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Association of dietary intake with micronutrient deficiency in Indian school children: a cross-sectional study. 印度学童膳食摄入与微量营养素缺乏的关系:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-02 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.83
Shally Awasthi, Divas Kumar, Swati Dixit, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Barkha Gupta, Girdhar G Agarwal, Anuj Kumar Pandey, Avivar Awasthi, Somashekar A R, Mushtaq A Bhat, Sonali Kar, B N Mahanta, Joseph L Mathew, Suma Nair, C M Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Anish Thekkumkara Surendran

Adequate nutrition is necessary during childhood and early adolescence for adequate growth and development. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the association between dietary intake and blood levels of minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium) and vitamins (folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin D) in urban school going children aged 6-16 years in India, in a multicentric cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled from randomly selected schools in ten cities. Three-day food intake data was collected using a 24-h dietary recall method. The intake was dichotomised into adequate and inadequate. Blood samples were collected to assess levels of micronutrients. From April 2019 to February 2020, 2428 participants (50⋅2 % females) were recruited from 60 schools. Inadequate intake for calcium was in 93⋅4 % (246⋅5 ± 149⋅4 mg), iron 86⋅5 % (7⋅6 ± 3⋅0 mg), zinc 84⋅0 % (3⋅9 ± 2⋅4 mg), selenium 30⋅2 % (11⋅3 ± 9⋅7 mcg), folate 73⋅8 % (93⋅6 ± 55⋅4 mcg), vitamin B12 94⋅4 % (0⋅2 ± 0⋅4 mcg), vitamin A 96⋅0 % (101⋅7 ± 94⋅1 mcg), and vitamin D 100⋅0 % (0⋅4 ± 0⋅6 mcg). Controlling for sex and socioeconomic status, the odds of biochemical deficiency with inadequate intake for iron [AOR = 1⋅37 (95 % CI 1⋅07-1⋅76)], zinc [AOR = 5⋅14 (95 % CI 2⋅24-11⋅78)], selenium [AOR = 3⋅63 (95 % CI 2⋅70-4⋅89)], folate [AOR = 1⋅59 (95 % CI 1⋅25-2⋅03)], and vitamin B12 [AOR = 1⋅62 (95 %CI 1⋅07-2⋅45)]. Since there is a significant association between the inadequate intake and biochemical deficiencies of iron, zinc, selenium, folate, and vitamin B12, regular surveillance for adequacy of micronutrient intake must be undertaken to identify children at risk of deficiency, for timely intervention.

在儿童时期和青春期早期,充足的营养对于充分的生长和发育是必要的。因此,该研究的目的是在一项多中心横断面研究中评估印度6-16岁城市学龄儿童的饮食摄入与血液矿物质(钙、铁、锌和硒)和维生素(叶酸、维生素B12、维生素A和维生素D)水平之间的关系。参与者是从10个城市随机选择的学校中招募的。使用24小时饮食回忆法收集三天的食物摄入量数据。摄入量分为充足和不足。采集血样以评估微量营养素水平。从2019年4月到2020年2月,从60所学校招募了2428名参与者(女性占50%至2%)。钙摄入不足的比例为93·4%(246·5±149·4mg),铁摄入量为86·5%(7·6±3·0mg),锌摄入量为84·0%(3·9±2·4mg 00%(04±06微克)。在控制性别和社会经济地位的情况下,摄入铁[AOR=1∙37(95%CI 1∙07-1∙76)]、锌[AOR=5∙14(95%CI 2∙24-11∙78。由于铁、锌、硒、叶酸和维生素B12的摄入不足与生化缺乏之间存在显著联系,因此必须定期监测微量营养素摄入的充足性,以确定有缺乏风险的儿童,以便及时干预。
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引用次数: 0
Erratum: The association of socio-demographic and environmental factors with stunting among under-five children in Hawassa City, Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia - CORRIGENDUM. 勘误表:社会人口和环境因素与埃塞俄比亚Sidama国家地区州Hawassa市五岁以下儿童发育迟缓的关系-CORRIGENDUM。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-27 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.85
B Kibemo, Afework Mulugeta, Dejene Hailu, Baye Gelaw

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.29.].

