai chi, comprehensive integrated approaches (CIA), high-intensity/circuit training, and music/dance interventions. Yoga, tai chi, CIA, and high-intensity exercise significantly reduced substance use and cravings. Tai chi, CIA, and dance/music interventions decreased stress and improved mental health and sleep outcomes. This review provides a foundation for advancing OTP-directed physical activity interventions in SUD-related rehabilitation and recovery.

Home modification services, including durable medical equipment (HM-DME), are crucial for helping veterans age in place. While the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) provides these services, rural veterans may face limited access due to health care disparities. This study analyzed HM-DME service use in VHA facilities within Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 8, focusing on the proportion of veterans who received the service, common medical conditions, and specific types of HM-DME, using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square tests. The results showed that 19.7% of veterans received at least one HM-DME, with most of these services focused on improving bathroom safety. Despite the higher prevalence of health issues among rural veterans, there were no significant differences in service utilization between rural and urban veterans. These findings highlight possible gaps in service delivery in VISN 8 and emphasize the importance of enhancing continuous access to HM-DME services, especially for veterans living in rural areas.

Occupational therapy practitioners use product-based activity-as-a-means to address occupational performance. This study aimed to describe this global use by mapping the different types of product-based activities, determining the diagnostic groupings they applied to and exploring their intended purpose within occupational therapy practice. The review was designed according to Arksey & O'Malley's framework and studies published 2012 to 2022 were considered. Data were extracted in Covidence and analyzed in Excel software. The PRISMA-ScR flowchart was used for reporting. Fifty-three studies met inclusion criteria, and eight categories were created with art/art-making being used the most. Mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders were reported across all categories mostly to improve higher-level cognitive and emotional body functions in mental health settings. Occupational therapists have the expertise to use various activities to achieve therapeutic outcomes for all individuals, regardless of their limitations. The review results can aid occupational therapists make evidence-based clinical decisions.

Cognitive screening is crucial for all stroke clients since not identifying cognitive impairments can negatively affect health outcomes. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a commonly used neuropsychological screen in the acute setting. However, the Menu Task (MT), a standardized performance-based functional cognitive screen, may be better at identifying cognitive deficits in this population. This study aimed to determine (a) the correlation between the MT and the MoCA, and (b) which screen better predicts outcomes (occupational performance, falls, and readmissions) in stroke patients with mild cognitive deficits. Using a prospective predictive design, both screens were administered to 80 hospitalized adults upon admission. Thirty days postdischarge occupational performance, as per the modified Rankin Scale and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, falls and readmissions data were collected. The results showed a small, nonsignificant positive correlation between the screens and the MT may be a better predictor of occupational performance and readmissions 1 month postdischarge.

Depressive symptoms contribute to frailty and care dependency. Participation in meaningful activities is key for preventing depressive symptoms, yet its link to occupational participation remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between occupational participation factors and depressive symptoms in older adults. This cohort study included 278 participants. Occupational participation was measured using the Self-reported Occupational Performance Inventory, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Multiple regression analysis was conducted. Occupational control (β = -0.20, p = .004) and balance (β = -0.18, p = .008) in leisure were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Satisfaction with performance correlated negatively with depressive symptoms in leisure (β = -0.15, p = .034) and self-care (β = -0.14, p = .029). Managing leisure activities by ensuring control, balance, and satisfaction is essential for preventing depressive symptoms in older adults.

Caregiver education is a vital component of inpatient rehabilitation for brain injury, yet the most effective ways of delivering education are not well established. A secondary analysis of 139 adult patients was conducted to determine if duration and types of education were correlated with functional outcomes and postdischarge health services. Most caregivers (94.2%) received training during the admission. Education involving hands-on training with patient care was associated with reduced levels of postdischarge health services (discharge to subacute nursing facility, or home with health care organization), (odds ratio [OR]: 0.20, [95% CI: 0.07 to 0.55], p = .002). In addition, patients with caregivers who were approved to provide hands-on assistance outside of therapy had a reduced need for postdischarge services (OR: 0.46, [0.21 to 0.97], p = .04), and higher functional independence levels at discharge (OR: 2.19, [1.14 to 4.19], p = .019). Strategies that actively engage caregivers should be prioritized.

Standardized outcome measures, like the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), support stroke rehabilitation; however, occupational therapy practitioners report minimal use due to limited knowledge, time, and administrative support. The objective of this study was to examine practitioners' perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of using the FMA-UE, attitudes toward standardized outcome measures, and strategies to support use. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure, Intervention Appropriateness Measure, Feasibility of Intervention Measure, and Evidence-Based Practice Attitudes Scale. Spearman correlations assessed relationships among variables. Practitioners (n = 102) perceived the FMA-UE as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. Acceptability (r = .34, p < .001), appropriateness (r = .35, p < .001), and feasibility (r = .32, p < .01) were significantly correlated with openness to FMA-UE use. Despite positive perceptions of the FMA-UE and outcome measures, consistent implementation remains limited. Further research should examine strategies to enhance use.

Limited evidence exists on sexual misconduct and inappropriate client sexual behavior (ICSB) in occupational therapy, warranting investigation of prevalence and impact. The objective of the study was to examine sexual misconduct and ICSB prevalence and perceptions in U.S. occupational therapy. Investigators conducted a nonexperimental, concurrent mixed methods study in July 2023, adapting Roush et al.'s questionnaire for occupational therapy practitioners and students with Level II Fieldwork experience. There were 356 respondents. The majority of respondents (63.4%) had experienced ICSB, and 26.6% were aware of sexual misconduct in the workplace. Practitioners perceived these occurrences as wrong or concerning, based on responses to vignettes and survey questions. In open-ended answers, respondents noted that ICSB occurred on a continuum from innuendo to assault; and that consensual and nonconsensual sexual behaviors in the workplace were disruptive and concerning. Professional guidelines and preventive strategies for sexual misconduct and ICSB are critically needed in practice and education.

Understanding factors associated with subjective cognition in middle-aged and older adults is important. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which community participation, health conditions, and demographics increase the risk of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in adults aged 45 and older, as well as how these factors are associated with self-perceived executive ability in those with SCD. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 community-dwelling participants, categorized into those with SCD (N = 42) and those without SCD (N = 51). Logistic and multivariable linear regression models were built. The results showed that depressive symptoms and concerns about executive ability significantly increased the risk of SCD in the logistic model. The linear model indicated that lower levels of community participation and education were associated with greater concerns about executive ability among those with SCD. Conclusion: Addressing depressive symptoms and executive ability in SCD is crucial; occupational therapy should facilitate community participation to support those with SCD.

A limited understanding of trends in occupational therapy (OT) research publications exists. This study aimed to evaluate trends in OT research publications, in PubMed (2001-2020), compared to physiotherapy and rehabilitation. A method of secondary analysis of publication trends in the PubMed database was used. Medical subject headings for OT, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation were combined with search filters (e.g., population age, study design, and OT practice area). Linear regressions were computed to analyze changes in yearly growth. OT research publications increased by 5.86 per year and comprised less than 2.5% of rehabilitation research publications yearly. Knowledge synthesis was the predominant OT study design (2.94% yearly increase; p < .001). Intellectual/cognitive conditions and emergent practice areas in OT research publications increased over time (both p = .007). OT research publications were relatively evenly distributed across population age. OT research publications are increasing over time but lag relative to physiotherapy and rehabilitation broadly. Our findings may inform future OT research priorities.