Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common pediatric motor disability, characterized by unilateral motor weakness. Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (pCIMT) improves affected extremity function but faces variable clinical integration. This study assessed U.S. providers' awareness and use of pCIMT, educational practices, and barriers to broader implementation for more eligible children. Overall, 148 providers specializing in pediatric stroke or hemiplegic CP completed surveys on pCIMT familiarity, implementation challenges, and support for evidence-based practices (EBP). Participants indicated high pCIMT competency. Although 75% reported regional pCIMT availability, only 14% indicated that pCIMT is accessible to all children who could benefit. Reported barriers included therapist and family availability, cost, and institutional limitations. Despite valuing EBP, participants reported minimal workplace support for its use. The study revealed significant barriers to pCIMT accessibility and implementation. Further research is needed to address these challenges and improve clinical adoption of EBP, such as pCIMT.

The Performance Quality Rating Scale for Somatosensation after Stroke (PQRS-SS) guides observation of survivors of stroke performing client-selected occupations, using common operational definitions. We aimed to determine the inter- and intra-rater reliability, standard error of measurement, and feasibility (via interviews and thematic analysis) of the PQRS-SS version 3. Videos of 22 survivors of stroke with somatosensory impairment completing 38 client-selected occupations on two occasions (76 clips) were viewed by four clinicians twice, 6 weeks apart (PQRS-SS version 3). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and interview data are reported. For PQRS-SS version 3, inter-rater reliability was moderate to excellent (ICC_2,1 = 0.71, ICC_2,4 = 0.91) and intra-rater reliability was good (ICC_3,1 = 0.76-0.87). Clinician raters reported the PQRS-SS version 3 was easy to use. The PQRS-SS version 3 is ready for use by trained, experienced clinicians and is ready for ongoing psychometric testing.

Injuries occurring at work can have consequences exceeding the physical impairments including an impact on one's mental health. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine whether components of mental health correlate to outcomes of a work rehabilitation program. The sample included 355 participants treated between 2017 and 2020 at Aurora BayCare Medical Center in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The OSPRO Yellow Flag Assessment Tool, Beck's Depression Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia were administered to patients in the work rehabilitation program. The assessments indicated a weak positive correlation between the varying psychological factors assessed and the duration of stay within the work rehabilitation program and a weak negative correlation between the percentage of job demands met at discharge. A patient's psychological status was found to be associated with outcomes with a work rehabilitation program.

Positive associations between occupational participation and quality of life (QoL) are known in various populations, but there are few reports in older adults in Japan. To quantify the association between occupational participation in meaningful occupations and QoL among Japanese community-dwelling older adults. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 626 older adults. QoL was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO)-five well-being index, and occupational participation in meaningful occupations was measured with the self-administered occupational performance index. The association between occupational participation and QoL was analyzed. Among 367 participants, significant associations were found between occupational participation in meaningful occupations and QoL. In addition, participants with lower QoL exhibited lower levels of occupational participation in occupational control, occupational balance, and satisfaction of performance domains. There is a positive association between occupational participation and QoL among Japanese older adults. Occupational therapists should prioritize occupational participation to support the well-being of older adults.

Long COVID symptoms include cognitive and physical deficits impacting one's functional performance and quality of life. Limited evidence examines the use of cognitive interventions provided by occupational therapists in treating long COVID symptoms among adults. This systematic review summarizes existing studies on cognitive interventions and rehabilitation to treat long COVID symptoms and discusses their potential use within the scope of occupational therapy practice. We identified literature from 2021 to 2023 through searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Trials, and Scopus databases. Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria and were categorized into five types of intervention: (a) cognitive training, (b) cognitive behavioral therapy, (c) neurostimulation, (d) neurostimulation combined with cognitive training, and (e) multi-component rehabilitation programs. Strong evidence supports cognitive training, moderate supports cognitive behavioral training and low-level evidence supports other interventions provided by occupational therapists to target long COVID cognitive symptoms in adults.

