Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Participatory research is critical for developing appropriate and effective programs for specific communities. Suicide is a health inequity for autistic people and prevention is a high priority for autistic community members. Using community-based participatory research with autistic partners, we aimed to develop a research-informed, conceptually grounded, and community-supported suicide prevention program for the autism community. The participatory, multistep program development process included regular meetings to integrate existing research with an established intervention framework and was informed by 38 qualitative research interviews with autistic adults, family members, and mental health providers. The development process resulted in a four-part, virtual, education and community empowerment program-Forming Love around Autistic People to Prevent Suicide (FLAPS)-aimed at supporting organizations to engage in multilevel suicide prevention efforts. Participatory research that meaningfully engages autistic community partners can support the development of promising programs to promote suicide prevention for autistic people.

Many parents live with enduring health conditions; however, the impact of enduring health conditions on parenting roles is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences, support needs and preferences of parents in Ireland living with enduring health conditions. Data were collected using a custom e-survey, developed and refined using cognitive interviewing (n = 6). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and group comparisons, while open-ended responses were analysed using interpretative content analysis. In total, 281 eligible parents completed the survey. Participants reported considerable difficulties with parenting tasks, particularly physically demanding tasks. Participants had limited access to formal services and many reported unmet needs and dissatisfaction with current services. Enduring health conditions have a significant impact on parenting capacity. There is a need for integrated support systems to ensure parents with enduring health conditions are supported to engage in parenting occupations and roles.

Chronic pain may impede occupational participation in older adults, but links among mobility, social networks, cognitive function, and pain-related factors remain unclear. To examine the relationships among these factors in relation to occupational participation in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. In this cross-sectional study, 130 adults more than 60 answered questions about occupational participation, mobility, social networks, cognitive function, and pain. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract latent variables representing key constructs. These were incorporated into structural equation modeling to examine their associations with occupational participation. Latent factors combining mobility and social networks (standardized coefficient: 0.75), and cognitive functions (0.35), were directly and positively associated with occupational participation, while pain-related factors were strongly negatively correlated with mobility/social networks (-0.79, -0.73) but showed no direct association with participation. Interventions addressing both physical and social function and pain-related barriers may support occupational participation in older adults.

Rationale: Intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses in randomized trials may underestimate effects due to poor adherence or follow-up loss. Objectives: To demonstrate methods to address internal validity threats in ITT using the Well Elderly 2 study as a case example. Methodology: This secondary analysis used 4-year data from 460 older adults. The original trial, by a separate team, included a crossover intervention with 6-month follow-ups. We addressed follow-up loss using inverse probability of censoring weights to report an adjusted ITT. Results: ITT showed improvement in 10 of 17 outcomes; inverse probability of censoring weight (IPCW)-adjusted ITT in 13. In SF-36v2, ITT improved mental (B = 0.54, 99% confidence interval (CI) [0.05, 0.60]) but not physical (B = 0.71, 99% CI [-0.21, 0.08]); IPCW-adjusted ITT improved both mental (B = 0.77, 99% CI [0.34, 1.19]) and physical composites (B = 2.28, 99% CI [0.14, 0.71]). Conclusion: IPCW-adjusted ITT showed stronger effects but may be biased, while ITT was more conservative yet prone to misclassification; reporting both provides a clearer interpretation.

The use of complementary health approaches and integrative health (CHAIH) is increasing in the United States, yet its role within occupational therapy (OT) remains underexplored. This study examined the prevalence of CHAIH use among OT practitioners, identified commonly used therapies, and explored practitioners' perceptions. A cross-sectional online survey was distributed via email by NBCOT to over 132,900 registered OT practitioners; 4,420 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and difference between proportions. Most respondents reported using CHAIH, with deep breathing, sensory techniques, and yoga being most common. Practitioners who incorporated CHAIH reported significantly (p < .001) greater self-rated knowledge and more positive attitudes compared with those who did not. However, fewer than 18% rated themselves as "very" or "extremely" knowledgeable. Findings highlight a gap between practice and knowledge, suggesting a need for future research to guide evidence-based integration of CHAIH in OT practice.

