Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

A child's sensory processing and sensory integration (SP-SI) differences can be a barrier to participation in daily life for both child and mother. Supporting mothers is advocated for, but little is known about the everyday experiences of these mothers. To gain an understanding of daily life for mothers and their children with SP-SI differences. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with six mothers were analyzed through thematic analysis. Theme 1 described the impact of child SP-SI on daily life, including challenges in occupations across environments, adaptations required, and the lack of knowledge and understanding from social and professional networks. Theme 2 identified what helps: empowering mothers through relationships based on listening, gaining knowledge, and understanding, and adapting the activity and the environment. Mothers report that their child's SP-SI differences impact daily occupations and social relationships. In addition, supportive relationships, adapting activities, and adapting the environment, support participation.

The utilization of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), has doubled in the past decade. The occupational balance of women undergoing infertility and its treatments is unknown. A qualitative study to investigate the occupational balance of women undergoing IVF for infertility was completed. Ten women currently undergoing or having undergone IVF were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the effect of IVF on occupational balance. Three themes emerged, tunnel vision, it's all on me, and I'm not enough, highlighting the challenges faced by women during the IVF journey that affect their occupational balance. Participants reported a lack of occupational balance due to the intense focus on IVF, overwhelming responsibilities, inadequate support, anxiety, depression, and self-doubt. Comprehensive, holistic support and intervention are necessary to address the occupational well-being of women undergoing IVF and can be provided by OTPs.

Background: Children's participation is an important outcome for children, families, and rehabilitation.

Objectives: We compared participation patterns (home and community) of 6- to 12-year-old Japanese children with autism and children with typical development (TD) and explored the associations of participation with familial, environmental, and child-related factors.

Method: Twenty-five mothers of children with autism and 21 mothers of TD children completed a survey covering their child's participation and environment, family empowerment, autism symptoms, sensory processing, behavior, and demographic characteristics.

Results: Children with autism showed restricted home and community participation. Home involvement was associated with family empowerment and the children's age, whereas home frequency was linked to environmental supportiveness and household income.

Conclusion: Japanese children with autism need appropriate support to address decreased participation. Occupational therapists may focus on family empowerment and the child's environment to facilitate the home participation of children with autism.

Lost work opportunity and forced retirement demonstrate negative health impacts related to occupational deprivation. Measuring occupational loss during the retirement transition can be problematic. The objective of the study is to clarify measurement of involuntary retirement in its relationship to occupational loss and deprivation. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, survey data on unemployment, forced retirement, and earlier-than-planned retirement from 195 screened retirees yielded 102 reporting at least one lost work opportunity event, with 18 interviewed about occupational loss within the analytic timeframe. Planned retirement age was similar for full-employment and lost work opportunity groups. Actual retirement age was earlier in the lost work opportunity sample (age 57.5 compared with 61.2). Interviews identified a 22% discrepancy between forced retirement reported in survey versus interview data. Themes emerging from the interviews indicated financial and identity challenges from lost work opportunity, a dialectical trade-off between lost opportunity and daily freedom, and overall resilience.

On-road assessment is optimal for determining medical fitness-to-drive but unreliable if determined by global pass/fail decisions alone. Occupational therapists need standardized, psychometrically sound on-road scoring procedures. Performance Analysis of Driving Ability (P-Drive) is a promising on-road test developed in Sweden, but it has not been standardized for Australasia. We investigated the psychometric properties and concordance with an on-road decision of data gathered with the Australasian version of P-Drive. P-Drive was administered to older and cognitively impaired drivers (N = 134) aged 18 to 91 years (mean age 68) who were referred to 10 driving clinics in Australia and New Zealand to determine driving performance. Rasch analysis provided evidence for construct validity and concordance of the data gathered. An optimal cut-off score of 85 was set, yielding evidence of good sensitivity at 88% and specificity at 88%. The Australasian version of P-Drive produces valid and reliable data regarding on-road driving performance.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, as children may present developmental and chronic impairments in cognitive-emotional and sensory-motor aspects. This study examined the changes in self-efficacy, muscle tone, and mood following a single session of Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EAOT) within Attention Skills Therapy (ASTride) intervention, designed to improve emotional and cognitive functions. Notably, 31 children diagnosed with ADHD aged 6-12 (mean age 10.06) years. A preliminary study of pre- and post-single 45-min session was performed, using the New General Self-efficacy Scale (NGSE), the Moos Scale Questionnaire (MSQ), and the prone extension test. A significant improvement in self-efficacy and in positive mood, and a decrease in negative mood were found, along with a significant improvement in core muscles. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness of EAOT for children with ADHD regarding emotional and sensory-motor (vestibular) functions.

