American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine最新文献

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Most patients present insulin resistance (IR) and impaired VO₂max associated with cardiovascular mortality. While exercise is recommended as the first-line treatment, there is a lack of certainty of the exercise intensity effect on improvement of pathogenic factors. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of MICT on VO₂max and HOMA-IR compared to other exercise intensities in women with PCOS. Search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science during February 2025. Eligible studies included RTCs, women with PCOS diagnosis, moderate-intensity training and/or other intensities intervention lasting ≥8 weeks, and VO₂max measured by direct method. Meta-analyses included 10 studies involving 289 participants. MICT improved cardiorespiratory capacity as follows: 4.65 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 3.07-6.23 P < 0.001, I² = 84% n = 9; and HIIT: 3.55 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 1.84-5.26, P < 0.001, I² = 0% n = 4. No effect was seen on HOMA-IR with MICT: 0.06, 95% CI: -0.67-0.78 P < 0.88, I² = 0% n = 3; or HIIT: -0.20, 95% CI: -0.70-0.31, P < 0.44, I² = 0% n = 3. In conclusion, MICT appears to promote greater changes of VO₂max than HIIT and none of those exercises had a significant impact on IR.

Background: There is limited understanding of the factors associated with law enforcement officers' (LEOs') physical activity levels (PALs) in Latin America. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge. Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey among military LEOs from a northern Brazilian state. An anonymous questionnaire, which assessed participants' PAL using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires and quality of life (QoL) using the WHOQOL-BREF, was distributed to LEOs. We examined factors associated with PAL with the use of multiple linear regression models. Results: There were a total of 418 participants (38.6± 6.6 years old, 88.3% male). After adjusting for age, sex, role, rank, education, and QoL domains, each unit increase in body mass index (BMI) and the environmental QoL domain were associated with a mean decrease of 56.2 MET-min/week and an increase of 12.8 MET-min/week in PAL, respectively (both P < 0.05). Additionally, those with a college education or higher had a mean PAL increase of 381.1 MET-min/week compared to their counterparts (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Lower BMI, higher education, and improved environmental QoL are associated with increased PAL among Brazilian military LEOs. Our findings are consistent with existing literature.

This study qualitatively examined college students' perceptions of a pilot cooking and nutrition workshop, College Cooking Connection (CCC), through the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) framework. Undergraduate students who attended at least one CCC workshop (N = 29) were invited to a 30 min virtual focus group. A trained moderator guided the discussion to gather perceptions of the program. Themes were identified using thematic analysis with a directive and deductive approach based on SCT. Focus groups revealed eight major themes across the SCT. Cognitive themes included: (1) improved nutrition literacy, (2) understanding the nutrition-mental health connection, and (3) increased awareness of campus resources. Behavioral themes included: (4) improved life skills such as kitchen safety, budgeting, and grocery shopping, (5) enhanced cooking self-efficacy through hands-on learning, and (6) recognition of behavioral barriers to nutrition. Environmental themes included: (7) enjoyment of social interaction and community connection, and (8) acknowledgment of environmental barriers to nutrition. Findings highlight the value of cooking and nutrition education programs like CCC in enhancing cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence health in college students. Health programming on campuses can equip students with the knowledge and skills to sustain healthy habits long-term.

Research on vegan diets and mental health shows mixed results but most of the studies have been cross-sectional and among white populations. This study examined changes in perceived stress and mental wellbeing among African American adults aged 18-65 years (N = 159) with overweight/obesity, who were randomized to vegan or omnivorous diets in a 2-year nutrition intervention. Changes in outcomes were assessed using intent-to-treat analysis with mixed model repeated measures. Both groups experienced decreased stress from baseline, seen at 6, 12, and 24 months for the omnivorous group and at 12 and 24 months for the vegan group. The omnivorous group showed improved mental wellbeing at 24 months. There were no differences in changes between the groups at any timepoint (P > 0.05) for stress and mental wellbeing. There were no differences between adherent vegan vs adherent omnivorous participants in changes in either outcome at any timepoint (P > 0.05). Prior research suggests increased stress and reduced mental wellbeing or reduced stress and increased mental wellbeing among individuals following a vegan diet, but this study found no difference in changes in stress and mental wellbeing between participants randomized to vegan or omnivorous diets.

Background: Resilience-the ability to adapt and recover from chronic stress-is a critical determinant of health, particularly among marginalized populations. Women, people of color, and LGBTQ+ individuals experience disproportionate levels of psychological distress due to systemic discrimination, trauma, and social exclusion.

Objective: To explore how lifestyle medicine, when applied through an equity lens, can serve as a powerful tool to promote resilience and mitigate psychological distress in underserved communities.

Methods: This narrative review applies the 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine: nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress management, social connection, and avoidance of risky substances, to the lived experiences of marginalized populations. It integrates public health literature, minority stress theory, and insights from culturally responsive clinical practice.

Results: Structural inequities create barriers to wellness for marginalized individuals, including limited access to healthy foods, safe environments for movement, and affirming care. When adapted with cultural humility, lifestyle medicine interventions can improve emotional well-being, foster identity-affirming behaviors, and strengthen resilience.

Conclusion: Equity-centered lifestyle medicine provides a promising, accessible framework to help marginalized populations build resilience and reclaim well-being, offering a preventive strategy to reduce long-term psychological distress.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the "canary in the coal mine" for coronary artery disease (CAD), typically presenting 3-5 years before CAD. Accordingly, vascular ED and CAD share similar risk factors. Case Summary: A 52-year-old male reported erectile dysfunction in 2019. In 2021, after coronary stent placement for stable CAD, he adopted a whole-food plant-based diet (WFPB) diet to improve his CAD risk. Within months, his erectile function began improving, and he experienced further improvement with increasing vegetable intake. By February 2024, he reported normal erectile function. Discussion: While prior literature describes modest improvement in erectile dysfunction with a Mediterranean diet, this case describes complete reversal of ED with a WFPB diet. By improving cardiovascular risk factors, a WFPB may ameliorate vascular function and vascular ED. Take Home Message: Erectile dysfunction secondary to atherosclerosis may be reversed with a whole food plant-based diet.

Background: A 21-question Lifestyle Medicine Assessment (LMA) tool was recently developed to quickly evaluate the lifestyle medicine domains (Avoidance of Substance Use, Nutrition, Connection, Movement, and Recovery). In this study, we used the LMA tool to complete a preliminary analysis of family medicine providers, a group that is known to face challenging lifestyle demands and burnout. Objective: The primary purpose was to assess the LMA domain scores and determine if significant differences exist (among the domains). The secondary purpose was to complete a correlation matrix for the LMA domain scores to better understand the strength of the relationships (among domains). Methods: The participants were 35 family medicine providers and all completed the LMA. The maximum LMA score is 50 (each of the five domains is scored 0-10 points). Pairwise comparisons were used to determine if there were significant differences among the five domain scores (P < .05) and Pearson correlation was used to assess correlations between domains. Results: The overall LMA score was moderate (34.68 ± 6.26). The Recovery domain score (4.71 ± 2.91) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the other domains (Connection = 6.94 ± 2.16; Nutrition = 7.41 ± 2.00; Movement = 6.26 ± 2.94; Avoidance of Substance Use = 9.35 ± 1.28). The Avoidance of Substance Use score was significantly higher than the other domains (P < .01). Overall, the correlation scores among the domains were weak (all r-scores were ≤0.34). Conclusions: For this group of providers, there appears to be substantial room for improvement in four of the five domains. The domain of greatest concern appears to be Recovery. The weak correlation scores suggest that domain scores tend to be independent of each other, and that assessment results are unique to the individual.