Journal of Nutritional Science最新文献

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the correlation between magnesium consumption and periodontitis in different body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) groups. 8385 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2009-2014 were included. The correlation between dietary magnesium intake and periodontitis was first tested for statistical significance by descriptive statistics and weighted binary logistic regression. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were performed to investigate whether the association was stable in different BMI and WC groups. There was a statistical difference in magnesium intake between periodontitis and non-periodontitis populations. In model 3, participants with the highest magnesium consumption had an odds ratio of 0.72 (0.57-0.92) for periodontitis compared to those with the lowest magnesium consumption. However, in subgroup analysis, the relationship between magnesium intake and periodontitis remained significant only in the non-general obese (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m²) and non-abdominal obese populations (WC ≤ 102 cm in men and ≤ 88 cm in women). Dietary magnesium intake might decrease the periodontitis prevalence in the American population, and this beneficial periodontal health role of magnesium consumption might only be evident in non-general obese and non-abdominal obese populations.

Although B vitamins have been shown to play beneficial roles in bone health, the effects of vitamin B1 in humans are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B1 supplementation on middle-aged and older adults. This single-armed trial study included community-dwelling adults in Japan and used a pre- and post-test design. The participants were given 28.0 mg of vitamin B1 supplementation per day for 1 month in addition to their daily usual diet. The effect of this treatment on bone turnover markers and metabolism was evaluated at baseline and after 1 month. Forty-two participants were enrolled (mean age, 58.6 ± 10.4 years; 36 women). The vitamin B1 levels in whole blood increased significantly from baseline after vitamin B1 supplementation. The level of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a bone resorption marker, reduced significantly (378 ± 135 vs. 335 ± 120 mU/dL, p < 0.001), while the level of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), a marker specific to bone formation, did not change. Moreover, the serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations did not change, whereas the corrected serum calcium concentrations increased and vitamin D concentrations decreased. The serum TRACP 5b levels decreased after vitamin B1 supplementation in the middle-aged and older adults. Further definitive trials are needed to determine the efficacy of vitamin B1 in improving bone health.

Comorbidities, which are additional health conditions that occur alongside diabetes, can have a significant effect on blood sugar control. These conditions often complicate the management of diabetes and worsen overall health. Malnutrition, on the other hand, is a common concern for people with diabetes due to difficulties with food intake and metabolism. Proper nutrition is crucial for maintaining general health and effectively managing the disease. However, the extent of comorbidities and malnutrition within this group is not well understood in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa governmental hospitals between April and May 2023, involving 422 adult outpatients living with diabetes. The study aimed to evaluate their comorbidities, nutritional status, and associated factors. The required data were collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Undernutrition and concordant comorbidities were prevalent in the study population, occurring at rates of 15.2% and 57.8%, respectively. Additionally, 18.5% of participants were classified as overweight and obese with a BMI greater than 25 kg/m². Three significant predictors of undernutrition among adult outpatients living with diabetes were identified: alcohol intake (P < 0.05), comorbidities (P < 0.01), and educational status (P < 0.05). Concordant comorbidity was notably common in these patients. It is recommended that the healthcare system consider comorbid conditions when managing diabetes. A longitudinal study is suggested to provide stronger evidence on these findings.

Dietary habits, particularly vegetable consumption, play a crucial role in preventing noncommunicable diseases. However, despite international guidelines advocating daily vegetable intake, adherence remains low across many populations. As a result, more focused efforts to boost vegetable consumption at the population level are essential. This study aimed to assess the impact of a health communication campaign (HCC) in City A, which combined information dissemination and incentives to promote vegetable consumption. In 2021, a new app-based vegetable quiz was introduced as part of the ongoing campaign, which had been implemented since 2017. Participants earned 10 points per correct quiz answer, which could be redeemed for product certificates, with a maximum of 30 points. To evaluate the effectiveness of the quiz, we analysed vegetable intake data from 786 quiz users. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to consider factors such as sex, age, body mass index, pre-campaign points, prior vegetable intake, and frequency of food recording during the campaign. We ensured robustness of the results by analysing data from 605 individuals whose vegetable intake had been tracked one year earlier, during a non-incentivized version of the campaign. The results demonstrated that participants who completed all three quizzes consumed 10.7% more vegetables than non-participants. Year-over-year comparisons further showed a significant increase in vegetable intake among frequent quiz participants compared to the previous year, highlighting the positive impact of gamified quizzes on vegetable consumption. These findings suggest that incentivized HCC, especially those incorporating gamification elements, can be highly effective in encouraging healthier eating habits.

