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Professional Hats Aside: How Parent Cafés Reduce Perceived Power Differentials to Engage Caregivers in Adverse Childhood Experience Prevention Using the Protective Factors Framework 抛开专业的帽子:使用保护因素框架,父母如何减少感知的权力差异,使照顾者参与不良童年经历的预防
4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231191158
Caleb Dafilou, Amanda Feinberg, Stephanie Mitchell, Randall Baylor, Susan Caleb, Kayla Altoonian, Nia Imani Bodrick
In the 25 years since adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were identified as risk factors for chronic disease in adulthood, there has been limited research on multigenerational ACEs and prevention. Parent Cafés are a program model that engages caregivers in productive conversations centered on the protective factors framework. They integrate strategies of deprofessionalization, cocreation of programming, safe spaces, active listening, social supports, concrete resources, and self-directed or peer-guided cues to action, to optimize their impact. This article explains the development of the Parent Café model and discusses the benefits of its use of a non-expert-led structure, with support from theory and results from a pilot qualitative survey. Future practices should consider taking innovative approaches to adopting, integrating, and evaluating these strategies.
自不良童年经历(ace)被确定为成年后慢性病的危险因素以来的25年里,对多代儿童期不良经历及其预防的研究有限。家长咖啡是一个程序模型,它使照顾者参与到以保护因素框架为中心的富有成效的对话中。他们整合了去专业化、共同创造程序、安全空间、积极倾听、社会支持、具体资源以及自我指导或同伴指导的行动线索等策略,以优化其影响。本文通过理论和一项试点定性调查的结果,解释了“家长咖啡馆”模式的发展,并讨论了使用非专家主导结构的好处。未来的实践应该考虑采用创新的方法来采用、整合和评估这些策略。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Role of Standardized Instruments and Consultation in Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Treatment for Behavioral Problems 探索标准化工具和咨询在减少行为问题治疗中的种族/民族差异中的作用
4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231189768
Suzanne E. U. Kerns, Jon D. Phillips, Elizabeth J. Goldsborough, Dana Hollinshead, Geetha Gopalan, Richard P. Barth
This study was part of a larger study of Partnering for Success, a federally funded initiative focused on providing evidence-based outpatient mental health treatment to children involved with or at risk for involvement with the child welfare system. With a sample of 782 children, the study explored strategies that therapists can use to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in treatment for behavioral problems in children. The results provide promising evidence that racial and ethnic disparities in treatment receipt for behavioral problems are reduced when therapists administer and adhere to the results of standardized screening instruments and participate in clinical consultation.
这项研究是“为成功而合作”(Partnering for Success)大型研究的一部分,该研究是由联邦政府资助的一项倡议,重点是为参与儿童福利系统或有可能参与儿童福利系统的儿童提供基于证据的门诊心理健康治疗。该研究以782名儿童为样本,探索了治疗师在治疗儿童行为问题时可以用来减少种族和民族差异的策略。结果提供了有希望的证据,表明当治疗师管理并坚持标准化筛查工具的结果并参与临床咨询时,行为问题治疗中的种族和民族差异就会减少。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescents’ Substance Use Initiation and Transitions Across Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illicit Drugs: A Survival Analysis Approach 青少年物质使用的开始和过渡跨越酒精,烟草和非法药物:生存分析方法
4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231190251
Saijun Zhang, Flavio F. Marsiglia, Yunxi Zhang
This study investigated the patterns of substance use initiation and transition across tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs over time using retrospective longitudinal data. Based on national data of 18,861 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years who had engaged in substance use, the findings revealed that nearly 50% of these adolescents initiated substance use with alcohol, 18% with tobacco, and 33% with illicit drugs. By the end of the second year, the probability of these adolescents trying a new substance class was 40% to 50%, rising to 80% to 90% by the eighth year. Adolescents who initiated with tobacco or illicit drugs exhibited a higher risk of transition. The study indicates the significant role of all substance classes in initiating adolescent substance use and highlights the rapidity of transitioning to new substance classes, underscoring the importance of proactive prevention and intervention strategies.