[这更正了文章DOI:10.1017/jns.2022.29.]。
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引用次数: 0
Are epigenetic mechanisms and nutrition effective in male and female infertility? 表观遗传学机制和营养对男性和女性不育有效吗?
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-26 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.62
Kadriye Erdoğan, Nazlı Tunca Sanlier, Nevin Sanlier

This review discusses epigenetic mechanisms and the relationship of infertility in men and women in relation to parameters pertaining to nutrition. The prevalence of infertility worldwide is 8-12 %, and one out of every eight couples receives medical treatment. Epigenetic mechanisms, aging, environmental factors, dietary energy and nutrients and non-nutrient compounds; more or less energy intake, and methionine come into play in the occurrence of infertility. It also interacts with vitamins B12, D and B6, biotin, choline, selenium, zinc, folic acid, resveratrol, quercetin and similar factors. To understand the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of genes that affect infertility, the environment, the role of genotype, age, health, nutrition and changes in the individual's epigenotype must first be considered. This will pave the way for the identification of the unknown causes of infertility. Insufficient or excessive intake of energy and certain macro and micronutrients may contribute to the occurrence of infertility as well. In addition, it is reported that 5-10 % of body weight loss, moderate physical activity and nutritional interventions for improvement in insulin sensitivity contribute to the development of fertility. Processes that pertain to epigenetics carry alterations which are inherited yet not encoded via the DNA sequence. Nutrition is believed to have an impact over the epigenetic mechanisms which are effective in the pathogenesis of several diseases like infertility. Epigenetic mechanisms of individuals with infertility are different from healthy individuals. Infertility is associated with epigenetic mechanisms, nutrients, bioactive components and numerous other factors.

这篇综述讨论了表观遗传学机制以及男性和女性不孕与营养相关参数的关系。全世界不孕不育的患病率为8-12%,每八对夫妇中就有一对接受治疗。表观遗传学机制、衰老、环境因素、膳食能量和营养素以及非营养化合物;或多或少的能量摄入和蛋氨酸在不孕不育的发生中发挥作用。它还与维生素B12、D和B6、生物素、胆碱、硒、锌、叶酸、白藜芦醇、槲皮素和类似因子相互作用。为了了解影响不孕不育基因表达的分子机制,必须首先考虑环境、基因型的作用、年龄、健康、营养以及个体表观基因型的变化。这将为确定不育的未知原因铺平道路。能量和某些宏观和微量营养素摄入不足或过量也可能导致不孕。此外,据报道,5-10%的体重减轻、适度的体育活动和改善胰岛素敏感性的营养干预有助于生育能力的发展。与表观遗传学有关的过程携带遗传而非通过DNA序列编码的改变。营养被认为对表观遗传学机制有影响,这些机制在不孕等几种疾病的发病机制中有效。不孕个体的表观遗传学机制与健康个体不同。不孕与表观遗传机制、营养物质、生物活性成分和许多其他因素有关。
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引用次数: 0
Magnitude of undernutrition and its association with dietary diversity among older persons in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2023. 埃塞俄比亚老年人营养不良程度及其与饮食多样性的关系:一项系统综述和荟萃分析,2023年。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-26 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.84
Getachew Sale Mezgebu, Legesse Petros, Etaferaw Alemayew, Gashaw Abebaw, Fentaw Wassie Feleke

Undernutrition in elders remains under-detected, under-treated, and under-resourced and leads to further weight loss, increased infections, and delay in recovery from illness as well as increased hospital admissions and length of stay. The reports of the findings were fragmented and inconsistent in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of undernutrition and its association with dietary diversity among older persons in Ethiopia. Online databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct), Google, Google Scholar, and other grey literature were used to search articles until the date of publication. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence; whereas subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity using Stata version 14.0 software. Out of 522 studies accessed, 14 met our criteria and were included in the study. A total of 7218 older people (aged above 60 years old) were included in the study. The pooled proportion of undernutrition among older persons in Ethiopia was 20⋅6 % (95 % CI 17⋅3, 23⋅8). Elders who consumed low dietary diversity scores were strongly associated with undernutrition among older persons. Therefore, promoting appropriate intervention strategies for elders to improve dietary diversity practices and nutritional status is crucial.