Understanding adolescents' diet and eating behaviours is crucial for informing public health strategies and policies, allowing interventions to be tailored effectively to enhance dietary patterns and improve overall health and quality of life. This study examined dietary patterns, dietary diversity, eating habits, food choice and the factors influencing these among adolescent girls in the Mion District, Ghana. A convergent parallel mixed-method design employing in-depth interviews (n = 30), two focus group discussions (n = 10) and survey data from 882 mother-daughter pairs was used. Key findings indicate that approximately 90% of girls achieved the minimum dietary diversity for women of reproductive age (MDD-W), with most consuming three meals daily. Staples were eaten daily, while fruits and unhealthy foods were less frequently eaten. Moderate/severe food insecurity was negatively associated with the MDD-W, whereas larger household size was positively correlated with the MDD-W. Older girls were less likely to eat breakfast, while household crop farm diversity increased the odds of eating supper on weekends. Moderate/severe food insecurity was inversely associated with intake of animal-sourced foods (ASFs), fruit, and unhealthy foods but positively correlated with vegetable consumption in the past month. Maternal non-literacy was linked to a lower intake of unhealthy foods, while specific ethnic backgrounds negatively influenced ASF intake. Wealthier households demonstrated higher consumption of staples. Qualitatively, health considerations, availability, taste, and cravings were major influencers of food choices. Food aversions were often tied to intolerance, fatigue from consuming the same foods repeatedly, and preferences related to taste and texture. These findings underscore the need for targeted nutritional interventions considering socio-economic and household factors to improve adolescent girls' dietary habits and overall health.

This study aimed to assess the extent to which first-morning void (FMV) urine samples can estimate sodium and potassium excretion compared with 24-hour (24-h) urine samples at the population level. We conducted a cross-sectional study collecting urine samples (FMV and 24-h) and two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in a sub-sample from the Portuguese IAN-AF sampling frame. Six predictive equations were used to estimate 24-h sodium and potassium excretion from FMV urine samples. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to compare the association between FMV and 24-h urine collections. Cross-classifications into tertiles were computed to calculate the agreement between measured and estimated excretion with and without calibration. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to compare the excretion estimation from FMV and reported intake from 24-h dietary recalls. Bland-Altman plots assessed the agreement between two-day dietary recall and the best-performing calibrated equation. Data from eighty-six subjects aged 18-84 were analysed. Estimated sodium and potassium concentrations from the predictive equations moderate or strongly correlated with the measured 24-h urine samples. The Toft equation was the most predictive and reliable, displaying a moderate correlation (r=0.655) with no risk of over or underestimation of sodium excretion (p=0.096). Tanaka and Kawasaki equations showed a similar moderate correlation (r=0.54 and r=0.58, respectively) but tended to underestimate the 24-h urine excretion of potassium (p<0.001). Calibrated predictive equations using FMV urine samples provide a moderately accurate alternative and resource-efficient option for large-scale nutritional epidemiology studies when 24-h urine collection is impractical.

Recommended dietary fibre consumption is rarely met in high-income countries. Detailed analysis of fibre consumption patterns is essential to identify strategies for increasing intake. This study investigated the timing and sources of fibre intake in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Nutrition Survey, menuCH (n = 2057, 18-75 years). Dietary characteristics were summarised for the adult population and for subgroups stratified by absolute (< 15 g/day, 15-<30 g/day, and >=30 g/day) and relative (< 10 g/1000 kcal/day, 10-<14 g/1000 kcal/day, and >=14 g/1000 kcal/day) fibre intake. Mean fibre intake of both 24 HDRs for each individual and contribution of food groups and timing (before breakfast, breakfast, during the morning, lunch, during the afternoon, dinner, after dinner/at night) was calculated. Fibre was mainly consumed at breakfast (4.1 g/day), lunch (6.0 g/day), and dinner (6.4 g/day). Intake at breakfast differed between the lowest and highest fibre intake groups by 6.4 g/day (absolute) and 4.3 g/day (relative). Breakfast skipping was more frequent among low-fibre intake groups (29% for absolute intake, 19% for relative intake) than in the overall population (15%). The main sources of dietary fibre were grain products (35.6%), followed by vegetables (18.3%) and fruits (18.2%), with whole grains accounting for 17.5% of grain intake. Legumes contributed only to 1% of total fibre intake. Public health efforts encouraging regular breakfast consumption, and intake of whole grains and legumes are recommended to improve fibre intake.