本研究利用回顾性纵向数据调查了烟草、酒精和非法药物的物质使用开始和过渡模式。根据对18,861名14至17岁曾使用过药物的青少年的全国数据,调查结果显示,这些青少年中近50%的人开始使用酒精,18%的人开始使用烟草,33%的人开始使用非法药物。到第二年结束时,这些青少年尝试新药物类别的可能性为40%至50%,到第八年上升到80%至90%。从烟草或非法药物开始的青少年表现出更高的转变风险。该研究表明,所有物质类别在开始青少年物质使用方面发挥着重要作用,并强调了过渡到新物质类别的速度,强调了积极预防和干预策略的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Supports for Novice Workers in Child Welfare: A Study of Coaching for Child Welfare Interns 加强对儿童福利新手的支持:对儿童福利实习生的辅导研究
4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231185373
Natasha L. Smith, Angela M. Smith, Amber Mott, Brenda D. Smith
Coaching in child welfare settings shows promise as a supplement to traditional agency-based supervision. This study investigates the perceived benefits and challenges of an innovative coaching model for social work students with child welfare internships. Focus groups were conducted with student interns, former interns, and coaches. Focus group participants perceived coaching as helpful for professional development and influential in decisions to stay in child welfare. Participants also contrasted supervision experiences with coaching experiences, finding coaching to be more supportive. Findings point to the potential of coaching and/or strengths-based supervision for fostering commitment to child welfare.
儿童福利机构的辅导作为传统的以机构为基础的监督的补充显示出希望。本研究旨在探讨一种创新的辅导模式对社工学生儿童福利实习的感知效益与挑战。焦点小组由实习生、前实习生和教练组成。焦点小组参与者认为辅导有助于专业发展,并对留在儿童福利机构的决定有影响。参与者还将监督经历与指导经历进行了对比,发现指导更具有支持性。研究结果指出,指导和/或基于优势的监督对于促进对儿童福利的承诺具有潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Family Stabilization Services for Unaccompanied Children in the United States 美国无人陪伴儿童的家庭稳定服务
4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231186194
Robert G. Hasson, Bianca LaBella, Antonia Díaz-Valdés, Dawnya Underwood
Unaccompanied children are a growing and vulnerable population of immigrants who are arriving to the United States in increasing numbers, mostly from Central American countries such as El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. This study examines sociodemographic factors associated with unaccompanied children requiring family stabilization services as their primary need upon arrival to the United States. The sample includes children who received post-release services from nonprofits throughout the United States ( n = 851). Logistic regression analyses reveal that children from Honduras ( p < .05) and children who are placed with their fathers, compared with other sponsor types such as mothers or siblings ( p < .001), have greater odds of requiring family stabilization services as their primary need. In addition, older children have lower odds of requiring family stabilization services as their primary need ( p < .001). The study includes implications for practice and future research.
无人陪伴儿童是越来越多的移民中的弱势群体,他们越来越多地抵达美国,主要来自中美洲国家,如萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯。本研究调查了与无人陪伴儿童相关的社会人口因素,这些儿童在抵达美国后需要家庭稳定服务作为他们的主要需求。样本包括美国各地接受非营利组织释放后服务的儿童(n = 851)。Logistic回归分析显示,洪都拉斯儿童(p <.05),与母亲或兄弟姐妹等其他赞助类型相比,与父亲一起安置的儿童(p <.001),更有可能需要家庭稳定服务作为他们的主要需求。此外,年龄较大的儿童要求家庭稳定服务作为其主要需求的可能性较低(p <措施)。该研究包括对实践和未来研究的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Drivers of Child Maltreatment Under- and Overreporting: A Qualitative Study 探索儿童虐待少报和多报的驱动因素:一项定性研究
4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231187441
Judith L. Perrigo, Abigail Palmer Molina, Michael S. Hurlburt, Megan Finno-Velasquez
Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a complex issue that is subject to both under- and overreporting; yet, research into the underlying neighborhood-level drivers of these practices remains limited. The current study gathered perspectives from 30 child protective service (CPS) workers and agency leaders in Southern California neighborhoods to identify perceptions of social and contextual neighborhood factors that might influence over- and underreporting of CAN. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, which revealed five themes: (a) neighborhood conflict, (b) neighborhood fear and mistrust, (c) neighborhood norms, (d) poor CAN reporting knowledge, and (e) mandated reporters’ discretion. These themes highlight the potential impact of neighborhood contexts and social dynamics on CAN reporting practices, emphasizing the need for prevention and early intervention neighborhood-level initiatives that improve CPS relationships within their local community.