老年人的营养不足仍然被发现不足、治疗不足和资源不足,并导致体重进一步减轻、感染增加、疾病恢复延迟以及住院人数和住院时间增加。埃塞俄比亚的调查结果报告支离破碎,前后矛盾。因此,这项荟萃分析的主要目的是估计埃塞俄比亚老年人营养不良的综合患病率及其与饮食多样性的关系。在线数据库(Medline、PubMed、Scopus和Science Direct)、谷歌、谷歌学者和其他灰色文献被用于搜索文章,直到发表之日。遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南。随机效应模型用于估计合并患病率;而使用Stata 14.0版软件进行亚组分析和元回归以确定异质性的可能来源。在522项研究中,有14项符合我们的标准并被纳入研究。共有7218名老年人(60岁以上)参与了这项研究。埃塞俄比亚老年人营养不良的总比例为20∙6%(95%CI 17∙3,23∙8)。饮食多样性得分低的老年人与老年人营养不良密切相关。因此,为老年人推广适当的干预策略,以改善饮食多样性做法和营养状况至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Exploration of plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure among women who are post-menopause. 探讨血浆脂联素、瘦素和COMT基因型对绝经后妇女血压的影响。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-19 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.75
Lauren Green, Laura Byham-Gray, Mindy Kurzer, Hamed Samavat

Research suggests that adiponectin, leptin, and genetic polymorphisms such as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype may play an integral role in blood pressure status and thereby cardiovascular health. This is an area especially important for women who are post-menopause; however, the current literature investigating these associations is limited. This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data (N 237) from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (MGTT). The current study explored the relationships between plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure measures. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were obtained after an overnight fast of at least 10 h and were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The relationships were analysed using multiple linear regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Effect modifications by age, body mass index (BMI) category, blood pressure category, antihypertensive medication use, and COMT genotype were also investigated. The majority of participants were non-Hispanic (97⋅9 %) and Caucasian (94⋅9 %). Mean (sd) age and BMI were 60⋅7 (5⋅0) years and 28⋅2 (2⋅9) kg/m2, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, neither plasma adiponectin, plasma leptin nor COMT genotype was associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure measures. The results of stratified analyses also did not reveal any significant interactions or associations. Based on the findings of this study, which utilised more rigorous statistical methods than previous research, neither adiponectin, leptin nor COMT genotype play a role in blood pressure measures in women who are post-menopause.

