Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1810609
I. Alcántara-Ayala
ABSTRACT There is a recognised need for bridging the gap between science and policy making aiming at the reduction of landslide disaster risk. A growing body of literature articulates the significance of scientific contributions on landslide risk assessment at different spatial–temporal scales. However, most studies in this field have mainly focused on landslide hazards, whereas vulnerability has not been treated in much detail. The present study aimed to portray the challenge involved within the integrated landslide disaster risk management sphere to avoid the configuration of new disaster risk. It should be understood whereby that landslide exposure is exacerbated by current population growth and the intensification of the use of land and resources linked to profitable activities, which in turn lead to rural transformation and a greater extent of socio-economic occupation of depreciated land in areas susceptible to hazards, urban sprawling and even expensive housing on unstable slopes. This analysis provides evidence about the need to encourage integrated landslide disaster risk management (ILDRiM), not only in the sense of reducing existing risk, but to prevent new landslide disaster risk. Thereupon, recognising and addressing landslide root causes and disaster risk drivers strongly intertwined to exposure and vulnerability should be prioritised, whereas the need of informed disaster risk governance must neither be neglected.
{"title":"Integrated landslide disaster risk management (ILDRiM): the challenge to avoid the construction of new disaster risk","authors":"I. Alcántara-Ayala","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1810609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1810609","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a recognised need for bridging the gap between science and policy making aiming at the reduction of landslide disaster risk. A growing body of literature articulates the significance of scientific contributions on landslide risk assessment at different spatial–temporal scales. However, most studies in this field have mainly focused on landslide hazards, whereas vulnerability has not been treated in much detail. The present study aimed to portray the challenge involved within the integrated landslide disaster risk management sphere to avoid the configuration of new disaster risk. It should be understood whereby that landslide exposure is exacerbated by current population growth and the intensification of the use of land and resources linked to profitable activities, which in turn lead to rural transformation and a greater extent of socio-economic occupation of depreciated land in areas susceptible to hazards, urban sprawling and even expensive housing on unstable slopes. This analysis provides evidence about the need to encourage integrated landslide disaster risk management (ILDRiM), not only in the sense of reducing existing risk, but to prevent new landslide disaster risk. Thereupon, recognising and addressing landslide root causes and disaster risk drivers strongly intertwined to exposure and vulnerability should be prioritised, whereas the need of informed disaster risk governance must neither be neglected.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"64 1","pages":"323 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77222269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1810608
S. Wiśniewski, M. Kowalski, M. Borowska-Stefańska
ABSTRACT The article contains the evaluation of indirect impact, and more precisely, effects related to traffic disruptions and the resultant changes in transport accessibility following the occurrence of a flood. The applied purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate the differentiation in spatial traffic distribution and changes regarding (time and potential) accessibility in three flooding scenarios for the Warta Water Region (the scenario 10% and 1% probability of a flood occurrence, and for the total destruction of stopbanks) in Greater Poland. The research showed that the occurrence of disruptions from untypical flooding impacts both the change in spatial distribution of traffic load within the road network and the speed at which its users can travel therein. This indicates the need to simulate various flooding scenarios in order to be better prepared for the occurrence of such a natural disaster.
{"title":"Flooding and mobility: a polish analysis","authors":"S. Wiśniewski, M. Kowalski, M. Borowska-Stefańska","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1810608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1810608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The article contains the evaluation of indirect impact, and more precisely, effects related to traffic disruptions and the resultant changes in transport accessibility following the occurrence of a flood. The applied purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate the differentiation in spatial traffic distribution and changes regarding (time and potential) accessibility in three flooding scenarios for the Warta Water Region (the scenario 10% and 1% probability of a flood occurrence, and for the total destruction of stopbanks) in Greater Poland. The research showed that the occurrence of disruptions from untypical flooding impacts both the change in spatial distribution of traffic load within the road network and the speed at which its users can travel therein. This indicates the need to simulate various flooding scenarios in order to be better prepared for the occurrence of such a natural disaster.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"90 1","pages":"300 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1804819
A. Bukvic, A. Borate
ABSTRACT Relocation is increasingly being considered a viable adaptation strategy in some coastal locations. Even though recent coastal disasters and a higher awareness of sea level rise have accentuated the importance of relocation, this is not a new strategy and has been applied as an effective hazard mitigation measure over the last three decades. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the acquisition and relocation projects funded between 1989 and 2016 as a part of the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and determine how the allocations for these projects evolved over time. A trend analysis was applied to assess how the number and the dollar amount of approved acquisition/relocation projects differ between coastal and inland counties, and within these categories, between rural and urban districts. Our findings show that inland counties had a significantly higher number of projects in any given year; however, average cost per coastal project has been continually increasing while that of inland projects decreased over the study period. Further, there is no marked difference between the number of and total amount spent on inland rural versus urban projects, while those in the coastal zone significantly differ in all categories between rural and urban counties.
