Journal of Nutritional Science最新文献

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, and there is an increasing concern of the health risk of coffee consumption in pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy disease that causes elevated blood pressure and proteinuria in pregnant women and growth restriction of fetuses due to poorly developed placental vasculature. The aim of our study is to investigate the possible effect of coffee intake during pregnancy in rats with potential underlying vasculature conditions. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at a high dose (125 mg/kg/d) was used to induce PE in pregnant rats, which were used as the positive control group. In addition, low-dose L-NAME (10 mg/kg/d) was used to simulate the compromised placental vasculature function in pregnant rats. Coffee was given together with low-dose L-NAME to the pregnant rats from gestational day 10.5-18.5. Our results show that the pregnant rats treated with low-dose L-NAME + coffee, but not low-dose L-NAME alone, developed PE symptoms such as prominent fetal growth restriction, hypertension, and proteinuria. Therefore, our findings suggest that coffee intake during pregnancy may cause an increased risk of PE in susceptible women.

Paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programmes hold promise in improving food security and dietary patterns among youth. However, programme success is largely dependent upon caregiver and family engagement. The current study sought to gain a better understanding of environmental barriers to engagement in a paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programme in one low-income, urban community (Flint, Michigan, USA). Following the implementation of a paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programme, researchers conducted thirty-two semi-structured interviews with caregivers. Researchers explored caregivers' understanding of the fruit and vegetable prescription programme, barriers to programme engagement, and recommendations for improvement. Telephone interviews were transcribed for textual analysis. Researchers used thematic analysis to examine qualitative data, determine patterns across transcripts, and develop emerging themes. Researchers concluded interviews when data saturation was reached. The majority of participants were female (94%), African American (66%), and residents of Flint (72%). Five recurrent themes emerged: (1) nutrition security; (2) prescription distribution; (3) prescription redemption; (4) educational supports; and (5) programme modifications. Although caregivers indicated that the prescription programme addressed household food insecurity, environmental barriers to engagement were apparent. Caregivers provided suggestions, such as partnering with large grocery stores and developing digital prescriptions, to address programme engagement challenges. Fundamental to the success of fruit and vegetable prescription programmes is the understanding of barriers to engagement from the perspective of participants. This study explores challenges with one paediatric fruit and vegetable prescription programme and provides actionable solutions, from the viewpoint of caregivers, to address these challenges.

Complex food retail settings, where multiple food retail outlets operate in close proximity are common. Despite their ubiquity, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding healthy food retail interventions implemented within these settings. Furthermore, understanding the factors affecting the implementation of interventions in these settings remains limited. This systematic review aimed to (1) identify and describe complex food retail settings where interventions were implemented to promote the healthiness of foods purchased, (2) synthesise the evidence on the effectiveness of the interventions implemented, and (3) identify enablers and barriers to the implementation of the interventions in these settings. Four databases, namely, MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, Embase, and Business Source Complete, were searched until December 2022. The Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool was used. Six studies reported on the implementation of interventions promoting healthy food purchases across multiple food retail outlets. Three studies each described two complex food retail settings: university and hospital. Interventions including promotion and promotion plus price improved the healthiness of foods purchased. There was limited description of institutional food policies, conceptual frameworks, formative research, or evaluation outcomes to inform the implementation of interventions in these settings. No study analysed enablers and barriers to the implementation of interventions. No study identified their settings as complex food retail settings. There is limited evidence describing complex food retail settings, their impact on intervention effectiveness, and associated enablers or barriers. Investigating factors influencing the effectiveness of interventions implemented within complex food retail settings is critical to support their implementation at scale.

In this systematic review, we scrutinise adolescent nutrition in Nigeria, focusing on dietary patterns, intake, and nutritional status. Through a systematic examination of observational studies across three major databases, we analysed data from 67,844 adolescents. Our exploration revealed 102 studies, predominantly cross-sectional, addressing various nutritional dimensions. However, only 13% of these studies demonstrated low risk of bias, with none offering national representation and most concentrated in specific, school-based regions. The findings underscore a complex nutritional landscape with widespread malnutrition and highlight the critical need for high-quality, comprehensive data. The dominance of cross-sectional designs and regional biases in existing research calls for cautious interpretation and suggests a pressing need for more robust, nationally representative studies to guide future nutritional interventions and policy-making in Nigeria.

This qualitative research sought to identify factors influencing patient choice of, and patient-related internal and external enablers and barriers to engagement with, type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission strategies offered by the Remission in diabetes (REMI.D) project. Patients had a choice of three diets: Total Diet Replacement (TDR)-Formula Food Products, TDR-Food, and Healthy lifestyle approach; and three activity pathways: Everyday life, General Practitioner referral, and Social hub. Semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis used the Framework Method and NVivo 12 to assist with generation and organisation of codes, inductive and deductive (Theoretical Domains Framework). The REMI.D project was a place-based approach (place in this case being defined as two local authorities with significant rates of deprivation) situated in the North East of England. Twenty patients out of a possible 65 patients took part. Areas of interest included: patient choice, patient intention, patient adherence, patient non-adherence, and patient stigma. Addition of a more moderate dietary strategy (not dissimilar to the diet in the Healthier You NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme) to the existing NHS England T2D Path to Remission programme may enable more patients to achieve remission or delayed progression with deprescribing of diabetes medications. Embedding a tailored physical activity path within or as a bolt-on to the NHS programme requires consideration. Limited resources should be targeted towards patients who identify with more barriers or fewer opportunities for health behaviour modification. Further research on use of virtual programmes in deprived areas is warranted.

