Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Adults on maintenance hemodialysis face transportation barriers that disrupt treatment adherence, roles, routines, and quality of life. To review evidence of transportation barriers in adults on hemodialysis and their impact on adherence, quality of life, and community participation. A systematic review was conducted, searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect (2015-2025) databases for English-language studies. Eleven studies (n = 28-115,982) from eight countries met inclusion criteria. Four interrelated themes emerged from the synthesis: travel distance and time, transportation costs, mode of transport, and service reliability and availability. These barriers collectively constrained treatment adherence, autonomy, and participation in daily occupations, ultimately diminishing autonomy and quality of life. Transportation is a key environmental constraint on occupational performance in hemodialysis. Occupational therapists should assess transport needs, promote mobility supports, and develop interventions to enhance adherence.

Co-occupations among parents and their infants have been studied for nearly three decades, yet may be incompletely understood. An emphasis on parental subjective perspectives of their co-occupational experiences and lack of tools to equitably generate data regarding infants' experiences may contribute to gaps in understanding and measuring co-occupations. The study aimed to generate an objective rating scale for use in research contexts to quantify parent-infant co-occupations while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The Delphi method was utilized to obtain expert opinion on a proposed rating scale. Twelve occupational therapy and science expert reviewers achieved consensus at >90% agreement on the accuracy of three subscales after two survey rounds, with changes made between rounds based on expert feedback. The proposed rating scales may offer a novel measure to quantify co-occupations in the NICU. Further research is warranted to psychometrically evaluate the tool before considering clinical applications.

Assessing risks in pet owners' home environment may help develop strategies to enhance safety and well-being. The objective of this study is to uncover key themes informing the development of a home safety assessment tool for older adults with pets. A literature review and focus group interviews informed understanding of the safety concerns of older adults caring for pets. Participants were primary caregivers of a dog and/or cat (N = 30). Qualitative coding and analysis were guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. None of the six included articles identified a tool for detecting pet care safety concerns. Focus group findings indicate pet behavior, care needs, and caregiving activities impact home safety, potentially affecting safely aging in place. This study highlights the need to address home safety with pets and identifies factors for increasing safety. Findings will inform tool development; further research is needed to refine and validate.

Children with disabilities (CWD) participate in community settings less often than their nondisabled peers, often due to a lack of support. Occupational performance coaching (OPC) is an intervention that coaches adults to facilitate participation of CWD. This study examined if an OPC intervention provided to adult volunteers increased inclusion for CWD within a church setting. A mixed methods approach to using a cohort of Sunday school children with and without disabilities in a faith-setting was used. Improvements by 3 points in Goal Attainment Scale scores, by 3.2 points in total performance and 3.6 points in total satisfaction on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure scores and improvements in the social networks were noted. This study suggests OPC used with community partners to be a feasible approach for increasing community inclusion for CWD.

Occupation-based groups can be used to improve occupational performance outcomes in the inpatient rehabilitation setting. It remains unclear whether they offer comparable outcomes to occupation-based interventions delivered individually. This study aims to pilot an occupation-based group intervention and compare occupational performance, satisfaction, and goal attainment outcomes with usual care. Twenty-one participants (15 women, 6 men, aged 34-85) were allocated to control (n = 11) and intervention (n = 10) groups. The control group received usual care (individual occupation-based interventions), while the intervention group received usual care plus an occupation-based group intervention. The method used a pilot quasi-experimental pre- to post-intervention design with a nonequivalent control group. The primary outcome measures were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). No significant between-group differences were found; both groups reported statistically significant improvements with medium to large effect sizes. Pilot data suggests that occupation-based groups offered comparable outcomes to individual treatment; a larger sample size is required to draw conclusions on their impact. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (https://uat.anzctr.org.au/Default.aspx) was accessed on November 20, 2023. Registration number: ACTRN12623001196639.

