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An Exploration of Healthy and Unhealthy Relationships Experienced by Emerging Adults During the Covid-19 Lockdowns in England 英国新冠肺炎封锁期间新兴成年人健康和不健康关系的探索
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231200094
Emily Setty, Emma Dobson
Romantic and intimate relationships are crucial for the socio-emotional development of young adults. However, the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting ‘lockdown’ restrictions imposed by the UK government limited opportunities for in-person relationships in England during 2020-21. This paper discusses young adults’ experiences of their relationships during lockdown, based on findings from 36 qualitative interviews conducted during 2021-22. The data suggests that relationships were shaped by socially and contextually contingent processes of meaning making and experience. Lockdown served as a defining condition, which constrained and reshaped these processes. The findings emphasise the importance of understanding relationships as entailing dynamic interactions between individual subjectivity, interpersonal experiences, and social norms. Identifying the evolving contextual conditions in which these processes occur is vital. While this study specifically examined the impact of lockdown, its implications extend beyond through shedding light on how young adults navigate social conditions and make choices for themselves and their relationships.
浪漫和亲密的关系对年轻人的社会情感发展至关重要。然而,2019冠状病毒病大流行以及由此导致的英国政府实施的“封锁”限制限制了2020-21年期间在英格兰建立面对面关系的机会。本文根据2021- 2022年期间进行的36次定性访谈的结果,讨论了年轻人在封锁期间的人际关系经历。数据表明,人际关系是由社会和情境的意义创造和经验的偶然过程形成的。封锁是限制和重塑这些进程的决定性条件。研究结果强调了将人际关系理解为个体主体性、人际经历和社会规范之间的动态互动的重要性。确定这些过程发生的不断变化的环境条件至关重要。虽然这项研究专门研究了封锁的影响,但它的影响不仅限于揭示年轻人如何应对社会条件,如何为自己和他们的关系做出选择。
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引用次数: 0
Identity Theft: Social Withdrawal as a Risk Factor in Identity Development 身份盗窃:社会退缩在身份发展中的风险因素
3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231198549
Christina M. Schwartz, Larry J. Nelson, Mallory A. Millett, Melanie K. Lott
During emerging adulthood, identity development may be facilitated through a myriad of social interactions, especially in settings such as college. However, some social withdrawal motivations may impede an individual from engaging with others, and consequently, may stifle identity exploration and commitment. The objective of this study was to examine differences between social withdrawal subtypes on levels of identity development in a variety of domains among college emerging adults. Participants for this study consisted of 792 undergraduate students (547 women, 69% European American). Distinct social withdrawal motivation groups were created (shy, unsocial, avoidant) and then compared using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results indicated the shy group struggled with identity commitment generally, the avoidant group struggled with identity exploration and commitment in multiple domains, and the unsocial and mixed withdrawn groups showed comparable levels of identity exploration and commitment to the non-withdrawn group both generally and across identity domains.
在成年初期,身份的发展可能会通过无数的社会互动得到促进,尤其是在大学这样的环境中。然而,一些社会退缩动机可能会阻碍个人与他人交往,因此,可能会扼杀身份探索和承诺。本研究的目的是探讨不同社会退缩亚型大学生在不同领域身份发展水平上的差异。本研究的参与者包括792名本科生(547名女性,69%为欧洲裔美国人)。建立了不同的社会退缩动机组(害羞、不社交、回避),然后使用多变量方差分析(MANOVA)进行比较。结果表明,害羞组普遍存在身份承诺问题,回避组在多个领域存在身份探索和承诺问题,非社会性和混合退缩组在总体和跨领域的身份探索和承诺问题上与非退缩组表现出相当的水平。
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引用次数: 1
Does Your Childhood Attachment Make You Bully Your Lover? The Role of Rejection Sensitivity and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction 童年的依恋会让你欺负你的爱人吗?拒绝敏感性与浪漫关系满意度的作用
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231193185
Jung-Ae Choi, JungHa Lim
Evidence has shown that insecure childhood attachment and aggression in romantic relationships in emerging adulthood are related. This study examined the psychological processes underlying this association. Based on the attachment theory and the rejection sensitivity model, this study investigated rejection sensitivity as a mediator and romantic relationship satisfaction as a moderator in the association between insecure childhood attachment to parents and relational aggression toward partners. A total of 336 college students, currently in heterosexual romantic relationships, completed self-report questionnaires. The results of the moderated mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of rejection sensitivity on the association between insecure childhood attachment and romantic relational aggression weakened as college students were more satisfied in their romantic relationships. This finding suggests that romantic relationship satisfaction offers emerging adults protection against difficulties associated with rejection sensitivity in the link between insecure childhood attachment and romantic relational aggression.