研究表明,脂联素、瘦素和儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶(COMT)基因型等遗传多态性可能在血压状况和心血管健康中发挥着不可或缺的作用。这对绝经后的妇女来说是一个特别重要的领域;然而,目前研究这些关联的文献是有限的。本研究是对明尼苏达绿茶试验(MGTT)的基线数据(N237)进行的横断面二次分析。本研究探讨了血浆脂联素、瘦素和COMT基因型在血压测量中的关系。在禁食至少10小时过夜后获得血浆脂联素和瘦素,并通过放射免疫分析法测量。在校正了潜在的混杂因素后,使用多元线性回归分析了这些关系。还研究了年龄、体重指数(BMI)类别、血压类别、抗高血压药物使用和COMT基因型对疗效的影响。大多数参与者是非西班牙裔(97·9%)和高加索人(94·9%)。平均(sd)年龄和BMI分别为60·7(5·0)岁和28·2(2·9)kg/m2。校正混杂变量后,血浆脂联素、血浆瘦素和COMT基因型均与收缩压或舒张压测量值无关。分层分析的结果也没有发现任何显著的相互作用或关联。根据这项研究的结果,脂联素、瘦素和COMT基因型都没有在绝经后女性的血压测量中发挥作用。这项研究使用了比以前更严格的统计方法。
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引用次数: 0
Community-based fruit and vegetable prescription programs: a scoping review. 基于社区的水果和蔬菜处方计划:范围界定综述。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.81
Emma Greatorex Brooks, Mark McInerney
Abstract Identify and categorise different models of community-based fruit and vegetable prescription programs, to determine variation in terms of methodology, target population characteristics, and outcomes measured. Applying the scoping review methodology, ten electronic databases were utilised to identify community-based fruit and vegetable incentive programs. Results were evaluated by two independent reviewers, using Covidence software. All full-text reviews were completed and documented using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Search results were stored and reviewed within the Covidence software. Thirty full-text articles were utilised from the 40 206 identified in the search. Target populations were predominantly female, non-white, and low-income. Considerable heterogeneity was found in both study design and quality. Fruit and vegetable vouchers were utilised in 63 % (n 19) of the studies. Prescriptions were primarily provided by community health centres (47 %; n 14) or NGOs (307 %; n 9) and could be redeemed at farmers’ markets (40 %; n 12) or grocery stores (27 %; n 8). When measured, diet quality significantly improved in 94 % (n 16), health outcomes significantly improved in 83 % (n 10), and food security status improved in 82 % (n 10) of studies. Providing financial incentives to offset the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables can increase consumption, improve health outcomes, and improve food security status. The majority of studies showed significant improvements in at least one outcome, demonstrating the effectiveness of community-based fruit and vegetable prescription programs. However, the diversity of measurement techniques and heterogeneity of design, dosage, and duration impeded meaningful comparisons. Further well-designed studies are warranted to compare the magnitude of effects among different program methodologies.
识别和分类基于社区的水果和蔬菜处方计划的不同模型,以确定方法、目标人群特征和测量结果方面的差异。应用范围界定审查方法,利用十个电子数据库来确定基于社区的水果和蔬菜激励计划。结果由两名独立评审员使用Covidence软件进行评估。使用PRISMA ScR指南完成并记录了所有全文审查。搜索结果存储在Covidence软件中并进行审查。在搜索中发现的40206篇文章中,共使用了30篇全文文章。目标人群主要是女性、非白人和低收入人群。研究设计和质量都存在相当大的异质性。63%(n 19)的研究使用了水果和蔬菜券。处方主要由社区卫生中心(47%;n 14)或非政府组织(307%;n 9)提供,可以在农贸市场(40%;n 12)或杂货店(27%;n 8)兑换。经测量,94%(n 16)的研究饮食质量显著改善,83%(n 10)的研究健康状况显著改善,82%(n 10。提供财政激励以抵消新鲜水果和蔬菜的成本可以增加消费,改善健康状况,改善粮食安全状况。大多数研究表明,至少有一项结果有显著改善,证明了基于社区的水果和蔬菜处方计划的有效性。然而,测量技术的多样性以及设计、剂量和持续时间的异质性阻碍了有意义的比较。有必要进行进一步精心设计的研究,以比较不同项目方法之间的影响程度。
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引用次数: 0
Time to complementary feeding initiation and its predictors among children aged 9-23 months in Meket District, Northeast Ethiopia: a Cox Weibull regression. 埃塞俄比亚东北部Meket区9-23个月儿童开始补充喂养的时间及其预测因素:Cox-Weibull回归。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-12 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.71
Sileshi Fekadu Alemu, Aregash Abebayehu Zerga, Reta Dewau Yimer, Sisay Eshete Tadesse