This scoping review aimed to map the various facets of intuition in occupational therapy (OT), from its definitions, theoretical frameworks, epistemological paradigms to practical applications, highlighting its role in decision-making. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a systematic search of five databases from 1990 to August 2023 identified 337 records related to OT and intuition. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 22 studies were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the title/abstract and full-text screening. Thematic analysis synthesized descriptions of intuitive reasoning, and the studies' epistemologies were interpreted based on stated methodologies and knowledge conceptions. Key themes depicted OT's intuition as personalized knowledge developed through practice. Constructivist paradigms recognizing subjective meaning-making predominated (63.6%), while postpositivists related to self-reported intuition to decision outcomes quantitatively (22.7%). Despite increasing interdisciplinary attention, occupational therapists' intuition remains understudied. Integrating analytical and intuitive practice through reflection is crucial for client-centered expertise.

Intrinsic capacity (IC), an internal composite ability proposed by the World Health Organization, is fundamental to older people's health. The present study examined potential models explaining the association between IC and quality of life (QoL) among older people in Taiwan. Frailty, basic activities of daily living (BADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were hypothesized to be mediators in the association between IC and QoL. Older people aged 50 years or above from community or medical center (N = 1,235; M_age = 72.63 years [SD = 7.19]; 601 males [48.7%]) completed a series of self-report and functional measures assessing IC, frailty, ADLs, and QoL. Results showed that IC was significantly associated with frailty, BADL, IADL, and QoL in the mediation models. Frailty was found to be a significant mediator in the association between IC and QoL alone or together with IADL. The findings indicate that IC is an important factor for older people to maintain good health and live a fulfilling life.

Background: Errorless learning is an intervention technique used in acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation. To support the use of this intervention within occupational therapy practice, it is important to know how errorless learning has been applied to (re)train daily functions.

Objectives: To describe the empirical literature on errorless learning applied to everyday functioning in adults with ABI.

Method: A scoping review was conducted with systematic searching of four databases (i.e., AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) and screening by independent reviewers.

Findings: 41 experiments from 34 papers met eligibility criteria. Errorless learning has been heterogeneously delineated, described, and applied. Operationalization of everyday functioning has been poorly reported, and mostly applied to technology use and instrumental activities of daily living.

Implications: Greater clarity and detail of errorless learning interventions are required, and more research is needed on its applications to everyday functioning.

Occupation-based groups can be used to improve occupational performance outcomes in the inpatient rehabilitation setting. It remains unclear whether they offer comparable outcomes to occupation-based interventions delivered individually. This study aims to pilot an occupation-based group intervention and compare occupational performance, satisfaction, and goal attainment outcomes with usual care. Twenty-one participants (15 women, 6 men, aged 34-85) were allocated to control (n = 11) and intervention (n = 10) groups. The control group received usual care (individual occupation-based interventions), while the intervention group received usual care plus an occupation-based group intervention. The method used a pilot quasi-experimental pre- to post-intervention design with a nonequivalent control group. The primary outcome measures were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). No significant between-group differences were found; both groups reported statistically significant improvements with medium to large effect sizes. Pilot data suggests that occupation-based groups offered comparable outcomes to individual treatment; a larger sample size is required to draw conclusions on their impact. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (https://uat.anzctr.org.au/Default.aspx) was accessed on November 20, 2023. Registration number: ACTRN12623001196639.