儿童虐待和忽视(CAN)是一个复杂的问题,受到低估和高估的影响;然而,对这些做法的潜在社区层面驱动因素的研究仍然有限。目前的研究收集了南加州社区的30名儿童保护服务(CPS)工作者和机构领导人的观点,以确定可能影响CAN报告过高或过低的社会和背景社区因素的看法。使用扎根理论方法对数据进行分析,揭示了五个主题:(a)邻里冲突,(b)邻里恐惧和不信任,(c)邻里规范,(d)糟糕的CAN报道知识,以及(e)强制记者的自由判断。这些主题强调了社区背景和社会动态对CAN报告实践的潜在影响,强调了预防和早期干预社区一级倡议的必要性,以改善当地社区内CPS的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Hidden Challenges Experienced by Families With Military-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 与军事有关的创伤后应激障碍家庭所经历的隐藏挑战
4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231160621
Tara Collins, Dora Tam
Family systems theory explains how post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the family affects family members who must cope with disturbing behaviors from the military member. Although military-related PTSD has been studied in the United States for over a decade, Canadian research is in its infancy. This article focuses on the challenges military families face for both active military members and retired veterans. Corbin and Strauss’ (2015) grounded theory was used to guide this study. Following theoretical sampling, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 non-military parents and 4 adult children in Alberta. The findings have important implications for military families, as well as practice, policy, and research on the topic. Further research could expand the sample to include military members/veterans and families across Canada.
家庭系统理论解释了家庭中的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)如何影响那些必须应对来自军人的令人不安的行为的家庭成员。尽管美国对与军事有关的创伤后应激障碍的研究已经有十多年了,但加拿大的研究还处于起步阶段。本文关注的是现役军人和退役军人家庭所面临的挑战。本研究采用Corbin and Strauss(2015)扎根理论作为指导。在理论抽样的基础上,对艾伯塔省21名非军人父母和4名成年子女进行了半结构化的深度访谈。这些发现对军人家庭以及有关该主题的实践、政策和研究具有重要意义。进一步的研究可以扩大样本,包括加拿大各地的军人/退伍军人和家庭。
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引用次数: 0
Extinguishing the Fire at Both Ends: The Dual Family-Caregiving Stress of the Sandwich Generation of China’s “4-2-2” Families 两头灭火:中国“4-2-2”家庭“三明治一代”的双重家庭照顾压力
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231183406
Jingyi Wu, Beihai Tian, Yingying Gao, Liansheng Wang
China’s fertility policy and population aging have produced many “4-2-2”–structured sandwich families, placing the sandwich generation under dual caregiving stress. Through reflective lifeworld research and multilevel interviews with 14 “4-2-2” families, we confirmed that the essence of “dual stress” was the competing responsibilities of caring for older adults and children. This essence can be further illustrated by the vulnerability of the cared-for, lack of emotional resources, socio-educational anxiety, and family livelihood pressure. In addition, the dual stress can jeopardize the well-being of the sandwich generation as family caregivers. However, this dilemma can be alleviated by intergenerational support-balancing, alternative digital-technology, and complementary social-care strategies. Understanding the lifeworld of sandwich families presents practical approaches and policy implications for caregiving-support systems.
