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Emerging Adulthood in Russia: Class and Educational Disparities 俄罗斯的新兴成年期:阶级和教育差异
3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231206208
Oxana Mikhaylova, Elizaveta Sivak
“Emerging adulthood” is a unique developmental stage between adolescence and early adulthood. During this period, individuals experience a transition towards adult roles and begin to view their lives as full of opportunities for identity exploration, experimentation, possibilities, and self-focus. Previous research has questioned the universality of emerging adulthood as a developmental stage and its’ applicability to young adults from lower socioeconomic backgrounds without higher education. This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing the relationships between education, socioeconomic background, and emerging adulthood. We use the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) to measure emerging adulthood among 2177 Russian young people aged 24-26 who participated in the Russian Longitudinal Panel Study of Educational and Occupational Trajectories (TrEC) in 2021. Our findings confirm that emerging adulthood is not limited to the US, where the concept was coined, but also occurs in developing countries.
“初成期”是介于青春期和成年早期之间的一个独特的发展阶段。在此期间,个人经历了向成人角色的转变,并开始将他们的生活视为充满了自我探索、实验、可能性和自我关注的机会。之前的研究质疑初成年期作为一个发展阶段的普遍性,以及它对没有受过高等教育的社会经济背景较低的年轻人的适用性。本文通过分析教育、社会经济背景和成年期之间的关系,为这场辩论做出了贡献。我们使用新兴成年期维度量表(IDEA)来测量2177名24-26岁的俄罗斯年轻人的新兴成年期,这些年轻人参加了2021年俄罗斯教育和职业轨迹纵向面板研究(TrEC)。我们的研究结果证实,“初成期”并不局限于这个概念的诞生地美国,也发生在发展中国家。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating Identity Uncertainty: Identity Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic 导航身份不确定性:COVID-19大流行期间的身份困扰
3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231203031
Alan Meca, Kelsie K. Allison, Julia Passini, Taryn Veniegas, Bethany Cruz, Linda G. Castillo, Seth J. Schwartz, Byron L. Zamboanga, Minas Michikyan, Melissa Bessaha, Pamela C. Regan, Kaveri Subrahmanyam, John Bartholomew, Brandy Piña-Watson, Miguel Ángel Cano, Charles R. Martinez
The long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have only recently begun to be explored. Among college students, who were faced with sudden and unprecedented changes and challenges, it is likely that COVID-19 detrimentally impacted the establishment of a sense of self, a key developmental task of the college years. However, no research has examined the relationships among COVID-19 related worries, identity distress, and psychological and academic adjustment. To address these gaps in the current study, we examined the prevalence of identity distress, the relationship between COVID-19 related worries and identity distress, and the direct and indirect associations between COVID-19 related worries and psychological and academic adjustment among a sample of 1627 college students ( M age = 20.51, SD = 2.21). Findings indicated that over a third of the sample reported high levels of identity distress and that COVID-19 related worries were negatively associated, both directly and indirectly through identity distress, with psychological and academic adjustment.
直到最近才开始探索COVID-19大流行的长期影响。对于面临突如其来的前所未有的变化和挑战的大学生来说,新冠肺炎很可能会对自我意识的建立产生不利影响,这是大学时代的一项关键发展任务。然而,目前还没有研究调查与COVID-19相关的担忧、身份困扰以及心理和学业调整之间的关系。为了解决当前研究中的这些空白,我们调查了1627名大学生(M年龄= 20.51,SD = 2.21)的身份困扰患病率、新冠肺炎相关担忧与身份困扰之间的关系,以及新冠肺炎相关担忧与心理和学业适应之间的直接和间接关联。调查结果表明,超过三分之一的样本报告了高度的身份困扰,与COVID-19相关的担忧直接或间接地通过身份困扰与心理和学业调整呈负相关。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Management of Long-Term Physical Conditions During Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review 成年初期长期身体状况的自我管理:一项系统综述
3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231203284
Orla Mooney, Veronica Lambert, Pamela Gallagher
The aim of this mixed-studies systematic review was to synthesise existing research to identify if the five features of emerging adulthood (identity exploration; instability; self-focus; feeling in-between; possibilities) were evident in the self-management of long-term physical conditions by emerging adults (aged 18 – 29 years old). Five databases were systematically searched. Thirty papers met the eligibility criteria and were included. The synthesis identified that the five features of emerging adulthood are present in the self-management strategies and tasks of emerging adults living with long-term physical conditions. Due to numerous transitions, that characterise this unstable developmental period, emerging adults encounter specific self-management challenges. However, a greater understanding of the extent to which each of the five features are present and the challenges posed to the self-management of a long-term physical condition in emerging adults is required. This will inform targeted self-management supports and interventions in the future.