{"title":"Developing coastal relocation policy: lessons learned from the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program","authors":"A. Bukvic, A. Borate","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1804819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1804819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Relocation is increasingly being considered a viable adaptation strategy in some coastal locations. Even though recent coastal disasters and a higher awareness of sea level rise have accentuated the importance of relocation, this is not a new strategy and has been applied as an effective hazard mitigation measure over the last three decades. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the acquisition and relocation projects funded between 1989 and 2016 as a part of the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and determine how the allocations for these projects evolved over time. A trend analysis was applied to assess how the number and the dollar amount of approved acquisition/relocation projects differ between coastal and inland counties, and within these categories, between rural and urban districts. Our findings show that inland counties had a significantly higher number of projects in any given year; however, average cost per coastal project has been continually increasing while that of inland projects decreased over the study period. Further, there is no marked difference between the number of and total amount spent on inland rural versus urban projects, while those in the coastal zone significantly differ in all categories between rural and urban counties.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"1977 1","pages":"279 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89805654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1677209
Mikael Raffael T. Abaya, L. Le Dé, Yany Lopez
ABSTRACT The cluster approach is a coordination mechanism implemented by the United Nations (UN) in 2005 to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian responses during and after disasters. To date, more than 36 countries have used the UN cluster system. Yet, studies investigating the efficacy of this coordination mechanism at a national level are limited. Research adopting a long-term approach to the cluster by exploring whether this system provides an effective coordination system is almost non-existent. Focusing on the Philippines, one of the first countries worldwide to have adapted the cluster system, this paper analyses the application of the cluster during different major disasters. The paper examines how, since 2007, the Philippines modified the cluster system to make it suitable for the national context and highlights positive and negative outcomes as well as remaining challenges. The paper concludes that a one-size-fits-all approach to the cluster system cannot be effective but should be adapted to the local conditions of the country. This is critical so the cluster system can fit with existing structures and frameworks at national level, creates more ownership from national and local agencies, improves coordination with international humanitarian agencies, and ultimately increases the effectiveness of disaster management.
{"title":"Localising the UN cluster approach: the Philippines as a case study","authors":"Mikael Raffael T. Abaya, L. Le Dé, Yany Lopez","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2019.1677209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2019.1677209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The cluster approach is a coordination mechanism implemented by the United Nations (UN) in 2005 to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian responses during and after disasters. To date, more than 36 countries have used the UN cluster system. Yet, studies investigating the efficacy of this coordination mechanism at a national level are limited. Research adopting a long-term approach to the cluster by exploring whether this system provides an effective coordination system is almost non-existent. Focusing on the Philippines, one of the first countries worldwide to have adapted the cluster system, this paper analyses the application of the cluster during different major disasters. The paper examines how, since 2007, the Philippines modified the cluster system to make it suitable for the national context and highlights positive and negative outcomes as well as remaining challenges. The paper concludes that a one-size-fits-all approach to the cluster system cannot be effective but should be adapted to the local conditions of the country. This is critical so the cluster system can fit with existing structures and frameworks at national level, creates more ownership from national and local agencies, improves coordination with international humanitarian agencies, and ultimately increases the effectiveness of disaster management.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"1 1","pages":"360 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86151608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Meteorological disasters are important public events that can generate a wide range of online public opinion. Studying the patterns and mechanisms of public opinion dissemination during meteorological disasters and moderately strengthening the voice of official media can alleviate public nervousness and facilitate disaster prevention, reduction, and recovery. Therefore, taking Typhoon Mangkhut as an example, we collected data from Sina Weibo in China and Twitter in the Philippines. Based on a ‘data preparation–public opinion mining–data analysis’ framework, patterns and characteristics of the evolution of public opinion were identified through social network analysis and sentiment analysis methods. The results showed that public opinion surrounding Mangkhut differed in the two countries. The trend in public opinion was ‘low-high-low.’ During natural disasters, shifts in opinion exhibited a ‘positive–negative-positive’ pattern. In the Philippines, netizen sentiment reached lowest point 24–48 h after the typhoon landed and recovered steadily and quickly. However, among Chinese netizens, sentiment hit lowest point later, mostly because of a man-made negative event. To help people cope with natural disasters, the Chinese official media should promptly release accurate information, play a more active role in guiding public opinion, and pay more attention to man-made negative events during disasters.