有证据表明,童年时期不安全的依恋和成年后浪漫关系中的攻击性是相关的。这项研究考察了这种联系背后的心理过程。基于依恋理论和拒绝敏感性模型,本研究调查了童年对父母的不安全依恋与对伴侣的关系攻击之间的关系,拒绝敏感性作为中介,浪漫关系满意度作为调节因素。共有336名目前处于异性恋恋爱关系中的大学生完成了自我报告问卷。调节中介分析结果表明,拒绝敏感性对童年不安全依恋与浪漫关系攻击之间关系的中介作用随着大学生对浪漫关系的满意度提高而减弱。这一发现表明,在不安全的童年依恋和浪漫关系攻击之间的联系中,浪漫关系满意度为新兴成年人提供了保护,使他们免受与拒绝敏感性相关的困难。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Racial Microaggressions and Ethnic Racial Identity Affirmation on Sense of Belonging Among Black and Latinx College Students 种族微侵犯和种族认同对黑人和拉丁裔大学生归属感的影响
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231194378
E. Sarsar, K. H. Zeiders, Antoinette M. Landor, Alaysia M. Brown
Growing evidence suggests that racial microaggressions negatively impact psychological and physical well-being. However, despite this work, few studies have explored the role of racial microaggressions in college students’ sense of belonging and the protective role of emerging adults’ ethnic racial identity (ERI) affirmation. Utilizing a weekly diary design, the current study examined Black and Latinx emerging adults ( N = 139, Mage = 20 years, SD = 1.16) experiences of racial microaggressions and their relation to belonging with peers, faculty, and administrators, and how ERI affirmation may mitigate the negative effects of these encounters. Results indicated that week-to-week fluctuations in racial microaggressions were negatively associated with belonging with peers, but not with faculty or administrators. ERI affirmation did not moderate weekly associations between racial microaggressions and sense of belonging. Findings highlight the salience of racial microaggressions on college campuses and the role they play in emerging adults’ sense of belonging.
越来越多的证据表明,种族微侵犯对心理和身体健康产生了负面影响。然而,尽管有这项工作,很少有研究探讨种族微侵犯在大学生归属感中的作用,以及新兴成年人的种族认同(ERI)肯定的保护作用。利用每周日记的设计,目前的研究调查了黑人和拉丁裔新兴成年人(N=139,Mage=20岁,SD=1.16)的种族微侵犯经历,以及他们与同龄人、教师和管理人员的归属关系,以及ERI的肯定如何减轻这些遭遇的负面影响。结果表明,种族微侵犯的每周波动与同龄人的归属感呈负相关,但与教师或管理人员无关。ERI的肯定并没有缓和种族微侵犯和归属感之间的每周联系。研究结果强调了大学校园中种族微侵犯的突出性,以及它们在新兴成年人的归属感中所起的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Loneliness in Emerging Adulthood: A Qualitative Study 探索成年初期的孤独感:一项定性研究
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231194380
Emma Kirwan, P. S. O'Súilleabháin, Annette Burns, Mamobo Ogoro, Eoghan Allen, Ann-Marie Creaven
Loneliness, the distressing feeling that accompanies the perception of a person’s social relationships as inadequate, is common in emerging adulthood. This qualitative study explored the experiences and views of loneliness, and the causes of loneliness from the perspective of emerging adults. A youth Research Advisory Group was consulted during the design of the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 emerging adults (18–25 years old, M = 20.81, SD = 1.78). Using framework analysis, two key themes were identified; loneliness and development “ a part of growing up”, and expectations about a typical emerging adult’s life “ that’s how my life should be”. Results suggested that social transitions and expectations for an emerging adults’ life contributed to feelings of loneliness. Our findings suggest that future efforts to understand and prevent loneliness in emerging adulthood should consider that loneliness may be transient in nature and a more complex experience during this life-stage.