.Globally and nationally, only 64⋅5 and 49⋅2 % of infants received solid or semi-solid foods, respectively. The available evidence indicates that the time to initiate complementary feeding practices is still poor and varies by region. The aim of the present study was to assess the time to initiation of complementary feeding and its predictors among children aged 9-23 months in Meket District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. A community-based retrospective cohort study was conducted from June to July 2022 among 459 systematically selected mothers/caregivers with their children from 9 to 23 months of age. The result of descriptive statistics was reported by table, frequency, Kaplan-Meier curve and percent. The proportional hazard model assumption was checked, and a Weibull regression model was used to see the predictors of timely initiation of complementary feeding. An adjusted hazard ratio with a 95 % confidence interval and a P-value of 0⋅05 were used to declare the significant predictors. The median time of complementary feeding initiation was 6 months. Attending primary education (adjusted hazard ration (AHR) 1⋅8; 95 % CI 1⋅16, 2⋅78), occupation of the mother (AHR 1⋅43; 95 % CI 1⋅04, 1⋅95), home delivery (AHR 1⋅61; 95 % CI 1⋅09, 2⋅37) and birth preparedness (AHR 1⋅37; 95 % CI 1⋅03, 1⋅81) were the predictors of time to complementary feeding initiation. The median time to complementary feeding initiation was consistent with the WHO recommendation. Maternal education, maternal employment, place of delivery and birth preparedness were the predictors of time to initiation of complementary feeding. Therefore, working with the education sector, increasing the delivery rate in health facilities, strengthening counselling on birth preparation, increasing maternity leave until 6 months of age and initiating corner feeding should be part of the complementary feeding practices promotion agenda.

在全球和全国范围内,分别只有64%和49%的婴儿接受固体或半固体食物。现有证据表明,开始补充喂养做法的时间仍然很短,而且因地区而异。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区Meket区9-23个月儿童开始补充喂养的时间及其预测因素。2022年6月至7月,在459名系统选择的母亲/照顾者及其9至23个月大的孩子中进行了一项基于社区的回顾性队列研究。描述性统计的结果按表格、频率、Kaplan-Meier曲线和百分比报告。检查了比例风险模型的假设,并使用威布尔回归模型来查看及时开始补充喂养的预测因素。采用95%置信区间和P值为0·05的调整后的风险比来宣布显著的预测因素。补充喂养开始的中位时间为6个月。参加初等教育(调整后的危险比(AHR)1∙8;95%可信区间1∙16,2∙78)、母亲的职业(AHR 1∙43;95%可信区间2∙04,1∙95)、在家分娩(AHR 2∙61;95%可信范围1∙09,2・37)和生育准备(AHR 3∙37;95%可信赖度1∙03,1・81)是补充喂养开始时间的预测因素。补充喂养开始的中位时间符合世界卫生组织的建议。母亲教育、母亲就业、分娩地点和生育准备是开始补充喂养时间的预测因素。因此,与教育部门合作,提高卫生设施的分娩率,加强生育准备咨询,增加产假至6个月大,并开始角落喂养,应该成为补充喂养做法促进议程的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary saturated fat and cholesterol: cracking the myths around eggs and cardiovascular disease. 饮食饱和脂肪和胆固醇:打破鸡蛋和心血管疾病的神话。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.82
Rona Antoni

Whilst dietary cholesterol guidelines have waivered through the years with historic restrictions lifted for the majority of the general population, recommendations to reduce saturated fat intake have been the mainstay of dietary guidelines since the 1980s and were recently reinforced by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN). Cholesterol metabolism is complex, with saturated fat known to have a more significant contribution at raising levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is clear from metabolic research that hyper-responsiveness to both dietary cholesterol and saturated fat exists; hence, for specific subsets of the population, reductions in both nutrients may be indicated. With this in mind, the current article aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying biological variation in responsiveness and introduces research currently underway which will hopefully identify simple biomarkers that can be used to predict responsiveness and permit tailored, personalised, dietary advice. Eggs are a well-known source of dietary cholesterol whilst being low in saturated fat. A common question encountered in clinical practice is must individuals limit intake to manage blood cholesterol levels. This article summarises key recent papers which confirm that eggs can be enjoyed as part of a healthy balanced diet, whilst highlighting the need for further research in certain population groups, e.g. in individuals with diabetes.