{"title":"Evolution of online public opinion during meteorological disasters","authors":"Xubu Ma, Wei Liu, Xiaoyang Zhou, Chunxiu Qin, Ying Chen, Yafan Xiang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2019.1685932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2019.1685932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Meteorological disasters are important public events that can generate a wide range of online public opinion. Studying the patterns and mechanisms of public opinion dissemination during meteorological disasters and moderately strengthening the voice of official media can alleviate public nervousness and facilitate disaster prevention, reduction, and recovery. Therefore, taking Typhoon Mangkhut as an example, we collected data from Sina Weibo in China and Twitter in the Philippines. Based on a ‘data preparation–public opinion mining–data analysis’ framework, patterns and characteristics of the evolution of public opinion were identified through social network analysis and sentiment analysis methods. The results showed that public opinion surrounding Mangkhut differed in the two countries. The trend in public opinion was ‘low-high-low.’ During natural disasters, shifts in opinion exhibited a ‘positive–negative-positive’ pattern. In the Philippines, netizen sentiment reached lowest point 24–48 h after the typhoon landed and recovered steadily and quickly. However, among Chinese netizens, sentiment hit lowest point later, mostly because of a man-made negative event. To help people cope with natural disasters, the Chinese official media should promptly release accurate information, play a more active role in guiding public opinion, and pay more attention to man-made negative events during disasters.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"165 1","pages":"375 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74860450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1800440
R. Pielke
ABSTRACT Nowadays, following every weather disaster quickly follow estimates of economic loss. Quick blame for those losses, or some part, often is placed on claims of more frequent or intense weather events. However, understanding what role changes in climate may have played in increasing weather-related disaster losses is challenging because, in addition to changes in climate, society also undergoes dramatic change. Increasing development and wealth influence exposure and vulnerability to loss – typically increasing exposure while reducing vulnerability. In recent decades a scientific literature has emerged that seeks to adjust historical economic damage from extreme weather to remove the influences of societal change from economic loss time series to estimate what losses past extreme events would cause under present-day societal conditions. In regions with broad exposure to loss, an unbiased economic normalisation will exhibit trends consistent with corresponding climatological trends in related extreme events, providing an independent check on normalisation results. This paper reviews 54 normalisation studies published 1998–2020 and finds little evidence to support claims that any part of the overall increase in global economic losses documented on climate time scales is attributable to human-caused changes in climate, reinforcing conclusions of recent assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
{"title":"Economic ‘normalisation’ of disaster losses 1998–2020: a literature review and assessment","authors":"R. Pielke","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1800440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1800440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nowadays, following every weather disaster quickly follow estimates of economic loss. Quick blame for those losses, or some part, often is placed on claims of more frequent or intense weather events. However, understanding what role changes in climate may have played in increasing weather-related disaster losses is challenging because, in addition to changes in climate, society also undergoes dramatic change. Increasing development and wealth influence exposure and vulnerability to loss – typically increasing exposure while reducing vulnerability. In recent decades a scientific literature has emerged that seeks to adjust historical economic damage from extreme weather to remove the influences of societal change from economic loss time series to estimate what losses past extreme events would cause under present-day societal conditions. In regions with broad exposure to loss, an unbiased economic normalisation will exhibit trends consistent with corresponding climatological trends in related extreme events, providing an independent check on normalisation results. This paper reviews 54 normalisation studies published 1998–2020 and finds little evidence to support claims that any part of the overall increase in global economic losses documented on climate time scales is attributable to human-caused changes in climate, reinforcing conclusions of recent assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"57 1","pages":"93 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90435366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1791034
A. Quesada-Román, Ernesto Villalobos-Portilla, D. Campos-Durán
ABSTRACT Tropical countries are subjected to natural disasters which cause substantial human and economic losses. Coping with disasters in tropics requires to improve our understanding of the frequency and distribution of hydrometeorological disaster events. These assessments are scarce in many developing countries, despite rapid urban expansion and lacking efficient public policies. Costa Rica’s location over the Intertropical Convergence Zone, its mountainous landscapes, and vulnerability generate risks conditions for urbans centers. Here, we analyze the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (GAM in Spanish), a region that concentrates 65% of the national population. We analyze the hydrometeorological disasters occurrence and distribution in the GAM as well as a population and social indicators analysis to identify spatial patterns of demographic growth. Our results indicate that 5987 hydrometeorological disasters events were reported in the GAM between 1970 and 2018. From this total, 63.7% were floods, 35.3% landslides, 0.9% droughts and 0.1% storms. Coupling historical natural disasters and public policies to an urban sprawl continuous process in the GAM is a critical tool for land use planning and disaster risk reduction decision makers. Results from this study can enhance our understanding on the spatiotemporal characteristics of natural disasters in developing and/or tropical countries urban areas.