孤独感是一种伴随着对一个人的社会关系不足的看法而产生的痛苦感,在刚刚成年的人中很常见。这项定性研究从新兴成年人的角度探讨了孤独的经历和观点,以及孤独的原因。在设计研究期间,咨询了一个青年研究咨询小组。对27名新兴成年人(18-25岁,M=20.81,SD=1.78)进行了半结构化访谈。使用框架分析,确定了两个关键主题;孤独和发展是“成长的一部分”,对一个典型的新兴成年人生活的期望是“我的生活应该是这样的”。研究结果表明,社会转型和对新兴成年人生活的期望会导致孤独感。我们的研究结果表明,未来理解和预防成年期孤独的努力应该考虑到,孤独在本质上可能是短暂的,在这个人生阶段是一种更复杂的经历。
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引用次数: 1
What Does It Mean to be an Adult? Adulthood Markers in the Perspective of Emerging Adults 成人意味着什么?新兴成人视角下的成人标志
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231194887
Anna Walczak
Debate on the markers of adulthood reflects social and cultural changes shaping the socially constructed definitions of transition to the next life stages. These processes are particularly interesting in societies facing rapid changes in a relatively short period. The presented article explores definitions of adulthood of Polish emerging adults and relates dominating concepts to the classic Big Five. The study is based on a random, all-country sample of young adults (18–29 years old, n = 303). The most frequently described criteria of adulthood are related to responsibility and independence (decisive, financial, and residential). Three of five classic markers – finishing school, getting married, and having a child – have lessened in significance. Further analysis reveals that the fourth classic marker – independent housing – does not play a key role, albeit independence is significantly associated with financial autonomy.
关于成年标志的辩论反映了社会和文化的变化,这些变化塑造了社会构建的过渡到下一个生命阶段的定义。在相对较短时间内面临快速变化的社会中,这些过程尤其有趣。本文探讨了波兰新兴成人的成年定义,并将主导概念与经典的五大概念联系起来。这项研究是基于一个随机的,所有国家的年轻人样本(18-29岁,n = 303)。最常被描述的成年标准与责任和独立性有关(果断、经济和居住)。五个经典标志中的三个——完成学业、结婚和生孩子——的重要性已经降低。进一步的分析表明,第四个经典标志——独立住房——并不起关键作用,尽管独立与财务自主显著相关。
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引用次数: 0
If it Bothers Someone it’s a Mistake! How Chinese College Students Conceptualize Transgressions 如果它打扰了别人,那就是一个错误!中国大学生如何对越轨行为进行概念化
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231192137
Jianjin Liu, Chin-Ling Lee, Allegra Midgette
Given that in college-attending emerging adults have greater autonomy and thus may be engaging in behaviors they later find problematic, there is a need to investigate how they make sense of transgressions. The present study investigated through six focus groups ( N = 40) how Chinese college students ( M age = 19.6, SD = 1.41, 60% women) made sense of social and moral transgressions (i.e., mistakes) and the strategies they use to self-correct. Mistakes were conceptualized to include violating standards (moral, social, personal) as well as negatively influencing others (causing harm, but also “being a bother” as part of communal living). Participants reported using strategies (mindfulness, seeking assistance) which required making additional effort in everyday life to self-correct. These findings have implications for considering the important role of community and social support in assisting the promotion of college students’ moral agency, so that they may learn from their mistakes.
考虑到上大学的新生成年人有更大的自主权,因此可能会参与一些他们后来发现有问题的行为,有必要调查他们是如何理解违规行为的。本研究通过6个焦点小组(N = 40)调查了中国大学生(M年龄= 19.6,SD = 1.41, 60%为女性)如何理解社会和道德违规(即错误)以及他们使用的自我纠正策略。错误的概念包括违反标准(道德、社会、个人)以及对他人产生负面影响(造成伤害,但也“成为社区生活的一部分”)。参与者报告说,他们使用了一些策略(正念、寻求帮助),这些策略需要在日常生活中付出额外的努力来自我纠正。这些发现对考虑社区和社会支持在促进大学生道德能动性方面的重要作用,从而使他们能够从错误中吸取教训具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Love Sick: Attachment Anxiety and COVID-Era Romantic Encounters Among College Students 爱情病:依恋焦虑和新冠时代大学生的浪漫邂逅
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231177117
Julie Longua Peterson, Hannah R. Hamilton, Tracy DeHart, Danielle L. Kellogg, Mia Morgan
The current research explored how attachment anxiety influences attitudes and behaviors in romantic contexts among single emerging adults during COVID-19. Study 1 (n = 242) revealed that, despite increased risk perceptions, emerging adults high in attachment anxiety report decreased cautiousness and a greater percentage of hook-ups outside their pod/bubble. Attitudes about masking with a romantic partner mirrored those of low anxiety emerging adults. In study 2 (n = 186), we used a quasi-experimental design to explore whether romantic (vs. control) contexts differentially impact attitudes toward masking. High anxiety emerging adults reported somewhat increased risk perceptions across condition, but more negative attitudes toward masking and less confidence in helping a partner mask in the romantic (vs. control) condition. Low anxiety emerging adults’ attitudes and confidence were unaffected by condition. Results suggest that emerging adults high in anxiety, while generally more concerned about COVID, appeared to reduce cautiousness in romantic contexts.
