Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.1177/17488958211028721
Carol Robinson
The growing number of deaths from natural causes in prison custody adds urgency to the need to consider what influences the behaviour of prison staff towards dying prisoners. This article identifies the effects on prisoners, their families and prison staff of defining quality end-of-life care as that which meets the expected requirements of an anticipated post-death investigation. Using data collected in two English prisons via ethnographic methods, it explores the practical consequences, emotional effects and bureaucratisation of death arising from the anticipation of an investigation. Taking its lead from research participants, it focuses on the influence of anticipating an investigation by the Prison and Probation Ombudsman, but also the effects of expecting police and coronial investigations. Analysing responses to anticipating an investigation reveals consequences for the care of prisoners, their families and prison staff, which are arguably unintended by the investigating bodies.
{"title":"The anticipation of an investigation: The effects of expecting investigations after a death from natural causes in prison custody","authors":"Carol Robinson","doi":"10.1177/17488958211028721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211028721","url":null,"abstract":"The growing number of deaths from natural causes in prison custody adds urgency to the need to consider what influences the behaviour of prison staff towards dying prisoners. This article identifies the effects on prisoners, their families and prison staff of defining quality end-of-life care as that which meets the expected requirements of an anticipated post-death investigation. Using data collected in two English prisons via ethnographic methods, it explores the practical consequences, emotional effects and bureaucratisation of death arising from the anticipation of an investigation. Taking its lead from research participants, it focuses on the influence of anticipating an investigation by the Prison and Probation Ombudsman, but also the effects of expecting police and coronial investigations. Analysing responses to anticipating an investigation reveals consequences for the care of prisoners, their families and prison staff, which are arguably unintended by the investigating bodies.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211028721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46605626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-17DOI: 10.1177/17488958211021703
Nikki D’Souza, J. Shapland
There is scarce research evidence of restorative justice being used in the context of serious and organised crime offending. This study sought to explore the feasibility of using restorative justice by canvassing the views of experts, serious and organised crime offenders and serious and organised crime victims in England. Offenders and victims were given the opportunity to engage in a restorative justice initiative and individual cases were pursued accordingly as a series of case studies. Case studies were limited to large-scale serious and organised fraud. Stark differences in views were apparent between serious and organised crime experts and restorative justice experts, the former doubting offenders’ motivations and pointing to their dangerousness without fully considering victim perspectives. Despite high attrition rates among some offenders expressing an initial willingness to pursue restorative justice, where both parties wished to participate, sustained motivation was observed. This study highlights inequities in the way that police forces have implemented the 2015 Victims Code requirements for restorative justice in England and Wales, potentially blocking opportunities for closure, social integration and reduced reoffending.
{"title":"The exclusion of serious and organised offenders and their victims from the offer of restorative justice: Should this be so and what happens when the offer is put on the table?","authors":"Nikki D’Souza, J. Shapland","doi":"10.1177/17488958211021703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211021703","url":null,"abstract":"There is scarce research evidence of restorative justice being used in the context of serious and organised crime offending. This study sought to explore the feasibility of using restorative justice by canvassing the views of experts, serious and organised crime offenders and serious and organised crime victims in England. Offenders and victims were given the opportunity to engage in a restorative justice initiative and individual cases were pursued accordingly as a series of case studies. Case studies were limited to large-scale serious and organised fraud. Stark differences in views were apparent between serious and organised crime experts and restorative justice experts, the former doubting offenders’ motivations and pointing to their dangerousness without fully considering victim perspectives. Despite high attrition rates among some offenders expressing an initial willingness to pursue restorative justice, where both parties wished to participate, sustained motivation was observed. This study highlights inequities in the way that police forces have implemented the 2015 Victims Code requirements for restorative justice in England and Wales, potentially blocking opportunities for closure, social integration and reduced reoffending.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211021703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65568264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1177/17488958211017391
D. Evans, Adam Trahan, Kaleigh B. Laird
The detriment of incarceration experienced by the formerly incarcerated has been increasingly explored in the literature on reentry. A tangential but equally concerning issue that has recently received more research attention is the effect on family members of the incarcerated. The stigma of a criminal conviction is most apparent among families of convicted sex offenders, who experience consequences parallel to those of their convicted relative. Drawing from interviews with 30 individuals with a family member incarcerated for a sex offence in the United States, this study explores manifestations of stigma due to familial association. The findings suggest that families face negative treatment from social networks and criminal justice officials, engage in self-blame and that the media’s control over the narrative exacerbates family members’ experiences. Given the pervasiveness of criminal justice system contact, the rapid growth of the sex offender registry in the United States, and the millions of family members peripherally affected by one or both, justice system reforms are needed to ensure that family members are shielded from the harms of incarceration and registration.