这一混合研究系统综述的目的是综合现有的研究,以确定新兴成年期的五个特征(身份探索;不稳定;自我中心;中间感受;可能性)在新兴成人(18 - 29岁)长期身体状况的自我管理中是明显的。系统地检索了五个数据库。30篇论文符合入选标准。综合研究发现,新兴成人的五个特征存在于长期身体状况的新兴成人的自我管理策略和任务中。由于这一不稳定发展期的许多转变,初出期的成年人遇到了具体的自我管理挑战。然而,需要对这五种特征中的每一种特征的存在程度以及对新生成人长期身体状况的自我管理所带来的挑战有更深入的了解。这将为今后有针对性的自我管理支持和干预提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Young Adults’ Cohabitation and Dating Decisions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Exploration of Romantic and Developmental Context COVID-19大流行期间年轻人的同居和约会决定:浪漫和发展背景的定性探索
3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231201084
Tyler B. Jamison, Jeremy B. Kanter
The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant upheaval for couples and families, particularly in terms of living arrangements. Emerging adults had to make quick decisions about where and with whom to shelter in place. In this grounded theory study, we explored how 22 young adults, predominantly living in the United States, navigated relationship decisions during the pandemic. The results suggest that participants were intentional about their choices, particularly in terms of moving in together (or not). The pandemic sometimes changed the timing of cohabitation or the pace of dating relationships; however, these decisions unfolded in tandem with common developmental tasks, such as college graduation and launching a career. More broadly, our findings suggest that participants’ responses to the pandemic both reflected core aspects of emerging adulthood (e.g., instability, feeling in-between) and also challenged them (e.g., other focus, limited exploration).
2019冠状病毒病大流行给夫妻和家庭带来了重大动荡,特别是在生活安排方面。初出茅庐的成年人必须迅速决定在哪里和谁一起避难。在这项扎根理论的研究中,我们探讨了22名年轻人(主要生活在美国)在大流行期间如何处理关系决策。结果表明,参与者对自己的选择是有意识的,尤其是在同居(或不同居)方面。大流行有时会改变同居的时间或约会关系的速度;然而,这些决定是伴随着共同的发展任务展开的,比如大学毕业和开始职业生涯。更广泛地说,我们的研究结果表明,参与者对大流行的反应既反映了新成年期的核心方面(例如,不稳定,中间感),也挑战了他们(例如,其他焦点,有限的探索)。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived COVID-19 Threat, Psychological Distress, and Increases in Alcohol and Cannabis Use at the Onset of the Pandemic in Racially Diverse Emerging Adults 种族多样化的新兴成年人在疫情爆发时感受到的新冠肺炎威胁、心理困扰以及酒精和大麻使用的增加
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231198908
L. R. Marks, Yanyun Yang, Heather H. Miller, Michael Morgan, Eunhui Yoon, Sylvie Naar
We examined the associations among perceived Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat, psychological distress, and perceived increases in alcohol and cannabis use since the onset of the pandemic in a sample of 1,339 Asian, Black, and White emerging adults (18–25 years). We investigated how these relationships changed based on sex assigned at birth, political affiliation, race, and college student status. Correlation analyses demonstrated a significant positive relationship between perceived COVID-19 threat and psychological distress, as well as a significant positive relationship between perceived COVID-19 threat and perceived increases in alcohol use for emerging adults. Multi-group analyses revealed that Black emerging adults displayed the strongest association between perceived COVID-19 threat and perceived increases in alcohol use whereas college students displayed a stronger association between perceived COVID-19 threat and psychological distress than emerging adults not attending college.
我们在1339名亚裔、黑人和白人新兴成年人(18-25岁)的样本中研究了自疫情爆发以来,2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)威胁、心理困扰以及酒精和大麻使用增加之间的关联。我们调查了这些关系是如何根据出生时的性别、政治派别、种族和大学生身份而变化的。相关分析表明,感知的新冠肺炎威胁与心理困扰之间存在显著的正相关关系,感知的新冠肺炎威胁与感知的新兴成年人饮酒增加之间存在显著正相关关系。多组分析显示,黑人新兴成年人在感知新冠肺炎威胁与感知酒精使用增加之间表现出最强的关联,而大学生在感知新冠肺炎威胁与心理痛苦之间表现出比未上大学的新兴成年人更强的关联。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploration of Healthy and Unhealthy Relationships Experienced by Emerging Adults During the Covid-19 Lockdowns in England 英国新冠肺炎封锁期间新兴成年人健康和不健康关系的探索
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231200094
Emily Setty, Emma Dobson
Romantic and intimate relationships are crucial for the socio-emotional development of young adults. However, the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting ‘lockdown’ restrictions imposed by the UK government limited opportunities for in-person relationships in England during 2020-21. This paper discusses young adults’ experiences of their relationships during lockdown, based on findings from 36 qualitative interviews conducted during 2021-22. The data suggests that relationships were shaped by socially and contextually contingent processes of meaning making and experience. Lockdown served as a defining condition, which constrained and reshaped these processes. The findings emphasise the importance of understanding relationships as entailing dynamic interactions between individual subjectivity, interpersonal experiences, and social norms. Identifying the evolving contextual conditions in which these processes occur is vital. While this study specifically examined the impact of lockdown, its implications extend beyond through shedding light on how young adults navigate social conditions and make choices for themselves and their relationships.
