American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine最新文献

Lifestyle medicine interventions are well established for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are increasingly applied to people with cancer, who face elevated cardiovascular risk from both the disease and its treatments. Cardio-oncology, an emerging subspecialty, focuses on prevention, management, and treatment of CVD in patients with cancer and survivors. Incorporating lifestyle medicine principles-such as physical activity, healthy diet, stress management, and social connections-can help mitigate CVD risk in this population. This article reviews the impact of cancer and its therapies on cardiovascular health, current guideline recommendations, and the importance of an interprofessional, holistic approach to individualized care.

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted daily lifestyles worldwide. Its long-term effects on physical activity (PA) and eating behaviors (EB) among Mexican women, who already face barriers to adopting healthy lifestyles, remain unclear. This study aimed to compare PA and EB among adult Mexican women before and after the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was conducted using structured questionnaires. Participants reported their pre- and post-pandemic PA and EB. Results: A total of 104 women, with a mean age of 52.4 ± 9.5 years, participated in the study. Overall, PA levels decreased significantly after the pandemic (P < 0.05), with notable decreases among women without a cancer history, postmenopausal women, homemakers, and those with overweight or obesity. Time spent in overall PA (z = 4.6; r = 0.45) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (z = 5.1; r = 0.50) decreased, while sitting time increased (z = -3.8; r = 0.37) (P < 0.001). In contrast, overall EB did not change significantly; however, employed women and those without a history of cancer reported significant changes in EB after the pandemic (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the end of the pandemic, its effects on PA and EB persist among Mexican women. Targeted, culturally sensitive interventions, along with ongoing monitoring, are essential to reduce long-term health risks in this population.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly impair quality of life. While clinical heterogeneity results from genetic and biological factors are nonmodifiable factors of PD, growing evidence highlights the impact of modifiable factors on symptom management, disease progression and quality of life. This review synthesizes current research on the role of sleep, diet, stress management, and physical activity in PD. Sleep disturbances, affecting nearly 88% of patients, exacerbate both motor and non-motor symptoms and may accelerate disease progression. Treatment strategies include sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and pharmacologic interventions customized for particular specific sleep disorders. Nutritional interventions, particularly Mediterranean or MIND diets, are linked to slower disease progression, while poor dietary habits may worsen outcomes. Stress and psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, are prevalent, and mindfulness practices provide substantial relief. Physical exercise, especially aerobic and strength training, helps improve motor function, cognitive performance, and quality of life, and programs lasting more than 12 weeks are more effective. These modifiable factors help improve PD treatments and quality of life.

Intrinsic capacity (IC) is defined as the set of individual physical and mental abilities, the preservation of which will influence functional skills throughout aging. Therefore, it is important that its assessment be incorporated into healthcare services to support the adoption of preventive approaches in the field of gerontology. This study aimed to evaluete the factors associated with good intrinsic capacity (IC) among community-dwelling older adults participating in social groups in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that assessed the 5 domains of IC, using validated instruments, and analyzed the association of the total IC score with sociodemographic data, health conditions, history of falls, mobility in the living space and balance. 170 individuals aged 72.3 (±8.0) years participated in the study, mostly female. Half of the subjects had preserved IC, who showed better performance in all domains. The factors negatively associated with IC were an income below the minimum wage (OR 0.026 [0.002-0.296]) and number of comorbidities (OR 0.691 [0.536-0.890]), while the number of surgeries (OR 1.326 [1.058-1.661]) and good balance (OR 1.417 [1.216-1.651]) were positively associated with IC. These results point to specific strategies to address the demands of the population in the pursuit of IC preservation.

Disruptions to daily routines, such as those caused by holidays or the COVID-19 pandemic, have been linked to unhealthy changes in physical activity, sleep, and diet. The Structured Days Hypothesis (in children) and the Social Zeitgeber Model (in adults) provide theoretical frameworks that explain how routines influence lifestyle behaviors. Together, these models highlight daily routines as a modifiable behavioral risk factor that can promote healthier lifestyles. Integrating routine-building strategies into clinical practice, especially during times when routines are most vulnerable to disruption, represents a low-cost and scalable approach to health promotion. This article outlines practical strategies that health care providers can use to help patients establish and sustain daily routines.

Mental health in the United States faces a mounting crisis, with rising prevalence, inadequate outcomes from pharmacologic treatments, and compounding social and environmental stressors. Traditional care models often neglect the biopsychosocial factors that shape psychological well-being, underscoring the need for a deeper integration of lifestyle medicine and behavioral health. Lifestyle interventions including nutrition, physical activity, sleep hygiene, stress resilience, social connection, and reduction of harmful substance use are biologically active treatments that influence neuroplasticity, inflammation, circadian rhythms, and emotional regulation. Framing these as first-line, rather than adjunctive, interventions repositions them at the center of mental healthcare. Behavioral health professionals are uniquely positioned to facilitate this shift through therapeutic alliance, motivational interviewing, psychoeducation, and interprofessional collaboration. Clinical integration requires systematic assessment of lifestyle domains, incorporation into psychotherapeutic modalities, and deployment within community and digital platforms to enhance access and adherence. Emerging fields such as lifestyle psychiatry, positive psychology, and community-based health models highlight the promise of synergistic care that addresses meaning, purpose, and connectedness. By embedding lifestyle medicine into behavioral health practice, clinicians can foster resilience, reduce disease burden, and expand the scope of preventive and therapeutic strategies, advancing whole-person care for individuals and communities.