虽然多年来,随着对大多数普通人群的历史性限制被取消,饮食胆固醇指南已经放弃,但自20世纪80年代以来,减少饱和脂肪摄入的建议一直是饮食指南的支柱,最近营养科学咨询委员会(SACN)加强了这一建议。胆固醇代谢是复杂的,已知饱和脂肪在提高低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇水平方面有更重要的作用,这是心血管疾病(CVD)的一个公认的风险因素。然而,从代谢研究中可以清楚地看出,对膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪都存在高反应性;因此,对于人群的特定亚群,这两种营养素都可能减少。考虑到这一点,本文旨在概述反应性生物变异的潜在机制,并介绍目前正在进行的研究,有望确定可用于预测反应性的简单生物标志物,并提供量身定制的个性化饮食建议。鸡蛋是众所周知的膳食胆固醇来源,同时饱和脂肪含量低。临床实践中遇到的一个常见问题是,个人必须限制摄入以控制血液胆固醇水平。这篇文章总结了最近的主要论文,这些论文证实了鸡蛋可以作为健康均衡饮食的一部分,同时强调了在某些人群中进行进一步研究的必要性,例如在糖尿病患者中。
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引用次数: 0
Dairy intake and risk of hip fracture in prospective cohort studies: non-linear algorithmic dose-response analysis in 486 950 adults. 前瞻性队列研究中乳制品摄入与髋部骨折风险:486950名成年人的非线性算法剂量反应分析。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.63
Suruchi Mishra, Kavitha Baruah, Vasanti S Malik, Eric L Ding

Previous studies on the relationship between dairy consumption and hip fracture risk have reported inconsistent findings. Therefore, we aimed to conduct an algorithmically driven non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of studies assessing dairy intake and risk of developing incident hip fracture. Meta-analysis from PubMed and Google Scholar searches for articles of prospective studies of dairy intake and risk of hip fracture, supplemented by additional detailed data provided by authors. Meta-regression derived dose-response relative risks, with comprehensive algorithm-driven dose assessment across the entire dairy consumption spectrum for non-linear associations. Review of studies published in English from 1946 through December 2021. A search yielded 13 studies, with 486 950 adults and 15 320 fractures. Non-linear dose models were found to be empirically superior to a linear explanation for the effects of milk. Milk consumption was associated with incrementally higher risk of hip fractures up to an intake of 400 g/d, with a 7 % higher risk of hip fracture per 200 g/d of milk (RR 1⋅07, 95 % CI 1⋅05, 1⋅10; P < 0⋅0001), peaking with 15 % higher risk (RR 1⋅15, 95 % CI 1⋅09, 1⋅21, P < 0⋅0001) at 400 g/d versus 0 g/d. Although there is a dose-risk attenuation above 400 g/d, milk consumption nevertheless continued to exhibit elevated risk of hip fracture, compared to zero intake, up to 750 g/d. Meanwhile, the analysis of five cohort studies of yoghurt intake per 250 g/d found a linear inverse association with fracture risk (RR 0⋅85, 95 % CI 0⋅82, 0⋅89), as did the five studies of cheese intake per 43 g/d (~1 serving/day) (RR 0⋅81, 95 % CI 0⋅72, 0⋅92); these studies did not control for socioeconomic status. However, no apparent association between total dairy intake and hip fracture (RR per 250 g/d of total dairy = 0⋅97, 95 % CI 0⋅93, 1⋅004; P = 0⋅079). There were both non-linear effects and overall elevated risk of hip fracture associated with greater milk intake, while lower risks of hip fracture were reported for higher yoghurt and cheese intakes.