浪漫和亲密的关系对年轻人的社会情感发展至关重要。然而,2019冠状病毒病大流行以及由此导致的英国政府实施的“封锁”限制限制了2020-21年期间在英格兰建立面对面关系的机会。本文根据2021- 2022年期间进行的36次定性访谈的结果,讨论了年轻人在封锁期间的人际关系经历。数据表明,人际关系是由社会和情境的意义创造和经验的偶然过程形成的。封锁是限制和重塑这些进程的决定性条件。研究结果强调了将人际关系理解为个体主体性、人际经历和社会规范之间的动态互动的重要性。确定这些过程发生的不断变化的环境条件至关重要。虽然这项研究专门研究了封锁的影响,但它的影响不仅限于揭示年轻人如何应对社会条件,如何为自己和他们的关系做出选择。
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引用次数: 0
Identity Theft: Social Withdrawal as a Risk Factor in Identity Development 身份盗窃:社会退缩在身份发展中的风险因素
3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231198549
Christina M. Schwartz, Larry J. Nelson, Mallory A. Millett, Melanie K. Lott
During emerging adulthood, identity development may be facilitated through a myriad of social interactions, especially in settings such as college. However, some social withdrawal motivations may impede an individual from engaging with others, and consequently, may stifle identity exploration and commitment. The objective of this study was to examine differences between social withdrawal subtypes on levels of identity development in a variety of domains among college emerging adults. Participants for this study consisted of 792 undergraduate students (547 women, 69% European American). Distinct social withdrawal motivation groups were created (shy, unsocial, avoidant) and then compared using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results indicated the shy group struggled with identity commitment generally, the avoidant group struggled with identity exploration and commitment in multiple domains, and the unsocial and mixed withdrawn groups showed comparable levels of identity exploration and commitment to the non-withdrawn group both generally and across identity domains.
在成年初期,身份的发展可能会通过无数的社会互动得到促进,尤其是在大学这样的环境中。然而,一些社会退缩动机可能会阻碍个人与他人交往,因此,可能会扼杀身份探索和承诺。本研究的目的是探讨不同社会退缩亚型大学生在不同领域身份发展水平上的差异。本研究的参与者包括792名本科生(547名女性,69%为欧洲裔美国人)。建立了不同的社会退缩动机组(害羞、不社交、回避),然后使用多变量方差分析(MANOVA)进行比较。结果表明,害羞组普遍存在身份承诺问题,回避组在多个领域存在身份探索和承诺问题,非社会性和混合退缩组在总体和跨领域的身份探索和承诺问题上与非退缩组表现出相当的水平。
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引用次数: 1
Does Your Childhood Attachment Make You Bully Your Lover? The Role of Rejection Sensitivity and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction 童年的依恋会让你欺负你的爱人吗?拒绝敏感性与浪漫关系满意度的作用
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231193185
Jung-Ae Choi, JungHa Lim
Evidence has shown that insecure childhood attachment and aggression in romantic relationships in emerging adulthood are related. This study examined the psychological processes underlying this association. Based on the attachment theory and the rejection sensitivity model, this study investigated rejection sensitivity as a mediator and romantic relationship satisfaction as a moderator in the association between insecure childhood attachment to parents and relational aggression toward partners. A total of 336 college students, currently in heterosexual romantic relationships, completed self-report questionnaires. The results of the moderated mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of rejection sensitivity on the association between insecure childhood attachment and romantic relational aggression weakened as college students were more satisfied in their romantic relationships. This finding suggests that romantic relationship satisfaction offers emerging adults protection against difficulties associated with rejection sensitivity in the link between insecure childhood attachment and romantic relational aggression.