{"title":"Shame and blame: Secondary stigma among families of convicted sex offenders","authors":"D. Evans, Adam Trahan, Kaleigh B. Laird","doi":"10.1177/17488958211017391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211017391","url":null,"abstract":"The detriment of incarceration experienced by the formerly incarcerated has been increasingly explored in the literature on reentry. A tangential but equally concerning issue that has recently received more research attention is the effect on family members of the incarcerated. The stigma of a criminal conviction is most apparent among families of convicted sex offenders, who experience consequences parallel to those of their convicted relative. Drawing from interviews with 30 individuals with a family member incarcerated for a sex offence in the United States, this study explores manifestations of stigma due to familial association. The findings suggest that families face negative treatment from social networks and criminal justice officials, engage in self-blame and that the media’s control over the narrative exacerbates family members’ experiences. Given the pervasiveness of criminal justice system contact, the rapid growth of the sex offender registry in the United States, and the millions of family members peripherally affected by one or both, justice system reforms are needed to ensure that family members are shielded from the harms of incarceration and registration.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211017391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42941600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1177/17488958211017372
M. Rossner, D. Tait
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the use of video-mediated justice practices. However, such developments have already been transforming justice over the course of the previous 20 years. Scholars and legal professinals have expressed concerns over how remote appearance in court impacts perceptions of the accused. In this article, we consider some of these concerns and explore the concept of the ‘distributed court’ as a potential remedy. Unlike traditional video appearance in court, where a defendant participates remotely while all other players are co-located in the same courtroom, in a distributed court all participants meet in a shared virtual space. Such a configuration is similar to the virtual courts developed worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on a reimagining of co-presence from scholars in the sociology of technology to elaborate the concept of the distributed court. We then present the results of a mock jury study that examines how jurors respond to variations in court technology configurations. We find that appearing by video does not impact the likelihood of a guilty verdict. Rather, a defendant appearing alone in a dock seems to be the most prejudicial location. We find that a distributed court can communicate equality and produce a shared experience of remote participation. We conclude with a discussion of how this research can inform best practice in a future where a significant number of criminal hearings are likely to continue in a virtual format.
{"title":"Presence and participation in a virtual court","authors":"M. Rossner, D. Tait","doi":"10.1177/17488958211017372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211017372","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the use of video-mediated justice practices. However, such developments have already been transforming justice over the course of the previous 20 years. Scholars and legal professinals have expressed concerns over how remote appearance in court impacts perceptions of the accused. In this article, we consider some of these concerns and explore the concept of the ‘distributed court’ as a potential remedy. Unlike traditional video appearance in court, where a defendant participates remotely while all other players are co-located in the same courtroom, in a distributed court all participants meet in a shared virtual space. Such a configuration is similar to the virtual courts developed worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on a reimagining of co-presence from scholars in the sociology of technology to elaborate the concept of the distributed court. We then present the results of a mock jury study that examines how jurors respond to variations in court technology configurations. We find that appearing by video does not impact the likelihood of a guilty verdict. Rather, a defendant appearing alone in a dock seems to be the most prejudicial location. We find that a distributed court can communicate equality and produce a shared experience of remote participation. We conclude with a discussion of how this research can inform best practice in a future where a significant number of criminal hearings are likely to continue in a virtual format.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211017372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43052772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.1177/17488958211017384
Justin R. Ellis
Recent criminological research has developed a processual conceptualisation of scandal to analyse policing and criminal justice transgression and its attempted management. Through media content analysis and in-depth interviews with police and non-police respondents, this article applies criminological theories of scandal to a case of bystander-filmed police excessive force at the 2013 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras parade and uploaded to YouTube. The article renders scandal more complex than existing models, emphasising outrage and surprise in cases of bystander social media police scandals involving police excessive force, in conjunction with Mawby’s processual model. However, it argues that despite the mobilising force of outrage through social media, police capture of police complaint mechanisms and political opportunism can normalise police transgression and blur lines of responsibility. Individual transgressions can be linked to a macro, ‘chronic’ scandal of police excessive force, diminishing scandal’s conceptual and practical purchase as a police accountability lever.