The Brazilian Worker's Food Program (WFP) is a public policy initiative that focuses on nutritional assistance for low-income formal workers (less than five minimum wages). Currently, it serves more than 25 million formal workers (around 54%). This systematic review aimed to assess the nutritional quality of meals offered and/or consumed by beneficiaries of the WFP. Observational studies conducted with workers from companies registered in the programme were eligible, with no restrictions on the period of publication. The nutritional quality was assessed according to the guidelines of the programme (Normative Ordinance No. 66/2006). Twenty cross-sectional studies and one cohort study met the inclusion criteria. Most of the participants were male, from manufacturing industries, and their average age was 35.0 years. The results of the analysis showed that fibre, sodium, calories, and proteins were the nutrients that most exceeded the recommended amounts, whereas carbohydrate was the nutrient that had the least amount. The results showed that the nutritional quality of the food offered to or consumed by workers did not fully meet the required guidelines and, in some companies, did not promote an adequate and healthy diet. The WFP has great potential and needs to be reformulated to make it a programme that contributes to strengthening the realisation of the human right to adequate food.

There are few studies on what diet mothers following a vegan diet (VD; or strict plant-based diet) choose for their children and how the child's diet is implemented in everyday life. The present study aimed to explore choices that mothers following a VD make regarding their child's diet and feeding practices, and what determines these choices. Mothers on a VD whose youngest child was <4 years old were recruited via social media or newsletters about a VD. Participants (N=28) were between 27 and 45 years old and had been adhering to a VD between 0.5 and 23 years. Online semi-structured interviews based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A hybrid thematic analysis approach was used to identify themes that emerged from the data. Mainly driven by ethical considerations of eating animal products, 21 (75%) women chose a VD for their child(ren). When the participant's partner followed a vegetarian diet (VEGD) or omnivorous diet (OMD), most women chose a VEGD (N=4) or OMD (N=3) for their child as well. Overall, women indicated to make well-considered choices regarding children's diet and related feeding practices. Determinants for the dietary choice for their children involved various motivations, attitudes, norms, facilitating/hindering factors and knowledge. In conclusion, driven mainly by ethical motivations, most women on a VD chose this diet for their children as well. Despite experiencing several hindering factors and acknowledging the potential negative effects of a VD, mothers seemed to make well-considered choices concerning their child's diet.

Green tea, a plant rich in bioactive compounds, has been highlighted for its beneficial effects. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the impact of green tea on inflammatory and oxidative markers is investigated. Using pre-defined keywords, online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles, published from inception up to February 2024. The outcomes included C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Analyses of subgroups, linear, and non-linear associations were also carried out. Out of 1264 records initially retrieved, 38 RCTs were included. Supplementation with green tea improved the following indicators: IL-1β (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.10 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.06), MDA (WMD: -0.40 mcmol/L; 95 % CI: -0.63, -0.18), TAC (WMD: 0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.13), SOD (WMD: 17.21 u/L; 95% CI: 3.24, 31.19), and GPX (WMD: 3.90 u/L; 95% CI: 1.85, 5.95); but failed to improve others, including CRP (WMD: 0.01 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.15), IL-6 (WMD: -0.34 pg/mL; 95% CI:-0.94, 0.26), and TNF-α (WMD: -0.07 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.28). Supplementation with green tea can improve the body's oxidative status. However, the results showed no significant effect of green tea on inflammatory markers, except for IL-1β. Further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of green tea, particularly on inflammatory status.