有证据表明,童年时期不安全的依恋和成年后浪漫关系中的攻击性是相关的。这项研究考察了这种联系背后的心理过程。基于依恋理论和拒绝敏感性模型,本研究调查了童年对父母的不安全依恋与对伴侣的关系攻击之间的关系,拒绝敏感性作为中介,浪漫关系满意度作为调节因素。共有336名目前处于异性恋恋爱关系中的大学生完成了自我报告问卷。调节中介分析结果表明,拒绝敏感性对童年不安全依恋与浪漫关系攻击之间关系的中介作用随着大学生对浪漫关系的满意度提高而减弱。这一发现表明,在不安全的童年依恋和浪漫关系攻击之间的联系中,浪漫关系满意度为新兴成年人提供了保护,使他们免受与拒绝敏感性相关的困难。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Racial Microaggressions and Ethnic Racial Identity Affirmation on Sense of Belonging Among Black and Latinx College Students 种族微侵犯和种族认同对黑人和拉丁裔大学生归属感的影响
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231194378
E. Sarsar, K. H. Zeiders, Antoinette M. Landor, Alaysia M. Brown
Growing evidence suggests that racial microaggressions negatively impact psychological and physical well-being. However, despite this work, few studies have explored the role of racial microaggressions in college students’ sense of belonging and the protective role of emerging adults’ ethnic racial identity (ERI) affirmation. Utilizing a weekly diary design, the current study examined Black and Latinx emerging adults ( N = 139, Mage = 20 years, SD = 1.16) experiences of racial microaggressions and their relation to belonging with peers, faculty, and administrators, and how ERI affirmation may mitigate the negative effects of these encounters. Results indicated that week-to-week fluctuations in racial microaggressions were negatively associated with belonging with peers, but not with faculty or administrators. ERI affirmation did not moderate weekly associations between racial microaggressions and sense of belonging. Findings highlight the salience of racial microaggressions on college campuses and the role they play in emerging adults’ sense of belonging.
越来越多的证据表明,种族微侵犯对心理和身体健康产生了负面影响。然而,尽管有这项工作,很少有研究探讨种族微侵犯在大学生归属感中的作用,以及新兴成年人的种族认同(ERI)肯定的保护作用。利用每周日记的设计,目前的研究调查了黑人和拉丁裔新兴成年人(N=139,Mage=20岁,SD=1.16)的种族微侵犯经历,以及他们与同龄人、教师和管理人员的归属关系,以及ERI的肯定如何减轻这些遭遇的负面影响。结果表明,种族微侵犯的每周波动与同龄人的归属感呈负相关,但与教师或管理人员无关。ERI的肯定并没有缓和种族微侵犯和归属感之间的每周联系。研究结果强调了大学校园中种族微侵犯的突出性,以及它们在新兴成年人的归属感中所起的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Loneliness in Emerging Adulthood: A Qualitative Study 探索成年初期的孤独感:一项定性研究
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231194380
Emma Kirwan, P. S. O'Súilleabháin, Annette Burns, Mamobo Ogoro, Eoghan Allen, Ann-Marie Creaven
Loneliness, the distressing feeling that accompanies the perception of a person’s social relationships as inadequate, is common in emerging adulthood. This qualitative study explored the experiences and views of loneliness, and the causes of loneliness from the perspective of emerging adults. A youth Research Advisory Group was consulted during the design of the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 emerging adults (18–25 years old, M = 20.81, SD = 1.78). Using framework analysis, two key themes were identified; loneliness and development “ a part of growing up”, and expectations about a typical emerging adult’s life “ that’s how my life should be”. Results suggested that social transitions and expectations for an emerging adults’ life contributed to feelings of loneliness. Our findings suggest that future efforts to understand and prevent loneliness in emerging adulthood should consider that loneliness may be transient in nature and a more complex experience during this life-stage.
孤独感是一种伴随着对一个人的社会关系不足的看法而产生的痛苦感,在刚刚成年的人中很常见。这项定性研究从新兴成年人的角度探讨了孤独的经历和观点,以及孤独的原因。在设计研究期间,咨询了一个青年研究咨询小组。对27名新兴成年人(18-25岁,M=20.81,SD=1.78)进行了半结构化访谈。使用框架分析,确定了两个关键主题;孤独和发展是“成长的一部分”,对一个典型的新兴成年人生活的期望是“我的生活应该是这样的”。研究结果表明,社会转型和对新兴成年人生活的期望会导致孤独感。我们的研究结果表明,未来理解和预防成年期孤独的努力应该考虑到,孤独在本质上可能是短暂的,在这个人生阶段是一种更复杂的经历。
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引用次数: 1
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Emerging Adulthood
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