Aging in place contributes to increased independence and quality of life for community-dwelling older adults, but those with cognitive changes face challenges with necessary mobility and out-of-home engagement. The purpose of this research is to gain insight into the lived experience of navigating and participating in community settings despite cognitive changes. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with 10 community-dwelling older adults living with cognitive changes using the go-along method (mapping, observation, and interviews). The study revealed three key strategies for maintaining and enhancing community participation (placed-based navigation strategies, relying on routines, and cultivating familiar spaces) despite cognitive change, and revealed ways that this population accepts or avoids risk in daily life. These findings inform interventions for out-of-home participation. Existing functional strategies can be identified and enhanced, and new strategies taught. Increased knowledge about how individuals consider, avoid, or accept risk is useful for therapists working with this population.

The fidelity of interventions is essential for research, but there is little understanding about how intervention fidelity can be promoted and monitored in clinical practice. This review aimed to establish the methods used to promote and monitor the fidelity of occupational therapy interventions implemented within clinical practice. The scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) five-stage methodological framework. Four databases were searched, and included papers had a primary focus on the fidelity of an occupational therapy intervention implemented within clinical practice. Fifty-nine articles described a combination of supports including, therapist training (n = 39), manuals or protocols (n = 24), supervision or mentoring (n = 24), checklists and rating scales (n = 46), and video and audio recordings (n =18). Implementation fidelity of occupational therapy interventions within clinical practice requires a combination of approaches, with the use of checklists and discussion within supervision as a sustainable strategy.

First-generation students face structural barriers and demonstrate lower self-regulated learning (SRL) than continuing-generation peers. SRL is essential for engagement and preparation for occupational therapy practice. This study examined effects of an Academic Self-Regulation (ASR) program, supported by a mobile app, on SRL among first- and continuing-generation health professions students. Mixed methods with a pretest-posttest survey and semi-structured interviews. Using the Self-Regulated Learning Perception Scale (SRLPS), first-generation students (n = 11) scored lower than continuing-generation peers (n = 6) in motivation, planning, and self-directedness at baseline. Among the eight students completing pre/post surveys, large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 1.41-1.64) indicated improvements across all domains, eliminating group differences. Satisfaction was high (M = 4.21/5). Qualitative data highlighted greater planning, strategic learning, and ownership of learning. Structured SRL instruction with digital tools may enhance academic participation, promote equity, and support professional development in occupational therapy education.

This study aimed to determine the effects of cognitive function, activities of daily living independence, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and the diversity of activities and participation on the quality of life (QOL) of institutionalized older adults with dementia. The causal structure of these variables was also explored using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on our hypotheses. Conducted between August 2021 and December 2024, this cross-sectional study comprised 103 older adults admitted to care facilities in Japan. The SEM results and path diagram showed that BPSD had a direct negative effect on QOL, whereas the diversity of activities and participation had direct and indirect positive effects. Cognitive function had an indirectly positive effect on QOL via the diversity of activities and participation. Therefore, reducing BPSD and providing a diversity of activities and participation may contribute to improving the QOL.

Occupational balance, self-management, and quality of life (QoL) are interrelated factors that play a critical role in well-being of individuals with epilepsy. This study examined the associations between occupational balance, self-management, and QoL in adults with epilepsy. A cross-sectional-study included 71 adults with epilepsy. Participants completed the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (ESMS), and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31). Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. OBQ scores showed positive correlations with the ESMS total (r = .331, p < .01) and QOLIE-31 total (r = .251, p < .05). Moderate associations were also found with emotional well-being (r = .424, p < .01) and overall QoL (r = .425, p < .01). Findings suggest that facilitating a healthy balance of daily activities may enhance both emotional well-being and self-management in individuals with epilepsy. For occupational therapists, integrating occupation-centered strategies to foster balance may lead to meaningful improvements in self-care, independence, and long-term QoL, thereby providing clear and practical guidance for clinical interventions in epilepsy care.