Exploration of the impact and contributions of occupational therapy within multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is necessary to strengthen the clinical evidence-base. The objective of this study was to describe occupational therapy embedded within a community-based PR program and explore mechanisms of impact. A process evaluation of occupational therapy practice embedded within an 8-week multidisciplinary PR was conducted. Data sources included administrative and medical record data, intervention checklists, and semi-structured interviews incorporating the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale. Nine participants completed the PR program. The home visit and personalized, one-to-one, occupation-centered interventions were identified as key mechanisms of impact. Goal-directed training occurred within the home but not in community clinic environments. The repetitive, occupation-based training was important for learning and everyday application and promoted application of multidisciplinary learning. This evaluation highlighted that individualized occupational therapy assisted PR patients to apply knowledge, from occupational therapy and other disciplines, to real-life challenges.

Background: The increasing elderly population highlights the importance of comprehending healthy aging by examining the interactions among cognition, daily activities, and lifestyle. This study aims to address this by investigating these relationships within the World Health Organization's Healthy Aging Model. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 178 older adults from southern Iran, representing various cognitive levels. Participants underwent assessments to measure cognitive functions, lifestyle preferences, and independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire for the Iranian Elderly, and the Lawton IADL Scale. Findings: The relationships between the studied variables were identified. Lower cognitive function was found to be associated with decreased engagement in IADL and less-favorable lifestyle choices. Conclusion: Integrating cognition, IADL, and lifestyle into assessments and interventions align with both the domain and process of occupational therapy, thereby enhancing well-being and promoting healthy aging in older adults.

Practitioners need to demonstrate the value of occupational therapy services in achieving effective patient outcomes. To intervene effectively, we must have adequate assessment practices. This study examines variation in occupational therapy assessment practices by facility type, areas addressed, and types of instruments. The study characterizes commonly and frequently used assessment practices in core occupational domains and identifies potential practice gaps related to assessment. A cross-sectional online survey across six domains central to adult occupational therapy practice (activities of daily living [ADL], instrumental activities of daily living [IADL], fear of falling, functional cognition, psychosocial, and vision) was administered to practitioners in various settings. Surveys were obtained from 1,198 respondent. Survey responses identified differences in domains being assessed and assessment methods used by occupational therapy practitioners across hospital inpatient post-acute care facilities and community settings. There is variability in the methods used to assess domains critical to occupational therapy practice and the degree to which occupational therapists evaluate domains in practice settings.

Occupation-based practice (OBP) is an integral part of stroke rehabilitation, focusing on engaging individuals in daily activities. However, the mechanisms that underpin its positive outcomes remain insufficiently explored. This scoping review explores reported OBPs, including interventions across hospitals, communities, or both settings for stroke rehabilitation, and identifies the emerging powers of occupation within these practices. Employing the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews was applied with a deductive research approach. A total of 45 articles were selected. Findings revealed that OBPs can evoke all nine powers of occupation proposed by Bontje, which include therapeutic change, self-expression, participation, and habit formation. Hospital-based practices primarily focused on enhancing physical and cognitive functions, whereas community-based approaches concentrated on fostering independence and social integration. In summary, OBPs are essential tools in stroke rehabilitation, offering a comprehensive approach to address the physical, emotional, and social needs of individuals with stroke during their recovery journey.

Occupational performance challenges are common among breast cancer survivors (BCS). In a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), our rehabilitation intervention catalyzed significantly greater improvements in occupational performance compared to an education-based control condition. To describe BCS' activity priorities and examine what short-term goal characteristics (i.e., focus) and outcomes (i.e., attainment, satisfaction) predicted long-term occupational performance improvement. Post hoc analysis of intervention session data from an RCT. Content analysis was used to summarize participants' short-term and long-term goals. Linear regressions were conducted to examine associations between weekly goal characteristics and outcomes and occupational performance improvement. Among 138 BCS, 119 (86.2%) set long-term goals focused on exercise. Self-reported satisfaction with weekly goal outcomes was the strongest predictor of occupational performance improvement (η_p² = 0.14-0.17, p < .001). Satisfaction with short-term goal outcomes, regardless of goal focus or attainment, predicts long-term occupational performance improvement in the year following breast cancer treatment.