{"title":"Hydrometeorological disasters in urban areas of Costa Rica, Central America","authors":"A. Quesada-Román, Ernesto Villalobos-Portilla, D. Campos-Durán","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1791034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1791034","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tropical countries are subjected to natural disasters which cause substantial human and economic losses. Coping with disasters in tropics requires to improve our understanding of the frequency and distribution of hydrometeorological disaster events. These assessments are scarce in many developing countries, despite rapid urban expansion and lacking efficient public policies. Costa Rica’s location over the Intertropical Convergence Zone, its mountainous landscapes, and vulnerability generate risks conditions for urbans centers. Here, we analyze the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (GAM in Spanish), a region that concentrates 65% of the national population. We analyze the hydrometeorological disasters occurrence and distribution in the GAM as well as a population and social indicators analysis to identify spatial patterns of demographic growth. Our results indicate that 5987 hydrometeorological disasters events were reported in the GAM between 1970 and 2018. From this total, 63.7% were floods, 35.3% landslides, 0.9% droughts and 0.1% storms. Coupling historical natural disasters and public policies to an urban sprawl continuous process in the GAM is a critical tool for land use planning and disaster risk reduction decision makers. Results from this study can enhance our understanding on the spatiotemporal characteristics of natural disasters in developing and/or tropical countries urban areas.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"32 1","pages":"264 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82815410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1772188
Jaishree Beedasy, E. Petkova, S. Lackner, J. Sury
ABSTRACT This paper examines the physical and mental health of children following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). A multi-stage sampling design was used to select households for inclusion in the study. Data were obtained from parental interviews (n = 720) in the harder-hit areas of Louisiana in the US Gulf Coast. Three out of five parents reported that their child had experienced physical health symptoms and nearly one third reported that their child had mental health issues since the oil spill. Both direct physical exposure and indirect economic exposure were found to be predictors of physical and mental health issues among the children. Our findings contribute to bridge the research gap on the impacts of the direct and indirect exposures of the DHOS on the health of children. The study underscores the importance of understanding the health and recovery trajectories of children and youth exposed to disasters. Knowledge gained from this study together with the emerging literature on the effect of the oil spill disaster on children can contribute towards more evidence-based public health policies and enhance the recovery of children and their families in the aftermath of disasters.
{"title":"Gulf Coast parents speak: children’s health in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","authors":"Jaishree Beedasy, E. Petkova, S. Lackner, J. Sury","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1772188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1772188","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the physical and mental health of children following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). A multi-stage sampling design was used to select households for inclusion in the study. Data were obtained from parental interviews (n = 720) in the harder-hit areas of Louisiana in the US Gulf Coast. Three out of five parents reported that their child had experienced physical health symptoms and nearly one third reported that their child had mental health issues since the oil spill. Both direct physical exposure and indirect economic exposure were found to be predictors of physical and mental health issues among the children. Our findings contribute to bridge the research gap on the impacts of the direct and indirect exposures of the DHOS on the health of children. The study underscores the importance of understanding the health and recovery trajectories of children and youth exposed to disasters. Knowledge gained from this study together with the emerging literature on the effect of the oil spill disaster on children can contribute towards more evidence-based public health policies and enhance the recovery of children and their families in the aftermath of disasters.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"40 1","pages":"248 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79226932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1771251
Kayode O. Atoba, S. Brody, W. Highfield, C. Shepard, Lily N. Verdone
ABSTRACT The impact of recent flood events, such as hurricane Harvey in 2017 which affected the upper Texas coastal region, has sparked new proposals for buying out damaged properties to reduce flood risk and return them to natural open space. Traditionally, buyouts have been carried out with little regard for non-monetary benefits, such as ecological and aesthetic values, but have been driven by a cost–benefit calculus that leads to a reactionary, ad hoc selection process after a flood event has already occurred. This standard practice can result in a disjointed pattern of open spaces that does little to protect environmental assets. In response to the lack of research that also considers the complementary ecological benefits of buyout programmes, this study tests a methodological framework that identifies candidate parcels for acquisition along a spectrum of ecological and proximity variables, by statistically and spatially identifying the nexus between ecological value and economic benefits when acquiring flooded properties. Importantly, we show that including these criteria does not significantly reduce the cost-effectiveness of buyouts and that acquiring parcels for flood risk reduction can be combined with protecting ecological values in a way that helps communities to become more resilient over the long term.