中国的生育政策和人口老龄化产生了许多“4-2-2”结构的三明治家庭,使三明治一代面临双重照顾压力。通过反思生活世界研究和对14个“4-2-2”家庭的多层次访谈,我们证实了“双重压力”的本质是照顾老人和孩子的竞争责任。这种本质可以通过被照顾者的脆弱性、情感资源的缺乏、社会教育焦虑和家庭生计压力进一步说明。此外,双重压力会危及三明治一代作为家庭照顾者的福祉。然而,这种困境可以通过代际支持平衡、替代数字技术和互补的社会保健战略来缓解。了解三明治家庭的生活世界为护理支持系统提供了实用的方法和政策含义。
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引用次数: 0
Parents Responding to TGNC Children: A Qualitative Metasummary 父母对TGNC儿童的回应:一个定性的元总结
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231182752
Tee R. Tyler, B. Huddleston, Henry W. Kronner, Emily T. Calloway, Kimberly Martin, Amber L. Morgan, René Aguilar, Sydney A. Wheeler, Dimia E. Dean
This article outlines a qualitative metasummary of studies with qualitative findings collected from parents of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) children. This literature review study describes parents’ experiences of responding to TGNC children. The step of data analysis for this study resulted in a data set of 34 research articles with two primary themes, four subthemes, and 17 findings. The two primary themes represent challenges parents faced and changes they made relating to their TGNC children. We created this report to share with mental health professionals, such as clinical social workers, serving TGNC children and their parents. This metasummary report concludes with recommendations mental health professionals can implement to improve services offered to TGNC child mental health care recipients and their accompanying parents.
本文概述了从跨性别和性别不一致(TGNC)儿童的父母那里收集的定性研究结果的定性元总结。本文献综述研究描述了父母应对tggnc儿童的经验。本研究的数据分析步骤产生了34篇研究论文的数据集,其中有两个主要主题,四个副主题和17个发现。这两个主要主题代表了父母面临的挑战和他们对tggnc孩子所做的改变。我们制作这份报告是为了与心理健康专业人士分享,比如为TGNC儿童及其父母服务的临床社会工作者。这份综合报告总结了精神卫生专业人员可以实施的建议,以改善向TGNC儿童精神卫生保健接受者及其陪同父母提供的服务。
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引用次数: 0
Community-Based Intervention for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in Central Texas 德州中部性与性别少数群体青年的社区干预
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/10443894231185191
J. S. Jeon, M. Christensen
This study evaluated the psychosocial outcomes of sexual and gender minorities (SGM) youth attending a community social support group in Central Texas from October 2019 to October 2020. SGM youth are at an increased risk of experiencing depression and social challenges due to hetero and cis-normative social norms. This study examined the efficacy of a group intervention for addressing the challenges of 128 SGM youth who participated in this study. Data collection included levels of social support and depression. Analysis between three groups, newcomers ( n = 67), <6 months attendance ( n = 30), and >6 months attendance ( n = 29), found significant differences among Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale 10 total scores, peer support, significant other support, and overall support with greater support seen in participants with greater attendance. We provide recommendations for community-based organizations to better serve SGM youth per our findings.
本研究评估了2019年10月至2020年10月在德克萨斯州中部参加社区社会支持小组的性和性别少数群体(SGM)青年的社会心理结果。由于异性恋和顺式规范的社会规范,SGM青年经历抑郁和社会挑战的风险增加。本研究考察了128名参加本研究的SGM青年的群体干预对解决挑战的有效性。收集的数据包括社会支持和抑郁水平。三组之间的分析,新来者(n = 67), 6个月的出勤(n = 29),发现在流行病学研究中心抑郁量表10总分,同伴支持,重要的其他支持和总体支持方面存在显著差异,出勤越多的参与者获得的支持越多。根据我们的研究结果,我们为社区组织提供了更好地服务SGM青年的建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Families in Society-The Journal of Contemporary Social Services
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