Peer support interventions complement traditional rehabilitation services and contribute to improving physical and mental health and community living outcomes in diverse disability populations. Yet, little is known about the impact that being a peer support worker has on people with physical disabilities who take on these roles. Peer health navigators (PHN) are a type of peer support worker specifically trained to help other people with disabilities breakdown barriers to health, healthcare, and social participation. This qualitative study explored identity transformations experienced by people with physical disabilities after adopting a PHN role in a community-based participatory research intervention study. Specifically, we used interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of peer health navigators from the Our Peers-Empowerment Navigational Support study. Participants identified that serving as a PHN had a transformative impact on their disability experience through relational processes of co-creation of a positive disability identity and reciprocal empowerment. Occupational therapy practitioners can facilitate peer support through intentional skill and community building.

Community advisory boards (CABs) can improve the relevance and impact of research. CABs often guide timebound research projects or inform strategy at large institutions. By contrast, we developed a CAB for collaborative neurorehabilitation research as an arm of a research laboratory. Community members (e.g., stroke survivors, care partners, therapists) engage in research and community initiatives around a shared vision. Existing CAB literature and implementation resources primarily describe project and institutional CABs, with less evidence of alternative CAB models. Therefore, this article describes the development of an ongoing CAB partnership and the evaluation of community member engagement over time. Two years after establishing the NPNL Stroke Advisory Board, we describe the Board's activities, evaluation process, and early successes and challenges with the intention of promoting transparency of community-engaged approaches and empower similar partnerships to form.

Occupational therapists recognize parenting as within their scope; however, little is known about how this translates to practice with adult clients with disabilities or other challenges. We sought to describe contemporary global occupational therapy practice for parenting with adult clients, including assessment and interventions. A cross-sectional e-survey designed for the study was implemented in eight languages. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Responses were received from 1,357 occupational therapists across 42 countries. Of these, 43.1% (n = 586) frequently ask their clients who are parents about parenting roles and occupations, while 34.2% (n = 465) frequently or very frequently address parenting concerns. Assessments typically relied on informal approaches or the use of broad measures of occupational performance. The most frequently reported parenting intervention was the provision of education and training in parenting skills. Occupational therapy practice for parenting remains underdeveloped, with limited evidence of comprehensive occupational therapy assessment or intervention.

People with mental health issues are three times more likely to be unemployed. The purpose of this community-engaged research project was to address an issue brought up by our community partner that people with mental health challenges were restricted from participating in employment. A photovoice study was conducted to answer the research question: what facilitating factors and hindering factors of employment were encountered by people with mental health challenges? Seven participants recruited by our community partner completed three rounds of photo assignments and group meetings. Study findings revealed that mental health conditions presented challenges in finding, acquiring, and retaining employment, and that self-management strategies and a safe work environment were critical to facilitate employment participation. A community advisory group was informed about the study findings. We then hosted photovoice exhibit events to increase awareness about the employment issue for community people. Recommendations for conducting community-engaged research are discussed.

Background: Health behaviors significantly influence health outcomes after cancer. However, few studies have tested occupational therapy (OT) self-management training to catalyze health behavior change.

Objectives: To establish proof of concept of a 12-week OT intervention designed to improve occupational performance and/or satisfaction in cancer survivors.

Methods: This single-arm, prospective study used the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure to measure change in occupational performance and satisfaction related to health behaviors in a convenience sample of 20 cancer survivors.

Results: Both occupational performance and occupational satisfaction scores increased for all participants (n = 20) post-intervention. A total of 18 participants (86%) demonstrated a clinically significant change in performance scores (≥2), and 19 participants (95%) demonstrated a clinically significant change in satisfaction scores (≥2).

Conclusion: OT, when leveraged for a health self-management intervention, may result in improvements in both occupational performance and satisfaction related to health behavior in cancer survivors.