{"title":"Strategic property buyouts to enhance flood resilience: a multi-criteria spatial approach for incorporating ecological values into the selection process","authors":"Kayode O. Atoba, S. Brody, W. Highfield, C. Shepard, Lily N. Verdone","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1771251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1771251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impact of recent flood events, such as hurricane Harvey in 2017 which affected the upper Texas coastal region, has sparked new proposals for buying out damaged properties to reduce flood risk and return them to natural open space. Traditionally, buyouts have been carried out with little regard for non-monetary benefits, such as ecological and aesthetic values, but have been driven by a cost–benefit calculus that leads to a reactionary, ad hoc selection process after a flood event has already occurred. This standard practice can result in a disjointed pattern of open spaces that does little to protect environmental assets. In response to the lack of research that also considers the complementary ecological benefits of buyout programmes, this study tests a methodological framework that identifies candidate parcels for acquisition along a spectrum of ecological and proximity variables, by statistically and spatially identifying the nexus between ecological value and economic benefits when acquiring flooded properties. Importantly, we show that including these criteria does not significantly reduce the cost-effectiveness of buyouts and that acquiring parcels for flood risk reduction can be combined with protecting ecological values in a way that helps communities to become more resilient over the long term.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"58 1","pages":"229 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87467433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-26DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1771250
R. Mena, D. Hilhorst
ABSTRACT Conflict aggravates disaster risk and impact through increased vulnerability and weakened response capacities. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster governance are needed – but often deemed unfeasible – in conflict-affected areas. In Afghanistan, despite the high-intensity conflict (HIC), there is a growing body of practice on DRR. To provide insight on DRR in HIC contexts, this study used document analysis, stakeholder interviews, and participant observation to analyse the promotion, implementation, and challenges of DRR in Afghanistan. The findings show that DRR was promoted after international recognition of Afghanistan’s high disaster risk, which coincided with expanding opportunities for development. Early Afghan DRR projects were hazard-oriented and focused on mitigation infrastructure, but some have shifted towards an integrated approach. DRR is challenging in HIC contexts because of complex logistical and funding needs required to overcome access and security issues. The Afghan experience shows that DRR is possible in HIC countries, provided that different levels of conflict are acknowledged, sufficient time and funding are available, and disaster governance arrangements are in place. Expectations regarding the possibilities for DRR in HIC areas should be tempered by the realities of limitations in terms of geographical coverage, real impact, and capacities to reduce vulnerability in an integrated way.
{"title":"The (im)possibilities of disaster risk reduction in the context of high-intensity conflict: the case of Afghanistan","authors":"R. Mena, D. Hilhorst","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1771250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1771250","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conflict aggravates disaster risk and impact through increased vulnerability and weakened response capacities. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster governance are needed – but often deemed unfeasible – in conflict-affected areas. In Afghanistan, despite the high-intensity conflict (HIC), there is a growing body of practice on DRR. To provide insight on DRR in HIC contexts, this study used document analysis, stakeholder interviews, and participant observation to analyse the promotion, implementation, and challenges of DRR in Afghanistan. The findings show that DRR was promoted after international recognition of Afghanistan’s high disaster risk, which coincided with expanding opportunities for development. Early Afghan DRR projects were hazard-oriented and focused on mitigation infrastructure, but some have shifted towards an integrated approach. DRR is challenging in HIC contexts because of complex logistical and funding needs required to overcome access and security issues. The Afghan experience shows that DRR is possible in HIC countries, provided that different levels of conflict are acknowledged, sufficient time and funding are available, and disaster governance arrangements are in place. Expectations regarding the possibilities for DRR in HIC areas should be tempered by the realities of limitations in terms of geographical coverage, real impact, and capacities to reduce vulnerability in an integrated way.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"33 1","pages":"188 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76031935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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