Otjr-Occupation Participation and Health最新文献

Occupation-based practice (OBP) is considered a cornerstone of occupational therapy practice. However, there is no consensus-based definition of OBP, let alone agreement on its mediators across practice settings. To describe how OBP is currently conceptualized and enacted across different practice settings, a descriptive qualitative approach of focus groups and elicitation of visual data (e.g., photographs, video recordings) was used with 65 participants. Multiple rounds of qualitative data analysis were used to identify codes and themes. Three themes were identified: (a) contextual factors of OBP, (b) client status, and (c) temporal characteristics of OBP. OBP is influenced by institutional, historical, and temporal aspects of practice settings, with further exploration needed across different practice settings and occupational therapy pedagogy styles. Considering the influence of contextual aspects may support occupational therapy practitioners and researchers' efforts to support their advocacy for occupation as a foundational concept in the profession.

Over half of women in the United States report urinary incontinence (UI). This condition can be treated conservatively, but many people do not seek treatment. The current correlational study assessed women's knowledge of UI. Specifically, we investigated the relationships between knowledge level about UI and quality of life (QoL), and between severity level of UI and QoL. A convenience cross-sectional sample of 39 older women was obtained from two YMCA locations. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. A significant relationship was found between severity of UI and QoL, r_s = -.73, p < .001; no relationship was found between knowledge level of UI and QoL, r_s = .24, p = .13. Results suggested women's knowledge about the causes of UI and conservative therapy is limited. Occupational therapists need to address UI with their patients and educate them about treatment options and availability.

The purpose of this study was to understand the occupational performance of parents with cancer and to understand if photo-elicitation would provide new insights into these experiences. In a semi-structured photo-elicitation interview, 36 participants living with and beyond cancer who had children under 18 years old shared and discussed photographs related to their parenting experiences. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two main themes were identified. Parents shared how they (a) managed daily responsibilities and (b) maintained connection with their family. Across all types, stages and phases of the cancer continuum parents shared experiences related to maintaining child and family responsibilities and maintaining connection with their children. Photo-elicitation was an efficient and effective method to gather rich data from parents living with cancer. The results emphasize the clinical utility of using photo-elicitation to understand the occupational performance of parents throughout the cancer continuum of care.

Alcohol contributes to higher fall risk in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet fall prevention trials for PWH with alcohol use are lacking. To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial of a 10-week online fall prevention intervention tailored for PLWH with alcohol use. The intervention consisted of weekly virtual group discussions, individual phone check-ins, and home exercises. Of those eligible, 53.5% (23/43) enrolled (12 to the intervention and 11 to control). Mean age was 58 years; 82.6% had a past 6-month fall; 65.2% had alcohol use disorder; and 95.7% completed postintervention assessments. The intervention was highly rated (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 score M = 30.4, SD = 1.6) with a wide range of group and individual phone session attendance. Preliminary analyses suggest the intervention may reduce the odds of falling and alcohol use frequency. Findings support the feasibility of a larger randomized trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04804579.

There is a paucity of research into the strategies occupational therapists use to maintain career longevity professional resilience. The objective of the study was to identify the strategies used by occupational therapists to maintain their professional resilience. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data from a cross-sectional survey that investigated the professional resilience strategies used by experienced occupational therapists. Valid responses were received from 489 occupational therapists from 29 countries. The most used professional resilience strategies were maintaining a belief in the value of occupational therapy, taking time for reflection on positive outcomes, using personal time management strategies, and engagement in informal and formal professional support networks. A range of professional resilience strategies are used by experienced occupational therapists in health and social care settings. The findings can be used by managers and workplace organizations to support their occupational therapy workforce.

Previous studies have stated that both objective and subjective cognitive abilities and mental health symptoms are associated with community participation poststroke. However, there is a need to understand the direct and indirect associations among these variables in persons with stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate whether mental health symptoms mediate the associations of subjective and objective cognitive abilities with community participation poststroke. We built regression-based mediation models with 74 participants with mild to moderate stroke. Independent variables were objective and subjective cognitive abilities. The dependent variable was community participation. Mediators were mental health symptoms including depression, apathy, and anxiety. The results indicated that depression (b = .093), apathy (b = .134), and anxiety (b = .116) fully mediated the association between subjective cognitive ability (p < .05), but not objective cognitive ability (p > .05), and community participation poststroke. Our findings suggest that poor subjective cognitive ability combined with mental health symptoms should be addressed together to promote community participation poststroke.

Occupational therapy practitioners' (OTP's) perceptions of their role in working on the acute postpartum hospital unit are unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the perspectives of OTP's enrolled in a continuing education course to gain competency in providing services to acute postpartum patients. Investigators engaged in a phenomenology consisting of semi-structured interviews with six OTP's working in acute care hospitals preparing to work on the postpartum unit. Three themes emerged from transcripts: (a) Its' Not THAT Different; (b) Willing To Try; and (c) Shifting Focus To Mom. OTPs working in hospitals identified existing skills applicable to working with acute postpartum patients, a need for additional learning to enhance competence, and a desire to focus support for the birthing person to improve maternal outcomes. Hospital onboarding and/or entry-level OTP programs should consider including education on the postpartum population. Future research should focus on program implementation on acute postpartum hospital units.

A child's sensory processing and sensory integration (SP-SI) differences can be a barrier to participation in daily life for both child and mother. Supporting mothers is advocated for, but little is known about the everyday experiences of these mothers. To gain an understanding of daily life for mothers and their children with SP-SI differences. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with six mothers were analyzed through thematic analysis. Theme 1 described the impact of child SP-SI on daily life, including challenges in occupations across environments, adaptations required, and the lack of knowledge and understanding from social and professional networks. Theme 2 identified what helps: empowering mothers through relationships based on listening, gaining knowledge, and understanding, and adapting the activity and the environment. Mothers report that their child's SP-SI differences impact daily occupations and social relationships. In addition, supportive relationships, adapting activities, and adapting the environment, support participation.

The utilization of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), has doubled in the past decade. The occupational balance of women undergoing infertility and its treatments is unknown. A qualitative study to investigate the occupational balance of women undergoing IVF for infertility was completed. Ten women currently undergoing or having undergone IVF were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the effect of IVF on occupational balance. Three themes emerged, tunnel vision, it's all on me, and I'm not enough, highlighting the challenges faced by women during the IVF journey that affect their occupational balance. Participants reported a lack of occupational balance due to the intense focus on IVF, overwhelming responsibilities, inadequate support, anxiety, depression, and self-doubt. Comprehensive, holistic support and intervention are necessary to address the occupational well-being of women undergoing IVF and can be provided by OTPs.

Background: Children's participation is an important outcome for children, families, and rehabilitation.

Objectives: We compared participation patterns (home and community) of 6- to 12-year-old Japanese children with autism and children with typical development (TD) and explored the associations of participation with familial, environmental, and child-related factors.

Method: Twenty-five mothers of children with autism and 21 mothers of TD children completed a survey covering their child's participation and environment, family empowerment, autism symptoms, sensory processing, behavior, and demographic characteristics.

Results: Children with autism showed restricted home and community participation. Home involvement was associated with family empowerment and the children's age, whereas home frequency was linked to environmental supportiveness and household income.

Conclusion: Japanese children with autism need appropriate support to address decreased participation. Occupational therapists may focus on family empowerment and the child's environment to facilitate the home participation of children with autism.