目前的研究探讨了新冠肺炎期间,依恋焦虑如何影响单身成年人在浪漫环境中的态度和行为。研究1(n=242)显示,尽管风险认知增加,但依恋焦虑报告较高的新兴成年人谨慎性降低,在他们的吊舱/泡泡外勾搭的比例更大。对与浪漫伴侣一起掩饰的态度反映了低焦虑的新兴成年人的态度。在研究2中(n=186),我们使用了一种准实验设计来探索浪漫(与对照)情境是否会对掩蔽的态度产生不同的影响。高焦虑的新兴成年人报告说,他们对各种情况的风险认知有所增加,但对戴口罩的态度更为消极,在浪漫(与对照)情况下帮助伴侣戴口罩的信心更低。低焦虑新出现的成年人的态度和信心不受条件的影响。研究结果表明,处于高度焦虑状态的新兴成年人,虽然通常更关心新冠肺炎,但在浪漫环境中似乎会减少谨慎。
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引用次数: 2
Perfectionism, Academic Stress, Rumination and Worry: A Predictive Model for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in University Students From Colombia 完美主义、学业压力、反刍和担忧:哥伦比亚大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的预测模型
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231188759
Tabata Cuervo Gil, D. Obando, María B. García-Martín, Juan Sandoval-Reyes
Perfectionism, academic stress, worry, and rumination are associated with increased levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in university students. However, associations between these variables have been explored separately. Using PLS-SEM, the present study explored a multivariate model in which these variables interplay to predict affective symptoms. A sample of 403 students between ages 18 and 29 years from 55 Colombian institutions of higher education participated by completing Zung depression and anxiety scales, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Inventory of Academic Stress, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Ruminative Responses Scale. Results indicate a positive relationship between perfectionism and academic stress, and a mediation effect of worry and rumination in the relationship between academic stress and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings provide evidence of a novel model that precedes the design of target prevention and intervention programs pointing to reduce the risk of affective disorders and its associated negative consequences.
完美主义、学业压力、担忧和沉思与大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的增加有关。然而,这些变量之间的关联已经被单独探讨过。使用PLS-SEM,本研究探索了一个多变量模型,其中这些变量相互作用来预测情感症状。通过完成Zung抑郁焦虑量表、多维完美主义量表、学业压力量表、宾夕法尼亚州立大学焦虑问卷和反思反应量表,对来自哥伦比亚55所高等教育机构的403名年龄在18岁至29岁之间的学生进行了调查。结果表明,完美主义与学业压力之间存在正相关关系,焦虑和反刍在学业压力与焦虑和抑郁症状之间存在中介作用。研究结果为一种新的模式提供了证据,这种模式先于目标预防和干预计划的设计,旨在降低情感障碍的风险及其相关的负面后果。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Outcomes of Embracing Your Life: An Online Self-Compassion Program for Emerging Adults 拥抱生活的可行性、可接受性和初步结果:一个针对新兴成年人的在线自我同情计划
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231189902
K. Bluth, Marissa C. Knox, Amanda Press, C. Lathren
Due to the psychological toll COVID-19 has had on emerging adults, as well as normative mental health challenges of this developmental period, emerging adults are struggling more than ever with depression and loneliness. The objective of this study was to assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary psychosocial outcomes of Embracing Your Life, a self-compassion program for emerging adults, as self-compassion is associated with better mental health. Thirty-nine emerging adults ( Mage = 23.7, 67% female) enrolled in a 6-session online program from July 2020 to January 2022 participated in this study. Results indicated the program was feasible; 81% of participants attended at least five out of six sessions. Qualitative feedback indicated high acceptability, with recommended changes to make the program more interactive. Participants reported significant improvements in self-compassion, resilience, loneliness, depression, stress, and emotion regulation. Conclusions are that Embracing Your Life is a promising, accessible intervention to address the mental health of emerging adults.
由于新冠肺炎对新兴成年人造成的心理损失,以及这一发展时期的规范性心理健康挑战,新兴成年人比以往任何时候都更难与抑郁和孤独作斗争。这项研究的目的是评估“拥抱你的生活”的可行性、可接受性和初步的心理社会结果,这是一项针对新兴成年人的自我同情计划,因为自我同情与更好的心理健康有关。从2020年7月到2022年1月,39名参加6期在线课程的新兴成年人(Mage=23.7,67%为女性)参与了这项研究。结果表明,该方案是可行的;81%的参与者至少参加了六次会议中的五次。定性反馈表明可接受性很高,建议进行更改以使程序更具互动性。参与者报告说,他们在自我同情、恢复力、孤独、抑郁、压力和情绪调节方面有了显著改善。结论是,拥抱你的生活是一种很有前途的、可获得的干预措施,可以解决新兴成年人的心理健康问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Emerging Adulthood
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