{"title":"Social media, police excessive force and the limits of outrage: Evaluating models of police scandal","authors":"Justin R. Ellis","doi":"10.1177/17488958211017384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211017384","url":null,"abstract":"Recent criminological research has developed a processual conceptualisation of scandal to analyse policing and criminal justice transgression and its attempted management. Through media content analysis and in-depth interviews with police and non-police respondents, this article applies criminological theories of scandal to a case of bystander-filmed police excessive force at the 2013 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras parade and uploaded to YouTube. The article renders scandal more complex than existing models, emphasising outrage and surprise in cases of bystander social media police scandals involving police excessive force, in conjunction with Mawby’s processual model. However, it argues that despite the mobilising force of outrage through social media, police capture of police complaint mechanisms and political opportunism can normalise police transgression and blur lines of responsibility. Individual transgressions can be linked to a macro, ‘chronic’ scandal of police excessive force, diminishing scandal’s conceptual and practical purchase as a police accountability lever.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211017384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41708887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1177/17488958211017370
Yuning Wu, Ivan Y Su, Rong Hu
Rising crime rates and strained police–community relations in China are calling for more research on people’s crime-reporting desires and associated predictors. Drawing upon survey data collected from a sample of 757 local and nonlocal residents in a large city in Southern China, this study takes the initiative to assess Chinese people’s reluctance to report crime to the police. Results show that a lower level of political efficacy, external efficacy specifically, is associated with a higher level of reluctance to report crime. The effects of group care are mixed, with the inner-circle care exerting a negative and the outer-circle care a positive association with crime-reporting desires. Furthermore, net of all controls, local hukou residents express lower levels of willingness than their nonlocal counterparts to report crime. Finally, the perception of police misconduct is the most significant and strongest predictor of Chinese people’s reluctance to report crime. These findings suggest the importance of including a combination of both policing and non-policing factors when studying crime-reporting inclination, opening up an interdisciplinary perspective for studying the issue.
{"title":"Chinese reluctance to report crime: Political efficacy, group care and hukou","authors":"Yuning Wu, Ivan Y Su, Rong Hu","doi":"10.1177/17488958211017370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211017370","url":null,"abstract":"Rising crime rates and strained police–community relations in China are calling for more research on people’s crime-reporting desires and associated predictors. Drawing upon survey data collected from a sample of 757 local and nonlocal residents in a large city in Southern China, this study takes the initiative to assess Chinese people’s reluctance to report crime to the police. Results show that a lower level of political efficacy, external efficacy specifically, is associated with a higher level of reluctance to report crime. The effects of group care are mixed, with the inner-circle care exerting a negative and the outer-circle care a positive association with crime-reporting desires. Furthermore, net of all controls, local hukou residents express lower levels of willingness than their nonlocal counterparts to report crime. Finally, the perception of police misconduct is the most significant and strongest predictor of Chinese people’s reluctance to report crime. These findings suggest the importance of including a combination of both policing and non-policing factors when studying crime-reporting inclination, opening up an interdisciplinary perspective for studying the issue.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211017370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43860897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1177/17488958211017385
Leanid Kazyrytski
This article describes the characteristics and scale of Francoist repression in Spain and analyses the potential interpretation of the mass killings of people with leftist ideology as an act of genocide in accordance with the provisions of international law. Focus is placed on the difficulties associated with the inclusion of political groups in the category of genocide victims, and the possibility of a broader interpretation of this categorization is defended. Furthermore, the present study emphasizes the influence of the positivist trend on the configuration of Francoist criminal policy and provides evidence that allows Francoist repression to be considered as genocide in full accordance with international law.
{"title":"Francoist repression in Spain and the crime of genocide","authors":"Leanid Kazyrytski","doi":"10.1177/17488958211017385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211017385","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the characteristics and scale of Francoist repression in Spain and analyses the potential interpretation of the mass killings of people with leftist ideology as an act of genocide in accordance with the provisions of international law. Focus is placed on the difficulties associated with the inclusion of political groups in the category of genocide victims, and the possibility of a broader interpretation of this categorization is defended. Furthermore, the present study emphasizes the influence of the positivist trend on the configuration of Francoist criminal policy and provides evidence that allows Francoist repression to be considered as genocide in full accordance with international law.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211017385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48242142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1177/17488958211017390
Tobias Kammersgaard, T. F. Søgaard, M. B. Haller, Torsten Kolind, G. Hunt
Recent years have seen trends within police to use different forms of “community policing” strategies that aim to foster closer relationships and trust with citizens, as well as an orientation toward “procedural justice” in law enforcement practices. Based on 25 interviews with police officers in two different police precincts in Denmark, this article explores the policing of ethnic minority youth in so-called “ghetto” areas from the perspectives of police officers. In doing this, we describe the specific challenges and strategies in implementing such policing methods in neighborhoods where some residents display low trust or even hostility toward the police. The article sheds light on the emotional, organizational, and practical challenges involved in doing community policing in marginalized neighborhoods and the way in which this shapes how community policing is being organized in practice.