The objective was to examine associations between social jetlag and diet quality among young adults in the US using nationally representative data from the 2017-2018 NHANES survey, and evaluate effect modification by gender and race/ethnicity. Social jetlag was considered ≥2-hour difference in sleep midpoint (median of bedtime and wake time) between weekends and weekdays. Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and its 13 dietary components. Ordinal logistic models were run with diet scores binned into tertiles as the outcome. Models accounted for potential confounders and survey weights. Effect modification by gender and race/ethnicity was examined. The study sample included 1,356 adults aged 20-39 years. 31% of young adults had social jetlag. Overall, there were no associations between social jetlag and diet quality. However, interaction analysis revealed several associations were race-specific (P, interaction<0.05). Among Black adults, social jetlag was associated with lower overall diet quality (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2, 0.8; i.e. less likely to be in higher diet quality tertiles) and more unfavourable scores on Total Vegetables (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0) and Added Sugar (i.e. OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4, 0.9). For Hispanic adults, social jetlag was associated with worse scores for Sodium (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4, 0.9) However, White adults with social jetlag had better scores of Greens and Beans (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.2). Within a nationally representative sample of US young adults, social jetlag was related to certain indicators of lower diet quality among Black and Hispanic Americans.

There is an increasing need for valid, rapid diet screening tools. A significant association between the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in the US but evidence of its use in Europe is lacking. The aim of this study was to amend the PDQS for a UK/Irish population and determine validity and reliability in those at risk of CVD. Participants were recruited via online adverts across the island of Ireland. The PDQS was amended for a UK/Irish population and participants completed PDQS and reference measure (4-day food diary (FD)) on two occasions. PDQS score was calculated directly from PDQS and indirectly from FDs. Validity was determined using Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) (r), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and weighted kappa. Reliability was determined using SCCs (r), ICCs, weighted kappa and coefficient of variation. 'Data were available for n = 115 (Month 0) and n = 108 (Month 3) participants for validity and n = 110 for reliability assessment (PDQS completed at both timepoints)'. PDQS score from PDQS was significantly correlated with PDQS score from FDs at months 0 (r = 0.59, P < 0.01) and 3 (r = 0.65, P < 0.01), with similar associations observed via ICCs. Weighted kappa indicated moderate agreement. PDQS score at month 0 was significantly correlated with PDQS score at month 3 (r = 0.78, P < 0.01), with similar associations observed via ICCs. Weighted kappa indicated moderate agreement. Results indicate that the amended PDQS is a valid and reliable tool to determine diet quality in a UK/Irish population at risk of CVD.

Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) are at risk of developmental problems. Psychosocial stimulation can improve the developmental outcomes of hospitalised children with SAM. However, the intervention has remained underutilised in health facilities in resource-poor settings. Moreover, there is limited evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the acceptability and feasibility of integrating psychosocial stimulation interventions in the inpatient care of children with SAM in selected areas in the Silti Zone, Central Ethiopia. Nine focus group discussions and 15 key informant interviews were conducted with parents, health workers, and other stakeholders. The data were transcribed, translated, and analysed using a thematic approach. Caregivers and health workers had positive attitudes toward the intervention and perceived it beneficial for the children's development, recovery, and bonding with the mothers. Health workers reported barriers such as lack of materials, time, and space, capacity building training, and supervision for the effective implementation of the intervention. At the household level, gendered factors such as the housework burden of mothers and the inadequate engagement of fathers in childcare were the main challenges to the implementation of the intervention. Overall, psychosocial stimulation intervention was found to be acceptable and feasible for routine implementation with inpatient care provided for children with SAM. The study recommends supporting health facilities, health workers, and partners with the necessary resources and skills to promote the implementation of stimulation interventions along with the existing care provided in health facilities in resource-poor settings.

Children's eating habits are established early in life and parents play a major role therein. Pregnancy is a teachable moment for the promotion of healthy eating because many women are concerned about their babies' health and have frequent contact with healthcare providers. We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality during pregnancy and the offspring. A total of 691 sets of data on pregnant mothers and their 3-year-old offspring were obtained from the Seiiku Boshi cohort study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire for mothers in mid-to-late pregnancy and a validated diet history questionnaire for Japanese preschool children at the 36-month checkup. Diet quality was scored using the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. Maternal diet quality score was categorised into quartiles, and the association between offspring and maternal diet quality score, adjusted for socioeconomic factors, was assessed using multiple linear regression. The total offspring diet quality score showed a linear trend with the maternal diet quality score (the mean increments (confidential intervals) for each quartile were -0.12 (-1.32-1.08), 1.54 (0.34-2.73), and 1.22 (0.03-2.42)). In particular, offspring vegetable dishes scored higher in all quartiles of maternal vegetable dish scores than in the lowest quartile (0.69 (0.21-1.17), 0.97 (0.50-1.45), and 1.36 (0.88-1.83)). A high diet quality score during pregnancy was positively associated with that of offspring, suggesting the importance of nutritional education in pregnant women to improve their diet quality.