先前关于乳制品消费与髋部骨折风险之间关系的研究报告了不一致的发现。因此,我们旨在对评估乳制品摄入量和发生髋部骨折风险的研究进行算法驱动的非线性剂量反应荟萃分析。PubMed和Google Scholar的荟萃分析搜索乳制品摄入和髋部骨折风险的前瞻性研究文章,并辅以作者提供的其他详细数据。Meta回归得出了剂量反应的相对风险,在整个乳制品消费谱中进行了全面的算法驱动的剂量评估,以获得非线性关联。1946年至2021年12月发表的英文研究综述。一项搜索产生了13项研究,涉及486950名成年人和15320名骨折患者。非线性剂量模型被发现在经验上优于牛奶影响的线性解释。摄入400克/天的牛奶与髋部骨折风险增加有关,每摄入200克/天牛奶,髋部骨折风险会增加7%(RR 1∙07,95%CI 1∙05,1∙10;P<0∙0001),400克/日时与0克/日相比,峰值风险会增加15%(RR 1・15,95%CI 2∙09,1・21,P<0・0001)。尽管在400克/天以上有剂量风险衰减,但与零摄入(高达750克/天)相比,牛奶摄入仍然表现出髋部骨折的风险增加。同时,对每250克/天酸奶摄入量的五项队列研究的分析发现,与骨折风险呈线性负相关(RR 0∙85,95%CI 0∙82,0∙89),对每43克/天奶酪摄入量(约1份/天)的五项研究也是如此(RR 0・81,95%CI 0∙72,0・92);这些研究没有控制社会经济地位。然而,总乳制品摄入量与髋部骨折之间没有明显的相关性(每250 g/d总乳制品的RR=0∙97,95%CI 0∙93,1∙004;P=0∙079)。牛奶摄入量越大,髋部骨折的风险越高,这两者都存在非线性影响,而酸奶和奶酪摄入量越高,髋部骨折风险越低。
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引用次数: 0
Determinates of anemia among Human Immune Deficiency Virus positive children on Anti-retro Viral Therapy in selected health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. 埃塞俄比亚西北部选定卫生机构中接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性儿童贫血的确定因素:一项病例对照研究。
IF 2.5 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.79
Misganaw Guadie Tiruneh, Fassikaw Kebede Bizuneh

Even though antiretroviral therapy (ART) access for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children increased dramatically, anaemia has continued as a challenge regardless of a cluster of differentiation (CD4) count and viral load. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the determinants of iron deficiency anaemia among children living with HIV after the initiation of ART. An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among consecutively selected 712 children on HIV care from 1 September to 30 October 2022 in the Metekel zone. A pre-tested and structured data extraction checklist was used to collect the data. Data were analysed using STATA version 16 software. Binary logistic regression was used to find the association between independent variables and anaemia. The level of statistical significance was declared at a value of P < 0⋅05. A total of 712 HIV-positive children (178 cases and 534 controls) were included in this study, with a completeness rate of 98⋅8 %. In multivariable analysis, variables that have a statistically significant association with anaemia were as follows: CD4 count <350 (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2⋅76; 95 % CI 1⋅76, 4⋅34), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage III (AOR 7⋅9; 95 % CI 3⋅5, 17⋅91) and stage IV (AOR 7⋅8; 95 % CI 3⋅37, 18⋅1), cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (AOR 0⋅5; 95 % CI 0⋅31, 0⋅8) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≤11⋅5 mm (AOR 2⋅1; 95 % CI 1⋅34, 3⋅28). The present study found that CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy and MUAC were significantly associated with anaemia in children on ART. Therefore, continuous screening of anaemia and nutritional treatment is essential in these patients.

尽管感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的儿童获得抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的机会急剧增加,但贫血仍然是一个挑战,无论CD4计数和病毒载量如何。因此,本研究旨在评估ART启动后HIV感染儿童缺铁性贫血的决定因素。2022年9月1日至10月30日,在Metekel地区连续选择712名接受HIV护理的儿童进行了一项基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究。使用预先测试的结构化数据提取清单来收集数据。使用STATA版本16软件对数据进行分析。二元逻辑回归用于发现自变量与贫血之间的相关性。统计显著性水平为P<005。本研究共纳入712名HIV阳性儿童(178例和534名对照),完成率为98·8%。在多变量分析中,与贫血具有统计学意义的变量如下:CD4计数
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Journal of Nutritional Science
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