{"title":"Community policing in Danish “ghetto” areas: Trust and distrust between the police and ethnic minority youth","authors":"Tobias Kammersgaard, T. F. Søgaard, M. B. Haller, Torsten Kolind, G. Hunt","doi":"10.1177/17488958211017390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211017390","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen trends within police to use different forms of “community policing” strategies that aim to foster closer relationships and trust with citizens, as well as an orientation toward “procedural justice” in law enforcement practices. Based on 25 interviews with police officers in two different police precincts in Denmark, this article explores the policing of ethnic minority youth in so-called “ghetto” areas from the perspectives of police officers. In doing this, we describe the specific challenges and strategies in implementing such policing methods in neighborhoods where some residents display low trust or even hostility toward the police. The article sheds light on the emotional, organizational, and practical challenges involved in doing community policing in marginalized neighborhoods and the way in which this shapes how community policing is being organized in practice.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211017390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47570939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1177/17488958211016848
Natalie Rutter
Much previous research has considered experiences of bereavement and loss in a prison-based setting. This overshadows the nature of bereavement within the context of community supervision and probation delivery, resulting in inadequate explorations of the potential link to persistence and/or desistance from crime. Research into desistance has predominantly focused on relationships with those who are still alive. This article evidences an emergent theme of bereavement experiences within the context of probation delivery, relationships and desistance. It draws upon narrative research undertaken within a Community Rehabilitation Company in the north of England, collected as part of a doctoral thesis. Evidence demonstrates the similarities between the process of desistance and that of bereavement with the narratives of men and women reiterating how bereavement can influence the onset of criminal or risk-taking behaviour whilst highlighting emergent evidence on how bereavement can disrupt desistance. This enables the article to highlight the importance of resilience in the process of both bereavement and desistance.
{"title":"Negotiating bereavement and loss: Influencing persistence and desistance from crime","authors":"Natalie Rutter","doi":"10.1177/17488958211016848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211016848","url":null,"abstract":"Much previous research has considered experiences of bereavement and loss in a prison-based setting. This overshadows the nature of bereavement within the context of community supervision and probation delivery, resulting in inadequate explorations of the potential link to persistence and/or desistance from crime. Research into desistance has predominantly focused on relationships with those who are still alive. This article evidences an emergent theme of bereavement experiences within the context of probation delivery, relationships and desistance. It draws upon narrative research undertaken within a Community Rehabilitation Company in the north of England, collected as part of a doctoral thesis. Evidence demonstrates the similarities between the process of desistance and that of bereavement with the narratives of men and women reiterating how bereavement can influence the onset of criminal or risk-taking behaviour whilst highlighting emergent evidence on how bereavement can disrupt desistance. This enables the article to highlight the importance of resilience in the process of both bereavement and desistance.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211016848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46736178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.1177/17488958211013075
S. Charman, E. Williams
The police are faced with a uniquely important role in the initiation of a process of justice. Through a framework of distributive justice, which examines both processes and outcomes of police encounters and the concrete and symbolic resources at their disposal, this paper seeks to analyse data from three policing projects over a 16-year period. The findings indicate a remarkably consistent story of barriers to justice which preclude the opportunity to access justice or of a satisfactory outcome or indeed any outcome at all. The lack of allocated concrete or symbolic resources was evident in complainants receiving limited time, investigation and voice. This paper argues that there is evidence of an unfair and inequitable distribution of resources to victims and potential victims of crime which is enabled by police discretion, justified by focusing on deservedness and personal choice and encouraged by the cultural language of stigmatisation of people and place.
{"title":"Accessing justice: The impact of discretion, ‘deservedness’ and distributive justice on the equitable allocation of policing resources","authors":"S. Charman, E. Williams","doi":"10.1177/17488958211013075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211013075","url":null,"abstract":"The police are faced with a uniquely important role in the initiation of a process of justice. Through a framework of distributive justice, which examines both processes and outcomes of police encounters and the concrete and symbolic resources at their disposal, this paper seeks to analyse data from three policing projects over a 16-year period. The findings indicate a remarkably consistent story of barriers to justice which preclude the opportunity to access justice or of a satisfactory outcome or indeed any outcome at all. The lack of allocated concrete or symbolic resources was evident in complainants receiving limited time, investigation and voice. This paper argues that there is evidence of an unfair and inequitable distribution of resources to victims and potential victims of crime which is enabled by police discretion, justified by focusing on deservedness and personal choice and encouraged by the cultural language of stigmatisation of people and place.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17488958211013075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41868591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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